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FORENSIC SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATION IN CRIME DETECTION BY – SATULURI TRIVENI
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AUTHRED
BY –
SATULURI TRIVENI
ABSTRACT
The contemporary state of research is rapidly
expanding, thanks in large part to forensic science, which uses scientific
techniques to produce impartial, circumstantial evidence. Thus, the logical
proof is provided to an ever-increasing extent, but it also becomes more and
more specialized, and it is frequently becoming less and less plausible to
non-researchers. The phrase "forensic science" refers to a broad
field of research that involves many other scientific disciplines and spans
almost all medical specialties. A combination of common sense and prior
knowledge from obstetrics, surgery, and other medical specializations is
required. The discipline of forensic science has grown dramatically during the
past 25 years, leading to important scientific developments (DNA typing,
databases of physical evidence, and related scientific instruments). Due to a
lack of funding, forensic procedures are rarely applied in most criminal
investigations. Studies on the costs of DNA testing and how it affects the
settlement of cold cases and property crimes have become more in-depth.
However, no studies have examined the entirety of the physical evidence as well
as how cases are processed by the criminal court system. Examination of the
evidence may help the investigative team determine how a crime was
committed.
The study's focus will be on the role of
forensic science in criminal justice. Additionally, forensic science will be
presented in connection to criminology as a whole; it will not concentrate on
any specific scientific sector or criminal activity. Additionally, forensics
specialists and other expert witnesses whose evidence can be trusted by a court
are included in the research. Recent studies have indicated a substantial
tendency in the conviction of innocent people. Furthermore, it is impossible to
ignore or dispute this phenomenon. Due to their special experience, specialists
currently hold a significant position in the area. The research project will
cover the comparable value of quantifiable science in criminal legislation and
its influence on people. In a modern context, it refers to something having to
do with the law or courts. Measurable science hence references the use of
logical principles and regulatory cycles. To put it another way, forensic science
is the use of information and techniques from numerous scientific disciplines,
including physics, biology, chemistry, pharmacy, anthropology, archaeology, and
psychology, in judicial proceedings. Law and science do not get along very
well. But they have come together to work for justice. Forensic science is
useful in both civil and criminal investigations. Whether or not the evidence
was found at the crime scene, it is taken to labs for analysis utilizing a
range of technologies and
methodologies. This type of evidence analysis is
made feasible by forensic science and its several subfields.
I. INTRODUCTION
Studying and applying science to legal
situations is one approach to defining forensic science. The relationship
between science and law creates new possibilities for discovering the truth.
The word "forensic" comes from the Latin word "forum,"
which refers to a public forum where Roman senators and other people discussed
and conducted legal processes. The origin of the word "forensic" is
the word "forensic." Investigation of crime scenes and the gathering
of evidence for a court case are tasks carried out by forensic science, a
multidisciplinary profession. Forensic science techniques are used to assess if
international agreements concerning WMD are accepted. In the past, the main
disciplines used in forensic science were biology, chemistry, and medicine.
Subfields of forensic science have grown over time, including toxicology, cyber
forensics, handwriting, fingerprinting, ballistics, anthropology, geology,
forensic engineering, and penology. Forensic scientists analyse items,
materials, chemicals (paints, explosives, toxins), tissue traces (hair, skin),
imprints (fingerprints or tidemarks), and materials (such as blood or drug
samples) left at the crime scene. Forensic experts are a crucial source of
information for both national and international criminal processes. Mass grave
knowledge is not an exception: Trials and decisions of the ad hoc tribunals
have used information from exams and exhumations. The fact of the situation is
that comparatively speaking, not many professionals are well equipped to apply
science to every day, criminal, and familial legitimate difficulties.
II. RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this essay is to examine the use
of forensic science in criminal investigations and its role in preserving
social order. Additionally, this research clarifies how forensic science
connects medical and legal scientists. Some crimes have existed since the dawn
of humanity or have always existed. The concept of crime and the methods that
criminals employ to commit crimes have undergone significant change because of
advances in science and technology. Police detectives can no longer rely on
sophisticated criminals' time-honoured techniques
of questioning, source development, and surveillance to find crimes. However,
the cunning criminal has been quick to use science as a weapon in his crimes.
The development of forensic science is relevant in this situation because a
civilized society cannot tolerate the brutal and painful methods of crime
detection. The police inquiry has no other choices in these situations besides
the evolving science. Its improvement has been a tremendous help to the legal
and police departments.
III. ROLE OF FORENSIC
SCIENCE IN CRIME DETECTION
Today, forensic science plays a significant role
in the legal system. It plays a significant but generally ignored role.
Everything discovered at a crime scene, including fingerprints, blood splatter,
DNA samples, injuries, and a lot more, tells a tale that can be pieced together
according to forensic science. Without forensic science, criminals would go
unpunished, and it would be very challenging to find them guilty. Forensic
science can prove the existence of a crime, the identity of the perpetrator of
a crime, or a connection to the crime through the examination of physical
evidence, the administration of tests, the interpretation of data, clear and
concise reporting, and the truthful testimony of a forensic scientist.
Regarding the claimed crime, it answers the "who, what, when, where, and
how" questions.
It can be utilized by both the defense and the
prosecution to prove the accused's innocence. On the one hand, the prosecution
can use it to prove the accused's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. One method
used to catch infamous serial killer Ted Bundy was bite marks.
Tommie Lee Andrews was identified by a victim in
a line-up, two fingerprints left on a victim's window, and the same blood type
left at each incident after a serial rapist scared 23 women in Orlando in 1987.
Using DNA testing on death row inmates, Illinois Governor George Ryan
discovered that 13 of the 25 prisoners may be set free in 1998. 2010 saw the
conviction of Baptist minister Matt Baker for killing his wife. The genuine
crime, which was previously thought to be a suicide, was revealed after looking
through Baker's search history. He had looked up "overdosing on sleeping
drugs" and visited several pharmaceutical websites before his wife passed
away. The DNA analysis of the skull and burned muscle discovered at the scene
allowed for the identification of the self-destructive aircraft responsible for
the killing of the previous head of state Rajiv Gandhi.
To fully understand the horrifying crime in the
Nithari case, hundreds of bones and skeletal remains were studied, and the
accused underwent psychoanalysis. Because there were no eyewitnesses, forensic
evidence was essential to cracking the sensational Neeraj Grover murder case.
The skeletal bones discovered in a forest close to the Raigad area were
identified as Sheena Boras through DNA testing. With the use of forensic
science, the 2017 gang rape and murder of Kotkhai, which shook India, was
substantially solved.
IV. FINDINGS &
CONCLUSION
Following design considerations, the morphing
UAV wing model is created in Solid works, imported into Ansys/Static
Structural, and put under various loadings. According to the aerodynamic lift
load study, the loading and deflection over have both been computed. The
findings demonstrate that the loads on the extended portion significantly
affect the wing, with the extended section's tip experiencing the most
deflection. Additionally, the moment force causes the deflection to increase
further, as seen by the applied moment loading in one instance. Additionally,
the anxiety levels increased at the pivoting joints connecting two wing
regions. The wing's maximum and minimum amounts of stress are estimated using
Von Misses stress. Their differences are seen in the way that anxiousness
takes. Deflection and stress levels are shown as colored outlines, from lowest
to greatest. They are shown next to one another. The wing structure's best
analysis satisfies the demands for strength and stability.
Forensic science is the application of
scientific methods, procedures, and techniques and is "directed to the
recognition, identification, individualization, and evaluation of physical
evidence via the application of the natural sciences to law-science concerns."
