Open Access Research Article
Public Opinion On Social Media With Special Reference To The Teenagers’ Privacy In India (By- L. Pragadi & Malan. K)
Published Paper
Article Details
Public Opinion On Social Media With
Special Reference To The Teenagers’ Privacy In India
Authored By- L. Pragadi
BBA. L.LB.
(Hons) 3rd year
SAVEETHA
SCHOOL OF LAW
SAVEETHA
INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES (SIMATS) Chennai 600077
Co-Authored By-Malan. K
B.Com L.LB.
(Hons) 3rd year
SAVEETHA
SCHOOL OF LAW
SAVEETHA
INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES (SIMATS)
Chennai
600077
Abstract
As a coin has two sides, social media
too has its merits and demerits, and can be only determined by its users.
Moreover, people tend to use it in a bad way, with poor literacy rate and
network speed, only the creamy layer gets to use these networking sites.
However the objective of this study is to understand the demerits with respect
to the private information uploaded in these sites. The researcher has followed
the descriptive type of analysis, convenience and stratified random sampling
method to get data , and analysis with non parametric tests. The sample size
was about 134. The result noticed was many respondents accepted that their
private information is vulnerable to other foreign countries and apps.
KEYWORDS
Social media, Teenagers, Young
adults, Nocturnal, Privacy, Information
Introduction
One thing changed the world after 1960, Seymour Cray designed the
supercomputers, and step by step networks, blogs, and online texting evolved
from it. Moreover, people started the idea of being online. People call social
media as the internet community and it brings distance less with each update
between individuals, who are separated miles away. Then the email came in, as
an important detail in the Performa. It was a necessary condition if someone
needed a job. Indirectly the rise in an email was the most important step to
the creation of programs that aided us to have our electronic products handy
nowadays. As time flew away many sophistications started to arise with social
media, it created many vacancies in the IT department. In the year 2005 onwards
many trending and useful social media aroused like YouTube, Facebook, and
Instagram, which are popular till now. Nowadays we have apps for food
deliveries, dating, name a work, we have an app for that.
When there are apps of foreign origin, we all
have that one question. Do other countries have our personal information too,
which we upload without much knowledge? Many critics tell that all this small
data could be used against India also from its opponent country. Therefore, the
government makes sure that no apps of foe country are allowed to delve into the
information of India's citizens. During this curfew, the government has taken
steps to ban some apps which are said to collect the statistics, like Pubg, TicToc,
etc. Moreover, the government also uses social media as a platform to
communicate with their people through Twitter. prominent political
personalities on social media include the likes of Narendra Modi, Shashi
Tharoor, Omar Abdulla, Nirupama Rao, Sushma Swaraj, Varun Gandhi, and Milind
Deora. Even Traffic police use social media in many cities of Bangalore,
Chennai, Mumbai to nab those who violate the traffic rules. Internet Censorship
is done with certain details that are directly linked with the safety of our
nation. The Ministry of Foreign affairs has also created an official twitter
page just to make other individuals feel safe about India. Many programs like
Pariksha Pe Charcha also reach out to people through social media only.
Anything more than required is called an
addiction, and many people are addicted to these kinds of social media. People
become obsessed with their information on these networking sites just to
flatter themselves. India has a greater number of youths and it was once said that
this population would make this nation developed.
With online games, there is a greater
reduction of these young fellows, who could achieve more. They end up in many
games, which rather end up addictive. Under this circumstance, they even end up
losing their education and jobs. Many psychological problems, body shaming,
neurological problems, suicidal thoughts, all start from social media. Many
fake accounts have also been created, which in turn makes people suffer.
Unwanted relationships and many accounts dealing with nudity and sexual content
are also not reported, therefore making people go vulnerable to such an online
platform. Almost everyone uses these apps at night, sacrificing their sleep,
which again adds up to the pile of health disorders. Thus, talking about risks
in real life, their online lives have even more problems, which are not worth
it.
According to the 2018 Global Digital Report,
the Philippines, Brazil, Indonesia, the top 3 countries, have the highest
social media usage. India is in 17th place. In Canada, and the USA, the
birthplace of many social media. Astonishingly, these countries which were a
major part of these social media didn't even compare to India. Therefore, the
conclusion is that citizens using social media is not directly related to the
wealth of any country.
Objectives
?
To examine the demerits of these social
networking sites with psychological, emotional, and physical behaviour of its
victims.
?
To analyse information sharing between
these sites without the consent of its users.
