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A CRITICAL STUDY ON CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND ITS IMPACT IN INDIA
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A
CRITICAL STUDY ON CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND ITS IMPACT IN INDIA
AUTHORED
BY - [1]SHARADH
SURESHBABU,
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW,
SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND
TECHNICAL SCIENCES (SIMATS)
CHENNAI-600077
CO-AUTHOR - MS. U. RAGAVEE,
B.E, BL(HONS), L.L.M, MCL.
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW,
SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND
TECHNICAL SCIENCES (SIMATS)
CHENNAI-600077
The term ‘capital’ is
obtained from the Latin word ‘capitalis’,which means concerning the head. Thus,
to be subjected to capital punishment means to lose one’s head.Capital
punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the implementation of a
criminal who has been sentenced to death by a court of law for a serious
felony. There have been only a handful of executions in India in
recent years. There are many arguments for and against capital punishment.
Supporters of capital punishment argue that it deters crime, brings closure to
the families of victims, and is just punishment for certain crimes, such as
murder. Opponents of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and unusual
punishment, that it is not an effective deterrent, and that there is a risk of
executing innocent people.The impact of capital punishment in India is a
complex issue. It serves as punishment for the most
heinous, grievous, and abhorrent crimes against humanity. The objective
of the study is to analyse whether capital punishment deter crime and makes
society better. To know more about capital punishment, To analyse the rarest of
rare cases The research
method used here is Empirical Research, Convenient sampling method is used here
to collect the data. The total sample size is 206. The sample frame of research
is housing areas , urban people , etc .The independent variables used are age,
gender , education qualifications, place of living , salary , occupation ,
marital status. The scope of having a better and effective capital punishment
to offenders is purely in the hands of the government as well as with support
of people. Since, Its impact is huge in people’s lives especially (Victim
family) so it is important to use this method as a corrective legal aid.
Let me start my research paper by
stating a wonderful quote on capital punishment “ Capital Punishment is the
most premeditated of murders as it was put forward by albert ceases. Capital punishment, also known as
the death penalty, is the execution of a person as a punishment for a crime.
Capital punishment in our country seems to have had a Cavernous historical
context, starting back to olden times where the Manusmriti, an earliest legal
text, advised the death penalty for certain crimes. However, the Britishers
notably induced India's approach to capital punishment, introducing more
structured and codified legislations. During the period of British rule, death
penalty was extensively utilised, & different laws were sanctioned to
manage its application. Post-Independence, India held on to the death penalty
as a punitive measure for the rarest of rare cases as given by our honourable
supreme court in the important case of Bachan Singh vs State of Punjab in the
year 1980. The government initiatives for capital punishment in India are
various legal plans that regulate capital punishment that have evolved over the
years. Since, the Supreme Court via its judgements has placed down various
principles for the execution of death penalty, highlighting that it should be
reserved for rarest of rare case laws & another most vital part is
international influence as India's grip on death penalty is also persuaded by
international human rights norms. Factors affecting capital punishment in India
are public opinion since public point of view & awareness figure the
discourse on them. High-profile case laws often tend to attract public
attention, determining both the legal procedure & possible mercifulness
decisions. The Current trends in capital punishment is reducing executions
since there has been a very much reduction in the amount of executions in our
country in the recent past. While it is a well known fact that capital
punishment is still lawful & applied in specific cases, genuine executions
have become a very much less happening event. Focus on judicial adjustments as
various efforts have being undertaken to approach issues within our judicial
system, trying its best to reduce the probability of incorrect convictions
& ensuring true & fair trials for people who are given the death
penalty. The comparison between countries with regard to capital punishment
shows that many countries have scrapped the death penalty in both law as well
as practice by arguing for right to life, human dignity whereas other countries
like Japan and China still retain them as they believe that it is a cultural
belief to deter crime. AIM:
The Aim of my research is to have a critical study on capital punishment &
its impact in India.
OBJECTIVE
1) To analyse whether capital punishment deter crime
and makes society better
2) To know about the rarest of rare cases.
3) To understand capital punishment with different
countries' perspectives.
4) To create awareness about the importance of capital
punishment among people.
5) To know about various government initiatives in the
field of capital punishment by India.
1)
“Capital
Punishment in India: A Review of Literature” by S.K Upadhyay and S.K Tiwari
(2017).