It has numerous subfields, including geography, medicine, brain research,
material science, and more. Nevertheless, a few people have adopted the broad
stance that, independent of the subspecialization, "forensic science
comprises the application of scientific concepts and methodologies to the
appraisal of evidence." Because it involves the scientific investigation
of evidence, forensic science plays a significant role in the justice systems
of many nations. The importance of forensic evidence in the prosecution of criminal
cases is acknowledged by the law. Scientific methods can produce convincing
evidence for identifying and establishing illegal behavior when they are used
properly and without bias. International criminal cases frequently include
several older, less advanced techniques in addition to DNA testing, which
continues to receive strong court support. Perhaps the earliest forensic
technique is finger and palm print identification, which dates to the Chinese
around 650 A.D.
Défense attorneys regularly use forensic
evidence to convict and exonerate defendants. As a result, there are now much
more crime labs than there were a few decades ago. Unique demonstrations have
been requested in the US, Canada, UK, and Australia to advance the legal system
and increase the conviction rate by making it easier to identify crime with
certainty. They put more an emphasis on managing crime scenes quickly and
effectively. The first authorized crime laboratory in India was founded in
1878. Currently, there are around 35 faulty labs in the nation that are
restricted to certain types of confirmations. The number of crime laboratories
has increased because of the constantly developing and growing field of
forensic science as well as the crucial role that forensic evidence plays in
many criminal cases.
This rapidly evolving area puts increased
pressure on law enforcement organizations to properly gather evidence. The news
media highlights mistakes committed when finding, identifying, securing,
handling, and presenting forensic evidence in addition to how important
forensic science evidence is in high-profile cases. Professor Margot contends
that forensic science must be used in law enforcement's investigative
processes. The scientist needs full control of the scene and access to case
information to choose prospective findings. Expert witness testimony is a
valuable source of information in international criminal procedures, and mass
grave forensic scientific expertise is no exception: The trials and rulings of
the ad hoc tribunals have incorporated the results of investigations and
exhumations. Even while national legal systems have studied the connection
between law and science, the Court's use of a mixed system provides an old
issue and a fresh setting. An officer who has obtained further training in
forensic science runs the risk of being overconfident and unintentionally
tainting evidence, making it inadmissible. On the other hand, competent
forensic science instructors should conduct appropriate training, which is more
likely to improve rather than worsen the situation, as a significant amount of
crime scene evidence is currently inadmissible due to improper collection (if
it is not trampled on and left uncollected entirely). This science frequently
results in the conviction of the guilty or the exoneration of the innocent due
to its explanatory capacity.
V. REFERENCES
[1]. Berg, B. and J. Horgan. (1998). Criminal
Investigation (third edition)
[2]. DeForest, P. N. Petraco, and L. Koblinsky.
(1983). Chemistry and the Challenge of Crime. (S. Gerber (ed.), Chemistry and
Crime, pp. 45-63).
[3]. Fradella H.F., Owen S.S. and Burke T.W.
(2007). Building Bridges between Criminal Justice and the Forensic Sciences to
Create Forensic Studies Programs. Journal of Criminal Justice Education (Vol.
18, No. 2, July)
[4]. Garland, N. and G. Stuckey. (2000).
Criminal Evidence for the Law Enforcement Officer, fourth edition.
[5]. Giannelli, P. (1997). The Abuse of
Scientific Evidence in Criminal Cases: The Need for Independent Crime
Laboratories. Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law (vol. 4, pp.
439-478)
[6]. Grover, N. (2014). Development of Forensic
Science and Criminal Prosecution – India. International Journal of Scientific
and Research Publications (Vol. 4, Issue 12).
[7]. Julian R. and Kelty S. (2012). Forensic
Science and Justice: From Crime Scene to Court and Beyond. Current issues in
Criminal Justice (Vol. 24 No. 1, July)
Article Information
FORENSIC SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATION IN CRIME DETECTION BY – SATULURI TRIVENI
Authors: SATULURI TRIVENI
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2022/12/05
- Volume 2
- Issue 7
About Journal
International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Access Open Access
- License CC 4.0
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