Review Of
Literature
1. Marwick and Boyd found that young commoners connected in the privacy
acts on sites like Facebook, current concepts of privacy flop to account for
the habits in which social media alter practices of information-sharing and
perceptibility. They argued that the undercurrents of social networking sites
have compelled teens to change their origins of privacy to reason for the
integrated nature of social media. (Marwick
and Boyd, 2014)
2. Maja van der Velden and Khaled El
Emam, two
psychiatrists found that Social media plays a significant role in the public
life of adolescent patients. They allow teen patients to be unvarying
teenagers.
Young
patients' connected privacy behaviour is an appearance of their essential
self-definition and resistance with protection. (Maja van der Velden and Khaled El Emam, 2011)
3. Eric P. S. Baumer, Shion Guha,
Emily Quan, David Mimno, and Geri K. Gay inspected social media
deterioration, when a handler deliberately stops using a social media network
but then after sometime restarts to use this particular site. The authors found
that a handiness example of study data from individuals who offered to visit
off Facebook for 99 days in some cases, many came back before that time. This
shows the addiction levels of social networking sites in peoples’ routine. (Eric P. S. Baumer, Shion Guha, Emily
Quan, David Mimno, and Geri K. Gay,
2015)
4. AmandeepDhirab, PuneetKaurbc, and
RistoRajalab have
highlighted the crucial need to examine the determinants of user purposes to
share their privacy on social networking sites. A rising segment of the content
in social media is pictorial, including Photographs and videos, which users can
share by tagging. To advance the understanding of the determinants of social
media users’ behavioural intention to share content, this research examines why
individuals tag others in their posts. The research inspects the role of
practice, enabling conditions, common influence, effort, hope, performance
anticipation, social attendance, social status, and self-efficacy in
manipulating the user purposes to engross in photo-tagging. (AmandeepDhirab, PuneetKaurbc, and RistoRajalab, 2018)
5. Beth T. Bell found that there has been an
increase in the quantity and the number of images shaped, shared and observed
across social media. Thirty-five adolescents from the United Kingdom, joined in
semi-structured peer groups. Three teams were resulting from the data: Giving
and Viewing Informally and Materially Attractive Selves, Continuing Offline
Relationships, and The Reputation of Noticeable Quantifiable Feedback. (Beth T. Bell, 2019)
6. David
G Taylor through this research examines the effects of vanity, envy and
self-importance on travellers’ sharing of travel-related pictures of themselves
through social media, based upon social contract theory. Data was composed via
an online survey of 674 travellers. Furthermore, the study tells that as social
media usage rises, so do points of narcissism and envy. (David G Taylor, 2012)
7. Lael M Yonker;
Shiyi Zan ;Christina V Scirica;Kamal Jethwani ; T Bernard Kinane
found that Social media have emerged as a possibly a powerful medium for
interaction with youngsters and young teenagers. The goal of this organized
review is to pinpoint research on the usage of social media for networking with
adolescents and teenage adults in order to accomplish positive health
results.The behaviour in which networking sites was used by these studies
comprised of observing teenage and young adult performance, providing health
fitness information , fetching the adolescent and youngster community talking
about common health topics like high-risk sexual behaviours , alcohol,
nicotine, and other drug abuse , Internet safety , mental strength issues ,
medical circumstances , or other definite issues . (Lael M Yonker; Shiyi Zan; Christina V Scirica;Kamal Jethwani; T
Bernard Kinane, 2015)
8. Gwenn Schurgin O'Keeffe, Kathleen
Clarke-Pearson and
Council on Communications and Media found that using networking web sites is
between the most frequent activity of today's kids and adolescents. Such
networking sites offer today's young adults a portal for fun and interaction
and have nurtured exponentially in current years. (Gwenn Schurgin O'Keeffe, Kathleen Clarke-Pearson, 2011)
9. Robert Crosnoe and Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson with Current methodological
innovations have led empirical research on youth to do a better integrity than
theoretical versions. This review includes the status of modern study on
youngsters' bodily, psychological, personal, and functional pathways which
connects within the central environmental contexts, and how societal
stratification and historic change in social media. It also highlights three
potential challenges, with efforts to explain biosocial processes, link youth
to other life times, and accounts for the effect of foremost social changes. (Robert Crosnoe and Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, 2011)
10.
Megan A. Moreno,Allison Grant, Lauren Kacvinsky , Katie G. Egan & Michael
F. Fleming, investigated the college freshman's opinions towards
prospective social networking sites viewing or involvement attempts concerning
alcohol. Most of the participants testified that they considered the shown
alcohol content in social media as suggestive of alcohol use.