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the
literature on capital punishment in India. It discusses the history of capital
punishment in India, the arguments for and against capital punishment, and the
impact of capital punishment on victims, offenders, and their families. The paper
also discusses the legal framework for capital punishment in India and the
challenges to its implementation.
2)
“The
Death Penalty in India: A Human Rights Perspective” by Human Rights Watch (2015). This report by
Human Rights Watch examines the human rights implications of capital punishment
in India. The report argues that the death penalty is cruel, inhuman, and
degrading punishment, and that it violates the right to life. The report also
discusses the risk of executing innocent people in India, and the impact of the
death penalty on the families of victims and offenders.
3)
"The
Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment in India: A Study of Murder Rates “by
Monika Gautam and Alok Kumar (2016). This paper
examines the deterrent effect of capital punishment on murder rates in India.
The paper uses data from 1981 to 2014 to estimate the impact of capital
punishment on murder rates. The paper finds that there is no clear evidence
that capital punishment deters murder.
4)
“The
Impact of Capital Punishment on the Families of Victims and Offenders in India
“ by Anuradha Bhattacharjee (2018). This paper examines
the impact of capital punishment on the families of victims and offenders in
India. The paper uses qualitative data from interviews with families of victims
and offenders to explore the emotional, financial, and social impact of capital
punishment. The paper finds that the death penalty has a significant impact on
the families of both victims and offenders.
5)
“The
Risk of Executing Innocent People in India” by The Innocence Project India
(2020).
This report by The Innocence Project India examines the
risk of executing innocent people in India. The report discusses the cases of
several people who have been executed in India and later found to be innocent.
The report also discusses the flaws in the Indian criminal justice system that
contribute to the risk of executing innocent people.
6)
“The
Economic Costs of the Death Penalty in India” by Navdeep Mathur (2019). This paper
examines the economic costs of the death penalty in India. The paper uses data
from the Indian government to estimate the cost of capital punishment,
including the cost of trials, appeals, and executions. The paper finds that the
death penalty is a costly punishment, and that the money could be better spent
on other priorities, such as education and healthcare.
7)
“Public
Opinion on Capital Punishment in India” by the Pew Research Center (2021). This survey by
the Pew Research Center examines public opinion on capital punishment in India.
The survey finds that a majority of Indians support the death penalty for
murder, but there is a growing movement to abolish it. The survey also finds
that there is a significant difference in opinion on capital punishment between
Hindus and Muslims.
8)
“The
Role of the Media in the Debate Over Capital Punishment in India” by Anjali
Bhagwat (2019).
This paper examines the role of the media in the debate over capital punishment
in India. The paper argues that the media plays an important role in shaping
public opinion on capital punishment. The paper also discusses the challenges
of reporting on capital punishment in India, such as the risk of sensationalising
the issue.
9)
“
The Legal Challenges to Capital Punishment in India” by Akhil Sibal (2022).
This paper examines the legal challenges to capital punishment in India. The
paper discusses the constitutionality of capital punishment in India, and the
challenges to its implementation. The paper also discusses the possibility of
abolishing capital punishment in India.
10) "The Future of Capital
Punishment in India" by Ramachandra Guha (2020) This
essay examines the future of capital punishment in India. Guha argues that the
death penalty is an outdated and barbaric punishment that should be abolished.
He also discusses the challenges to abolishing capital punishment in India,
such as the public support for the death penalty and the political will to
abolish it.
11) Capital Punishment in India: A Study
of the Socio-Economic Profile of Offenders" by Ankita Srivastava and Alok
Kumar (2018) This paper examines the socio-economic
profile of offenders sentenced to death in India. The paper finds that the
majority of offenders are from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and that they
are more likely to be illiterate and unemployed. The paper also finds that a
significant proportion of offenders have mental health issues.
12) "The Role of Gender in Capital
Punishment in India" by Reema Kher (2020) This
paper examines the role of gender in capital punishment in India. The paper
finds that women are disproportionately represented among death row inmates in
India. The paper also finds that women are more likely to be sentenced to death
for crimes of passion, such as murder, while men are more likely to be
sentenced to death for crimes of violence, such as terrorism.
13) "The Death Penalty and the
Constitution: A Comparative Study of India and the United States" by
Arvind Datar (2021) This paper compares the constitutionality
of capital punishment in India and the United States. The paper finds that the
Indian Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of capital punishment,
while the US Supreme Court has struck down the death penalty in several cases.