In this
research, they found that the typical number of liquors mentioned per profile
was 8.5
but rose
with undergraduate students. Undergraduates who were of permissible drinking
stage referenced alcohol 4.5 times more than callow students, and an upsurge in
number of Facebook pals was linked with an escalation in exhibited alcohol
mentions. (Megan A. Moreno,Allison
Grant, Lauren Kacvinsky , Katie G. Egan & Michael F. Fleming, 2011)
11. Ward van Zoonen, Joost W.M.
Verhoeven, Rens Vliegenthart study showed that around the networking sites there is a
dark surface to social media use, as members of staff's work-associated social
media usage might be invasive to their private lives while concurrently
escalating life to work struggle. (Ward
van Zoonen, Joost W.M. Verhoeven, Rens Vliegenthart, 2011)
12. Laura E.
Buffardi, W. Keith Campbell presented a research examining how
self-absorption is exhibited on a social interaction in these Websites.
Egotistical personality from self-reports remained collected from public
networking Web site owners, who are basically foreigners. Finally, outsiders
viewed the Network pages and graded their idea of the holder on agentic
qualities, shared traits, and narcissism. The analyses uncovered that numerous
Network page content includes that were prominent in ratters’ egotistical
thoughts of the holders, including extent of social communication, main
photograph self-publicity, and main photo attraction. (Laura E. Buffardi, W. Keith Campbell, 2012)
13. John A. Bargh, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna,
Grainne M. Fitzsimons
found that those who feel improved when they are able to convey their true
nature on the Internet instead of direct interaction situations are more
expected to form closer connections with individuals met on the Internet.
Experiments were conducted, utilizing a response time task, the authors have
found that for college undergraduates, the true?self-belief is more available
in remembrance through Internet connections, and the genuine self-more
comprehensible during confrontational interactions. (John A. Bargh, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna, Grainne M. Fitzsimons, 2008)
14.
Savci Mustafa; Aysan Ferda through Young's Internet Obsession Test-Short Form,
Social Media Addiction Disorder Scale, Digital Game Addiction Scale, and
Personal Information Form were utilized as data compilation tools. In adding
on, it has been concluded
that the
deepest effect on societal connectedness is from Internet obsession shadowed by
social media addiction, digital game dependence, and smartphone addiction
correspondingly. ( Savci Mustafa; Aysan
Ferda, 2017)
15.
Sonia Livingstone found that, fresher teenagers elate the chances to
recreate unceasingly a highly adorned, stylistically intricate identity, older
teenagers choose a simple aesthetic that centres their ties to others, thus
voicing a notion of individuality lived all through reliable relations. The
article contrasts adolescents' graded view of `friends with the dual
categorization of social interacting sites, Being one of numerous means by
which virtual confidentiality is shaped and damaged by the likeness of these
sites. (Sonia Livingstone, 2008)
16. Elisheva F.Gross conceives that as the adolescent
Cyberspace raised exponentially in the previous decade, with it emerged a sum
of author expectations. These hopes were founded on investigation with previous
technologies when the Cyberspace was less dim in the adolescent populace. By
means of vastly detailed daily intelligences of teen-agers' home Net usage and
peer-related change, the present investigation wanted to compare these
expectations with the definite experiences of initial and mid-adolescents in
2000 and 2001. No relations were found among the Internet usage and well-being
of adolescence. Online pretending was testified to be interested by a desire to
show a joke on groups of friends and families more often than to discover an
anticipated or future identity, but contestants reported a range of pretending
texts, contexts, and motives. (Elisheva
F.Gross, 2004)
17. Ian Hutchby In found that in contrast to the
current sociological importance on the social influence of the technological
world, though this article proposes and exemplifies a way of analysing the
technical shaping of sociability. The dispute is set in the theoretical
situation of one of the utmost recent and complete reports of
anti-existentialism. (Ian Hutchbyln,
2001)
18. GS O'Keeffe, K Clarke-Pearson found that by means of social media
Web sites are flanked by the most mutual activity of today's kids and
adolescents. Such sites suggest today's adolescence a gateway for entertainment
and communication between friends and families and have increased exponentially
in fresh years. (GS O'Keeffe, K
Clarke-Pearson, 2011)
19. Nazir S. Hawi, Maya Samaha through this research says the use of
social media has increased exponentially to the level of winning close to one
third of the earth’s human population as of January 2016. In fact, social media
data have been broadcasting an typical annual increase of 10% in total number
of users. In this study is an effort to contribute to the information that is
structured in relation to this problem by examining the associations among the
addictive use of social media, confidence, and fulfilment with life. (Nazir S. Hawi, Maya Samaha, 2016)