The paper also discusses the different arguments for and against capital
punishment in the two countries.
14) "The Death Penalty and
Religious Beliefs in India" by Akhil Mittal (2022) This
paper examines the role of religious beliefs in the debate over capital
punishment in India. The paper finds that there is a significant difference in
opinion on capital punishment between Hindus and Muslims. The paper also
discusses the challenges of reconciling religious beliefs with the
constitutional right to life.
15) "The Death Penalty and the
International Human Rights Law" by Anjali Sharma (2023) This
paper examines the compatibility of capital punishment with international human
rights law. The paper finds that there is no clear consensus on the issue, and
that the international community is divided on the matter. The paper also
discusses the challenges of reconciling capital punishment with international
human rights law.
16) "The Death Penalty and the Rule
of Law in India" by Navdeep Chadha (2023) This
paper examines the impact of capital punishment on the rule of law in India.
The paper argues that the death penalty undermines the rule of law by creating
a climate of fear and uncertainty. The paper also discusses the challenges of
ensuring a fair and just criminal justice system in the context of capital
punishment.
17) "The Death Penalty and the
Future of India" by Ramachandra Guha (2023) This
essay examines the future of capital punishment in India. Guha argues that the
death penalty is an outdated and barbaric punishment that should be abolished.
He also discusses the challenges to abolishing capital punishment in India,
such as the public support for the death penalty and the political will to
abolish it.
18) "The Case for Abolishing the
Death Penalty in India" by Amnesty International (2023) This
report by Amnesty International argues for the abolition of the death penalty
in India. The report discusses the human rights concerns associated with
capital punishment, and the lack of evidence that it deters crime. The report
also calls on the Indian government to abolish the death penalty and to uphold
the right to life.
19) "The Death Penalty: Abolition
in India" by The Death Penalty Project (2023) This
report by The Death Penalty Project provides an overview of the death penalty
in India and the arguments for and against its abolition. The report also
discusses the challenges to abolishing the death penalty in India, and the
steps that can be taken to achieve abolition.
20) "Towards the Abolition of the
Death Penalty in India" by The Alternative Law Forum (2023) This
report by The Alternative Law Forum provides a legal analysis of the death
penalty in India and the arguments for and against its abolition. The report
also discusses the steps that can be taken to achieve abolition in India.
METHODOLOGY
The Research Method used here is the
Empirical Research Method. A total of 200 Responses are Collected. A
Questionnaire was prepared in the Google Forms & it was Emailed to my
friends, Relatives & Families. They are Requested by the researcher to
forward the link to their closest ones. The responses were Collected from the
people living inside Tamil Nadu as well as from various parts of India. The
Questions are Capital Punishment is the oldest punishment that is still
prevailing in India. Capital punishment deter crimes and makes society feel
better, Rattan Bai Jain who was the first woman to be executed in independent
India, The reasons to abolish death penalty as a punishment in India as well as
in other countries & Rate the Scale 1-10 “Awareness should be created among
the people regarding the need and usefulness of capital punishment in a
democratic country like India to secure justice and to uphold peaceful
society”. Their responses are collected by the researcher by using the SPSS
Software. The Independent variables are Age, Gender, Place of Residence,
Educational Qualification, Occupation & Marital Status & Dependent
variables are Capital Punishment is the oldest punishment that is still
prevailing in India. Capital punishment deter crimes and makes society feel
better, Rattan Bai Jain who was the first woman to be executed in independent
India, The reasons to abolish death penalty as a punishment in India as well as
in other countries & Rate the Scale 1-10 “Awareness should be created among
the people regarding the need and usefulness of capital punishment in a
democratic country like India to secure justice and to uphold peaceful
society”. The tools used in the research by the Researcher are Simple Bar
Graph, Clustered Bar Graph, Independent Sample T-Test, One-way Anova.
SIMPLE BAR GRAPH
FIGURE:1
LEGEND: Fig 1 clearly shows about the % of people who have
responded to the Questionnaire in relation to their respective Gender.
SIMPLE BAR GRAPH
FIGURE:2
LEGEND: Fig 2 clearly shows about the % of the people who have
Responded to the Questionnaire in relation to their Respective Place of
Residence.