20. Valkenburg, P.
M., Peter, J., Schouten, A. P conducted a cross sectional with school-based
inspection study of 14–17-year-old teenagers in the European countries. The
purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of Cyberspace addictive
behaviour and connected psychosocial appearances among youngsters in different
countries. The two groups mutually form a set of adolescents by means of
dysfunctional Internet behaviour. (Valkenburg,
P. M., Peter, J., Schouten, A. P, 2006)
21. Kimberly S. Young through this study investigated the
presence of Internet addiction and the range of problems caused by such
possible misuse. So, in this study developed a brief questionnaire denoted to
as a Diagnostic Questionnaire, which altered criteria for uncontrolled gambling
to deliver a screening instrument for cataloguing of partakers. (Kimberly S. Young, 2009)
22. Rubathee Nadaraja, Rashad Yazdanifard found that in the current years,
social media has become universal and most significant for communal networking,
content input and connected access. Advertising which occurs through social
media is recognized as social media marketing. Also, social media promotion
also faces numerous trials in the field.
(Rubathee Nadaraja, Rashad Yazdanifard ,
2014)
Hypotheses
H0: There is no significant relationship between the
gender of the respondents and their opinion on the use of privacy issues in
using social media.
Ha: There is a significant relationship between the
gender of the respondents and their opinion on the use of privacy issues in
using social media.
H0: There is no significant relation between the
educational qualification, Occupation and the time people spend on social
media.
Ha: There is a significant relation between the educational
qualification and the time people spend on social media.
H0: There is no significant relation between the place
of living and the use of social media.
Ha: There is a significant relation between the place of
living and the use of social media.
H0: There is no significant relation
between the frequency of getting bullied through fake accounts and the time of
use in social media.
Ha: There is a significant relation
between the frequency of getting bullied through fake accounts and the time of
use in social media.
Methodology
A non-doctrinal research method using the
convenient sampling method. This study has both primary and secondary data,
Primary data was collected through convenience sampling, from a well-structured
questionnaire convenience sampling, the sample size of the research is 134. The
secondary data was taken from many journals. The independent variables
considered in the study are age, gender, occupation, education and the place of
living of the respondents and the dependent variable is their opinion on
privacy issues related to social media. This study used percentages, graphs,
charts and chi-square tests for a meaningful analysis.
Analysis
FIGURE 1
Legend:
Figure 1 represents the
overall age groups of the sample population, who were selected through the
convenience sampling method, regarding the usage of social media
FIGURE 2
Legend:
Figure 2 represents the
place of living of the sample population, who were selected through the
convenience sampling method, regarding the usage of social media.
FIGURE 3
Legend:
Figure 3 represents the
overall educational qualification of the sample population, who were selected
through the convenience sampling method, regarding the time management
with social media. FIGURE 4
Legend:
Figure 4 represents the
possible occupation of the sample population, who were selected through the
convenience sampling method, regarding the use of social media.
FIGURE 5
Legend:
Figure 5 represents the
gender of the people, who were selected through the convenience sampling
method, regarding the use of social
media.
FIGURE 6
Legend:
Figure 6 represents the
gender of the sample population and the cumulative time people spent in social media.
FIGURE 7
Legend:
Figure 7 represents the
occupation of the sample population and the cumulative time people spent in
social media.
FIGURE 8
Legend:
Figure 8 represents the
educational qualification of the sample population and the cumulative time
people spent in social media.
FIGURE 9
Legend:
Figure 9 represents the
place of living of the sample population and the cumulative time they spent in
social media.
FIGURE 10
Legend:
Figure 10 represents the
diverse age groups of the sample population and the cumulative time people
spent in social media.
FIGURE 11
Legend:
Figure 11 represents the
times when the sample population came across fake accounts and been bullied
with the cumulative time people spent in social media.
Figure 12
Legend:
The graph shows various reasons for
using social media by various respondents.
Table 1
|
|
|||
|
|
Value
|
df
|
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
|
|
Pearson Chi-Square
|
137.155a
|
10
|
.000
|
|
Likelihood Ratio
|
13.957
|
10
|
.175
|
|
N of Valid Cases
|
135
|
|
|
|
Legend:
Table 1 represents the
correlation between the gender and the time the respondents spend in social
media nationwide.
|
|||
Table 2
|
|
|||
|
|
Value
|
df
|
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
|
|
Pearson Chi-Square
|
176.815a
|
30
|
.000
|
|
Likelihood Ratio
|
34.884
|
30
|
.247
|
|
N of Valid Cases
|
135
|
|
|
|
Legend:
Table 2 represents the
correlation between the educational qualification and occupation of the
respondents and the time the
respondents spend in social media nationwide.
|
|||
Table 3
|
|
|||
|
|
Value
|
df
|
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
|
|
Pearson Chi-Square
|
145.226a
|
15
|
.000
|
|
Likelihood Ratio
|
21.742
|
15
|
.115
|
|
N of Valid Cases
|
135
|
|
|
|
Legend:
Table 3 represents the
correlation between the place of living of the respondents and the time the
respondents spend in social media nationwide.
|
|||
|
Table 4
|
|||
|
|
Value
|
df
|
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
|
|
Pearson Chi-Square
|
145.226a
|
15
|
.000
|
|
Likelihood Ratio
|
21.742
|
15
|
.115
|
|
N of Valid Cases
|
135
|
|
|
|
Legend:
Table 4 represents the
correlation between the personal information of the respondents taken away
and the time the respondents spend in social media nationwide.
|
|||
Results:
Pie chart showing the distribution of various
age groups and 56.72% of the total respondents were of 15-20, 11.19% of the
total respondents belonged to 21-25, 5.9% of the total respondents were of
21-25, 5.9% of the total respondents belonged to 26-30, 7.46% of the total
respondents were of 31-35, 9.70% of the total respondents were of 36-40, 5.22% of the total respondents were
of 40-45, 2.24 of the total respondents
were of 45-50, 1.59% of the total respondents were of the age 50, and above. (fig.1)
Pie chart showing the dispersal of
respondents, 86.57% of the respondents were from cities, 8.96% of the
respondents were from towns, and 4.48 % of the respondents were from the
villages of India. (fig.2)
Pie chart showing the diverse educational
qualification of the respondents as 3.73% of the respondents were from the
diploma, 29.10% were from the Higher Secondary School, 14.93% had Post
Graduate, 12.69% were from the Professional Degree, 2.99% were Secondary
schoolers, 36.57% were from the Undergraduate section. (fig.3)
Pie charts showing
various types of occupation of the respondents with 58.96% were the Student,
15.6% were Professionals, 1.49% were from the Government Sector, 18.66% were
from the Private Sector, 5.22% were Self-employed/ doing business. (fig.4)
Pie chart depicting the
gender of the respondents and also 50.75% were male respondents and 49.25% were
female and no transgender. (fig.5)
The chart shows that
there is a significant relation the bar graph tells that there is a significant
relation, since 22.22% of the female respondents use 1-2 hours of social media,
10.37% 3-5 hours of social media, 7.41% use 5-10 hours of social media, and
7.41% of female respondents use less than an hour, 1.48% of female student
female students use more than 10 hours.
The bar graph shows that
19.26% of the male population use 1-2 hours of social media, 16.30% of the male
respondents use 3-5 hours of social media, 6.67% of the male respondents use
about 5-10 hours of social networking sites,6.67%of the male respondents use
social media less than an hour and 1.48% of male respondents use more than
10hours of social media. (fig.6)
The bar graph shows that 0.75% of
the respondents, who work in the government sector use about 1-2 hours of
social media.
0.75% of the respondents,
who work in the government sector use about 3-5 hours of social media. The bar
graph tells that no respondent uses social media more than 5 hours and less
than an hour. 7.46% of the Respondents, who work in the private sector use
abo1-2 hours and 4.48% of the respondents use 3-5 hours of social media.
Moreover, 0.75% of the respondents who have a job in the private sector use
about 5-10 hours of scrolling in social media. About 5.97% of the respondents
in private sector category uses less than an hour of social networking sites.
6.72% of the respondents, who are Professionals use about 1-2 hours, 5.22% of
the respondents, who are professionals use about 3-5 hours of social networking
sites. 1.49% of the respondents, who are Professionals use about 5-10 hours and
2.24% of the respondents, who are Professionals use less than an hour of social
media. No professional degree holder uses more than 10 hours of social media.
Moreover, 2.24% and 0.75% of the self-employed
respondents use about 1-2 hours and less than a hour respectively. Whereas
about2.24% use 3-5 hours and no one from the self-employed respondents use more
than 5 hours of social media daily. Coming to the students, 24.63% use about
1-2 hours, 14.18% use 3-5 hours, 11.94% use 5-10 hours 5.22% of them use less
than an hour, but 2.99% of students use more than 10 hours of social media. (fig.7)
About 1.49% of diploma holders use about 1-2
hours, 1.49% use 3-5 hours 0.75% use 5-10 hours and no respondents doing their
diploma use less than an hour and more than 10 hours of social media. 14.18%of
high schoolers scroll about 1-2 hours, 7.46%, 5.22%, 1.49%, and 0.75% of respondents who go to high school use
about 3-5 hours, 5-10 hours, less than an hour, and more than 10 hours respectively.