SIMPLE BAR GRAPH
FIGURE:3
LEGEND: Fig 3 clearly shows about the % of people who have
responded to the questionnaire in relation to their respective Educational
Qualifications.
CLUSTERED BAR GRAPH
FIGURE:4
LEGEND: Fig 4 clearly shows about the % of people who have responded
to the question of Capital Punishment is
the oldest punishment that is still prevailing in India in relation to their
Respective Gender Groups.
CLUSTERED BAR GRAPH
FIGURE:5
LEGEND: Fig 5 clearly shows about the % of people who have
responded to the question of Capital Punishment
deter crimes and make society feel better in relation to their Respective
education qualification Groups.
CLUSTERED BAR GRAPH
FIGURE:6
LEGEND: Fig 6 clearly shows about the % of people who have
responded to the question of Rattan Bai
Jain who was the first women to be executed in independent India in relation to
their Respective place of residence Groups.
INDEPENDENT SAMPLE
T-TEST
FIGURE:7
INFERENCES: The Null Hypothesis is Accepted. So, there is no difference
between the question of Capital Punishment is the oldest punishment that is
still prevailing in India & Place of Residence. So, there is no significant
relationship between the two variables.
ONE-WAY ANOVA
FIGURE:8
MEANS PLOT
INFERENCES: The Null Hypothesis is Rejected. So, there is a difference
between the question of capital punishment deter crimes & make society feel
better & respective Age. So, there is a significant relationship between
two variables.
In Fig 1, From the Above Simple Bar Graph, we can understand that male
members have responded more to the questionnaire than female & prefer not
to say gender. Since the % of male members are 37.50% whereas the % of women is
32.00% & Prefer not to say is 30.50% respectively. In Fig 2, From the Above Simple Bar Graph, we can understand that
people in rural areas have responded to the questionnaire more than people in
urban areas & semi-urban areas as the place of residence. Since the % of
people residing in urban areas is 27.50% whereas % of people residing in semi-urban
areas is 19.50% & % of people residing in rural areas is 53.00%
respectively. In Fig 3, From the
Above Simple Bar Graph, we can understand that people whose educational
qualification is PG have responded more to the questionnaire than people whose
educational qualification is SSLC, HSC, UG & Others. Since the % of people
whose educational qualification is SSLC is 4.00%, % of people whose educational
qualification is HSC is 18.50%, whereas the % of people whose educational
qualification is UG is 27.50%, % of people whose educational qualification is
PG is 29.00% & % of people whose educational qualification is others is
21.00% respectively. In Fig 4, From
the Above Clustered Bar Graph, we can understand that many people have
responded to the question of capital punishment is the oldest punishment that
is still prevailing in India by say no on the basis of their respective gender.
The % of people who are male who responded to the question is 37.5%
respectively. The % of people who are female who responded to the question is
32% respectively. The % of people who are prefer not to say who responded to
the question is 30.5% respectively. In Fig
5, From the Above Clustered Bar Graph, we can understand that many people
have responded to the question of capital punishment deter crimes & make
society feel better by saying a neutral opinion on the basis of their
respective educational qualifications. The % of people who said strongly agree
to the question and whose educational qualification is SSLC is 1.50%, % of
people who said strongly agree to the question & whose educational
qualification is HSC is 4.50%, % of people who said strongly agree to the
question & whose educational qualification is UG is 4.50%, % of people who
said strongly agree to the question & whose educational qualification is PG
is 5.00% & % of people who said strongly agree to the question & whose
educational qualification is others is 0.50% respectively. The % people who
said agree to the question & whose educational qualification is SSLC is
2.00%, % of people who said agree to the question & whose educational
qualification is HSC is 4.00%, % of people who said agree to the question &
whose educational qualification is UG is 2.50%, % of people who said agree to
the question & whose educational qualification is 5.00% & % of people
who said agree to the question & whose educational qualification is 3.50%
The % of people who said neutral to the question & whose educational
qualification is SSLC is 0.00%, % of people who said neutral to the question
& whose educational qualification is HSC is 5.00%, % of people who said
neutral to the question & whose educational qualification is UG is 7.50%, %
of people who said neutral to the question & whose educational
qualification is PG is 7.50% & % of people who said neutral to the question
& whose educational qualification is others is 8.00% respectively. The % of
people who said disagree to the question & whose educational qualification
is SSLC is 0.50%, % of people who said disagree to the question & whose
educational qualification is HSC is 2.00%, % of people who said disagree to the
question & whose educational qualification is UG is 8.00%, % of people who
said disagree to the question & whose educational qualification is PG is
7.60% & % of people who said disagree to the question & whose
educational qualification is others is 5.00% respectively. The % of people who
said strongly disagree to the question & whose educational qualification is
SSLC is 0.00%, % of people who said strongly disagree to the question &
whose educational qualification is HSC is 3.00%, % of people who said strongly
disagree & whose educational qualification is UG is 5.00%, % of people who
said strongly disagree & whose educational qualification is PG is 7.00%
& % of people who said strongly disagree & whose educational
qualification is others is 4.00% respectively. In Fig 6, From the Above