6.72%, 2.99%, 1.49%, 3.73% of the post graduate respondents use 1-2 hours, 3-5
hours, 5-10 hours, and less than an hour of social media respectively. No post
graduate respondent uses more than 10 hours of social media. Moreover, 5.22%,
4.48%, 0.75%, 2.24%, of the respondents, who are professionals use about 1-2
hours, 3-5 hours, 5-10 hours, and less than an hour respectively. No one from
the professional part uses more than 10 hours for scrolling in social media.
Also, 0.75% and 0.75% of respondents, who are in secondary school goers use 1-2
hours, and 3-5 hours of social media. 1.49% of the respondents, who are from
the secondary school category use more than 10 hours of social media and no one
uses less than an hour of social media. 13.43%, 9.70%, 5.97%, 6.72%, and
0.75% of the responses were from the
undergraduate students, who use 1-2 hours, 3-5 hours, 5-10 hours, less than an
hour, more than 10 hours of social media.
(fig.8)
37.31%, 20.90%, 13.43%,
12.69%, and 2.24% of the respondents were from cities, who use 1-2 hours, 3-5
hours, 5-10 hours, less than an hour, and more than 10 hours of social media
respectively. 2.24%, 1.48%, 0.75%, and 0.49% of the respondents from towns use
1-2 hours, 3-5 hours, 5-10 hours, less than an hour, respectively. No
respondent from town uses more than 10 hours to scroll in social media. 2.24%,
1.49%, of the respondents residing in the villages use 1-2 hours, 3-5 hours,
respectively. About 0.75% of the respondents in the villages use more than 10
hours of social media. No respondents from the village use 5-10 hours and less
than an hour of social media. (fig.9)
27.37%, 13.43%, 9.70%,
5.22%, and 2.99% of the respondents, who are from 15-20 age group use 1-2
hours, 3-5 hours, 5-10 hours, less than an hour, and more than 10 hours of
social networking sites during their precious time. 0.75%, 7.46%, and 2.99% of
the respondents were from the age group of 21-25, and they use about 1-2 hours,
3-5 hours, 5-10 hours of social media. No one from this age group uses the extremes,
that is not even less than an hour and more than 10 hours of social media.
1.49%, 2.99%, and 1.49% of the respondents were from the age group of 26-30,
and they use 1-2 hours, 3-5 hours, and less than an hour of social networking
sites respectively. No one from this age group uses more than 5 hours of social
media. 2.24%, 3.73%, 0.75%, 0.75% of the respondents are from the age group of
31-35, and use about less than an hour, 1-2 hours, 3-5 hours, 5-10 hours of
social media respectively. No one from this age group uses more than 10 hours
with social media. 2.24%, 5.22%, 1.49% 0.75%, are respondents from the age
group of 36-40 and use about less than an hour, 1-2 hours, 3-5 hours, 5-10
hours of social media respectively. No one from this age group uses more than
10 hours with social media. 1.49%, 2.99%, and 0.75% are from the age group of
40-45 and use less than an hour, 1-2 hours, 3-5 hours respectively. No one from
this age group uses more than 5 hours of social networking sites. 1.49%, and
0.75% are from the age group of 45-50, and use less than an hour, 1-2 hours of
social media. Moreover, they don't use more than 2 hours of social networking
sites. 1.49% of the respondents were from the age group of 50 and above and use
about 1-2 hours of social media. (fig.10)
About 11.19%, 21.64%,
11.19%, and 5.22% of the respondents have never been a victim of being bullied
and came across fake accounts, and use less than an hour, 1-2 hours, 3-5 hours,
5-10 hours of social media respectively. No one from this case uses more than
10hours of social media. 1.49%, 14.93%, 10.45%, 3.73%, and 1.49% of the
respondents have been a
victim of being bullied
and came across fake accounts and about 1-2 times, and use less than an hour,
1-2 hours, 3-5 hours, 5-10 hours, and more than 10 hours of social media
respectively. 1.49%, 0.75%, and 0.75% of the respondents have been a victim of
being bullied and came across fake accounts for 3-5 times, 1-2 hours, 3-5
hours, 5-10 hours, respectively. No one was from the group less than an hour,
and above 5 hours. 1.49%, 3.73%, 4.48%, and 0.75% of the respondents have been
a victim of being bullied and came across fake accounts for more than 5 times,
and use less than an hour, 1-2 hours, 3-5 hours, 5-10 hours, and more than 10
hours of social media respectively.
(fig.11)
5.97% of the respondents
use social media for blogs and official pages, 3.73% of the respondents use
social media for getting new friends, when they are bored, 11.19% of the
respondents use social media for connected with hobbies and interest, 6.72% of
the respondents use social media for gaining knowledge about the current
updates on the celebrities, athletes, and politicians. 53.73% of the
respondents use social media for being connected with friends and families.