Clustered Bar Graph, we can understand that many people have responded to the
question of Rattan lal jain who was the
first woman to be executed in independent India by saying they were unaware to
the question on the basis of their place of residence. The % of people who said that they are aware & residing
in urban areas is 15.00%, % of people who said that they are aware &
residing in semi-urban areas is 8.00% & % of people who said that they are
aware & residing in rural areas is rural areas is 23.50% & % of people
who said that they are not aware & residing in urban areas is 12.50%, % of
people who said that they are unaware & residing in semi-urban areas is
11.50% & % of people who said that they are not aware & residing in
rural areas is 29.50% respectively. In Fig
7, The Null Hypothesis is accepted. So, there is no difference between the
question of capital punishment is the oldest punishment that is still
prevailing in India & Place of Residence. So, there is no significant
relationship between the two variables. In Fig
8, The Null Hypothesis is Rejected. So, there is a difference between the
question of capital punishment deter crimes & make society feel better
& respective Age. So, there is a significant relationship between two
variables.
In Figure
1, The male members have Responded more to the Questionnaire as compared to
other genders. Because the male Genders have more enthusiasm in knowing the
laws & other current happenings around the world & the male members are
having more freedom to learn everything as the male gender is said to be the
lion of the family by their parents as compared to female & prefer not to
say gender. Moreover, capital punishment & its knowledge is quite higher in
males than other genders. This is the reason why male members have responded
more to the Questionnaire whereas other two genders tend to have restricted
knowledge about everything due to their own long standing constraints put on
them by the society. In Figure 2, The People Residing in the
Rural Areas have responded more to the Questionnaire than people living in
other Areas. This is because the people in Rural areas are somewhat educated nowadays
& have a rough knowledge regarding capital punishment & its impact in our country since It is a
well known fact that the people in rural areas are coming to cities from
villages to get justice for the crimes committed against them so this requires
them to be well equipped with basic knowledge about everything including
capital punishment & its impacts.. As compared to Urban & Semi-Urban
Areas in the city people have no time to get some Extra knowledge due to
workload & study in the city side. The people who are trying for government
Jobs is only have knowledge regarding capital punishment in its simplest form
but not in its depth. In Figure 3
The Students who are pursuing PG degree have responded more to the
questionnaire than the students pursuing the other Degrees & 10th as well
as 12th Standard. The students doing their Post-Graduate degree have more
opportunity to Explore the new things around them as it may be a part of their
Course. They may get numerous amounts of Knowledge on Capital Punishment &
its complete industry especially law students as compared to students pursuing
other degrees. In Figure 4 clearly
shows about the % of people who have responded to the question of Capital Punishment is the oldest punishment
that is still prevailing in India in relation to their Respective Gender
Groups. Since Many people said their response was no that capital punishment is
the oldest punishment that is still prevalent in India. So, this clearly
indicate that men who are building block of framily as well as country itself
are not that much have knowledge about death penalty which is assumed as a
important thing to be known by each & every citizen. So, there is a need to
create awareness programmes to impart a deep & complete idea about capital
punishment & its effects among the victim's family. Since the other two
genders knowledge will not be noted to a great extent since these genders are
having their own difficulties in their survival itself which is first to be
addressed in the society even though the knowledge about it is vital to them as
a citizen. In Figure 5, clearly
shows about the % of people who have responded to the question of Capital Punishment deter crimes and make
society feel better in relation to their Respective education qualification
Groups. Since people were having
more of a neutral opinion regarding the question that death penalty deter
crimes and make society feel in a better position as they think that even after
keeping capital punishment the crimes & offenders keeps on increasing in
the country as they are of a thought that this punishment is not being
implemented effectively in our country due to various reasons that hinder
justice to victim as well as improvement of society to next level which is
important for the people to live safely. Some people say that capital
punishment prevents crimes & society also progresses to some extent. In Figure 6, clearly shows about the % of
people who have responded to the question of Rattan Bai Jain who was the first
women to be executed in independent India in relation to their Respective place
of residence Groups. Since, Many people are unaware about the question since it
may seem to be very new to people as women being executed in India was not a
common thing in our country as our judiciary has a soft corner for the women
even though she is named as a criminal. So, it is necessary for people to have
a base for understanding capital punishment which also includes women capital
punishment to shine as an intelligent
citizen & as a responsible citizen. But it is also good to see that they
are aware of Rattan Bai Jain which proves that they are interested in knowing
& learning things to help society in the future in its systematic building.
In Figure 7, From the above
Independent Sample T-Test the Null Hypothesis is Accepted. So, there is no
difference between the question of Capital Punishment is the oldest punishment
that is still prevailing in India & Place of Residence. So, there is no
significant relationship between the two variables.
In Figure 8, The Null
Hypothesis is Rejected. So, there is a difference between the question of
capital punishment deter crimes & make society feel better & respective
Age. So, there is a significant relationship between two variables.
One Of the Limitations of this Survey
is its size of 200 responses which is not enough to Draw Conclusions for the
Entire population of 1,30 Crores in our country & since their total
population count differs drastically. & in that survey 50% of the population
are of young age & middle Aged people & Less old-age People which makes it even difficult for the
researcher to Extrapolation.
As a conclusion, The survey was
conducted to find out how many people are aware of capital punishment & its
impacts in our country. Capital punishment as a punishment due to its
ineffectiveness in achieving its goal has made it a less known punishment among
the public. So, due to this, many people in our country are under a
misconception that our judicial system is less responsive, less developed &
structured. Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the legal
killing of a person as a punishment for a crime. It is a controversial issue,
with strong arguments for and against it. In India, capital punishment is legal
for certain crimes, including murder, treason, and waging war against the
state. However, it is rarely used. In the past 10 years, only 3 people have
been executed in India. There are a number of arguments in favour of capital
punishment. Some people believe that it is a just punishment for certain
crimes, and that it deters others from committing similar crimes. Others
believe that it is necessary to protect society from dangerous criminals.
However, there are also a number of arguments against capital punishment. Some
people believe that it is cruel and unusual punishment, and that it violates
the right to life. Others believe that it is not an effective deterrent, and
that it is more expensive than life in prison. The impact of capital punishment
in India is difficult to assess. There is no clear evidence that it deters
crime or makes society safer. However, it does have a number of negative
consequences, such as the risk of executing innocent people and the emotional
toll it takes on families of the victims and the accused. Ultimately, the
decision of whether or not to use capital punishment is a complex one with no
easy answers. There are strong arguments on both sides of the issue, and it is
up to each individual to decide where they stand.
There are no stringent laws made by
our country to regulate as well as govern capital punishment in India. Since
its usage as a remedy is very limited & moreover it is used in limited
offences like rape & murder which is wrong since other offenders except
these two are exempted from grievous punishments as death penalty is the
highest punishment given by our constitution. So, its knowledge among the poor
as well as uneducated people is also very much limited. So, there is a need to
conduct awareness Programmes to help the People know about the misuse of
capital punishment & the reasons behind its misuse. Importance of the death
penalty in forming our society as a crimeless place. It is the need of the hour
to communicate to people before its complete abolishment by our constitution
due to pressure put by human rights associations. So, it may give them
confidence that they live in a better & safer society from what they think
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[1] B.A.L.L.B (HONS), Student, Saveetha School of Law,
Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University,
Chennai, Email ID: sharadh.2013@gmail.com
Assistant
Professor, Saveetha School of Law, Saveetha Institute of Medical &
Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Email ID: ragaveeu.ssl@saveetha.com
Article Information
A CRITICAL STUDY ON CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND ITS IMPACT IN INDIA
Authors: SHARADH SURESHBABU, MS. U. RAGAVEE
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2024/02/28
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
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