11.94% of the respondents use social media for filling their free time with
funny and entertaining stuff. 2.24% of the respondents use social media for
learning new talent and recipes. 4.48% of the respondents use social media for
sharing their opinions, and post their videos and pictures. (fig.12)
The Pearson Chi-Square
value is approximately 0.00, which is less than 0.05, therefore rejecting the
null hypotheses, telling that there is a relationship between the gender and
the fact that they will subscribe to money for streaming its content.
(tab.1)
The Pearson Chi-Square
value is approximately 0.335, which is more than 0.05, therefore accepting the
null hypothesis, telling that there is a relation between the age of the respondents and the fact that
they use hacked apps, which stream the same OTT contents and websites.
(tab.2)
The Pearson Chi-Square
value is approximately 0.00, which is less than 0.05, therefore rejecting the
null hypotheses, telling that there is a relation between place of living of
the respondents and the time they spent in social media. (tab.3)
The Pearson Chi-Square
value is approximately 0.013, which is less than 0.05, therefore rejecting the
null hypotheses, telling that there is a relation between the opinion about the
private information of the respondents and the time they spent in social media. (tab.4)
Discussion
Respondents fitting to the age group
of 15-20 years have revealed a higher usage of their time in social media than
other age groups. This is because as a fresher generation, they have improved
and modernised themselves with the restructured expertise. It's also found that
even due to peer pressure teenagers and young adults start using social media. (fig.1) Respondents from the cities
are more because the research took place in the city and due to the network
problem, the questionnaire was not able to reach the respondents in the towns
and villages.(fig.2) Many
respondents were from the Undergraduate, because the method was convenience
sampling.(fig.3) Students were of
majority because they fall under the teenage category, and the respondents were
of crucial element to this research.(fig.4).
Male respondents were high due to the convenience sampling method, but for the
hypothesis testing, stratified random sampling was used. (fig.5). It's evident that males use more social media than females
and from the chi-square test too and scientifically it's proven that males are
more addicted to social networking sites than females. (fig.6). Students use social media more than any other working
respondents, since they have more free time than the working people relatively.
(fig.7). Respondents from the Higher
secondary and Undergraduate part use more social media, as stressbuster. (fig.8). Respondents from cities use
even more social networks due to their enhanced and developed internet
connection than respondents from towns and villages of India.(fig.9) Respondents of the age group
15-20 belong to the teenage and are the young adults, who are scientifically
proven to use more and different types of social media.(fig.10) More time the respondents spend in social media, the more
vulnerable they become to coming across fake accounts and being bullied. (fig.11) People use social media to be
connected with their distant friends and family, so it's like a vicious circle
and never ending. (fig.12) Men use
more social media to find more acceptable and virtual relationships online and
is scientifically proven fact too.(tab.1)
People, who do a professional degree or work or take up a time consuming
job, they spend less time with social networking sites.(tab.2) Due to network problems, and low bandwidth of the internet
most of the people from the towns and the villages don't use social media.(tab.3) More time the users of these
apps spend, the more personal information is shared between other networking
sites too.(tab.4)
Limitations:
Due to COVID-19 Pandemic lockdown, data from
many samples were not easily available. Moreover Social media is a universal
problem and a study based on teenagers should be more informative than adding
people of many age groups. With 134 as the sample size, generalisation will be
more rejected for the entire population of
India.
Conclusion
Based on the study, it’s evident that most of
the teenagers spend their time and the personal information is lost too without
the users’ permission. Without the consideration of the age groups everyone
uses social media, but with a control in their time, if they are working in any
sectors. The users’ reasons differ but it was found that most of them chose
social media because to connect with their family and friends, making a link
and a continuous cycle in the respondent’s lives. Teenagers use these
networking sites as their stress buster, which the parents allow for a limited
use on their watch.
Many troubles can be solved or started from
social media. Moreover, it is the duty of the user to accept and follow the
guidelines of these networking sites. Therefore, social media is a boon and
bane at the same time, and it's only in the hands of the user not to think
privately and upload information that could affect the society.
References
1.
AE
Marwick, D Boyd, 2014,
Networked privacy: How teenagers negotiate context in social media,Journal of the American Medical Informatics
Association, Volume: 16 issue: 7, pp:
1051-1067.
2· Maja van der Velden and Khaled El Emam, 2011, “Not all my friends
need to know”: a qualitative study of teenage patients, privacy, and social
media,Journal of the American Medical
Informatics Association, Volume 20, Issue 1, pp:16–24.
3· Eric P. S. Baumer, Shion Guha,et.al,
2015, Missing Photos, Suffering Withdrawal, or Finding Freedom? How Experiences
of Social Media Non-Use Influence the Likelihood of Reversion,Social Media + Society, Volume 1, Issue
2, pp:32-46 ,
4· AmandeepDhirab, PuneetKaurbc,
et.al, 2018, Why do young people tag photos on social networking sites? Explaining user
intentions, International Journal of
Information Management, Volume
38, Issue 1, pp. 201-216, DOI:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0268401217302396#!
5· Beth T. Bell, 2019, You take fifty
photos, delete forty nine and use one”: A qualitative study of adolescent
image-sharing practices on social media, International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, Volume 20, Issue 20, Pp: 64-71,
DOI:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212868918300424
6· David G Taylor,2012, Putting the “self”
in selfies: how narcissism, envy and self-promotion motivate sharing of travel
photos through social media
, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,
Volume 37,Issue 1, pp:64-77,
7· Lael M Yonker; Shiyi Zan, et.al, 2015,
“Friending” Teens: Systematic Review of Social Media in Adolescent and Young
Adult Health Care, J Med Internet,
volume 17, issue 1, pp:439-460, DOI-https://www.jmir.org/2015/1/e4/
8· Gwenn Schurgin O'Keeffe, Kathleen
Clarke-Pearson, et.al, 2011, The Impact of Social Media on Children,
Adolescents, and Families, the American
Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Reports, Volume 127, Issue 4, pp: 800-804, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0054
9· Robert Crosnoe and Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, 2011,
Research on Adolescence in the Twenty-First Century,Annu Rev Sociol, Volume37, Issue 1,, pp:439-460.
10· Egan KG, Moreno MA, 2011, Alcohol
references on undergraduate males' Facebook profiles, Am J Mens Health, Volume 5, Issue 5, pp:413-420.
11· Ward van Zoonen, Joost W.M. Verhoeven,
et.al, 2011, Social media’s dark side: inducing boundary conflicts, Journal of Managerial Psychology,
Volume 31, Issue 8, pp: 245-264,
12· Buffardi, L. E., Campbell, W. K., 2008,
Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites,
Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, Volume 34,
Issue 1, pp:2062-2086, DOI-https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208320061
13· John A. Bargh Katelyn Y. A. McKenn, et.al, 2008, Can You See the Real
Me? Activation and Expression of the “True Self” on the Internet, Journal of social issues,Volume 58,
Issue 1, pp:33-48.
14· Savci, Mustafa; Aysan Ferda, 2017, Technological Addictions and
Social Connectedness: Predictor Effect of Internet Addiction, Social Media
Addiction, Digital Game Addiction and Smartphone Addiction on Social
Connectedness, Journal of Psychiatry
& Neurological Sciences, Volume 30, Issue 3, pp:202-216.
15· sonia livingstone, 2008, Taking risky
opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers' use of social networking
sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression, New media & society, Volume 10, Issue 3, pp:393-411,
16· Elisheva F.Gross,2004, Adolescent Internet use: What we expect, what
teens report, Journal of Applied
Developmental Psychology, Volume 25, Issue 6, pp: 633-649
17· Ian Hutchby In, 2001, Technologies,
Texts and Affordances, Sociology,
Volume: 35 issue: 2, pp: 441-456, DOI- https://doi.org/10.1177/S0038038501000219
18· GS O'Keeffe, K Clarke-Pearson, 2011, The
Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families,Pediatrics, Volume 127, Issue 4,
pp:800-804, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0054
19· Nazir S. Hawi, Maya Samaha, 2016, The
Relations Among Social Media Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction in
University Students,
Social Science Computer Review, Volume 35, Issue 5, pp: 576-586,
DOI- https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316660340
20· Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J.,
et.al, 2006, Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents’ well-being and social
self-esteem, CyberPsychology &
Behavior, Volume 9, Issue 5, pp:
584–590
21· Kimberly S. Young, 2009, Internet
Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder, CyberPsychology & Behavior, Volume 1, Issue 3, pp:237–244.
22· Rubathee Nadaraja, Rashad Yazdanifard,
2013, SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES, Center of Southern New Hampshire report, DOI:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256296291_Social_Media_Marketing_SOCIAL_MEDIA_MARKETING_ADVANTAGES_AND_DISADVANTAGES
Article Information
Public Opinion On Social Media With Special Reference To The Teenagers’ Privacy In India (By- L. Pragadi & Malan. K)
Authors: L. Pragadi, Malan. K
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2022/09/26
- Volume 2
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Access Open Access
- License CC 4.0
All research articles published in International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis are open access and available to read, download and share, subject to proper citation of the original work.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis.