INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

TITLE- COMPARATIVE ANAYSIS OF BIODIVERSITY AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLDEGE by - Ayush upmanyu

Authors: Ayush upmanyu

Registration ID: 101256 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1256

Year : October-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: ayushupmanyu0106@gmail.com

Page No : 15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2022-15828753/TITLE- COMPARATIVE ANAYSIS OF BIODIVERSITY AND TRA

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/company/80566320/admin/

CHANGING DYNAMICS OF IMMUNITY TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: COMMENT ON JAM ET AL V. IFC by - Ritika Kanwar

Authors: Ritika Kanwar

Registration ID: 101255 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1255

Year : October-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: ritikakanwar17@gmail.com

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2022-19239675/CHANGING DYNAMICS OF IMMUNITY TO INTERNATIONAL ORG

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/company/80566320/admin/

MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS; CONSIDERATIONS IN THE COVID 19 ERA by - Arpit Chauhan & Aarsha Prem

Authors: Arpit Chauhan & Aarsha Prem

Registration ID: 101254 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1254 & IJLRA1274

Year : October-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: avi.llb44@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2022-24961681/MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS; CONSIDERATIONS IN THE CO

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/company/80566320/admin/

RULE OF LAW: A BUILDING BLOCK OF OUR MODERN SOCIETY BY - SRIJOY MUKHERJEE

Authors: SRIJOY MUKHERJEE

Registration ID: 101253 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1253

Year : October-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: srijoy.mukherjee@law.christuniversity.in

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2022-61397344/RULE OF LAW: A BUILDING BLOCK OF OUR MODERN SOCIET

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/company/80566320/admin/

Surrogacy and Surrogate Mother’s Claim to Guardianship of Surrogate Child - BY Shrusti Mulgund

Authors: Shrusti Mulgund

Registration ID: 101252 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1252

Year : October-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: smulgund0@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/11.2022-34342633/Surrogacy and Surrogate Mother’s Claim to Guardi

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/company/80566320/admin/

PRISONS IN INDIA With Special Reference to The Issue of Over Crowding, understaffing and Underfunding of the Prisons in India during and post COVID -19 Pandemic - by Pranjal P. Nayar

Authors: Pranjal P. Nayar

Registration ID: 101251 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1251

Year : October-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: pranjal.nayar@gmail.com

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/11.2022-13716791/PRISONS IN INDIA With Special Reference to The Iss

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/company/80566320/admin/

Tipping of Markets. A Brief Analysis - by Apoorva Kaur

Authors: Apoorva Kaur

Registration ID: 101250 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1250

Year : October-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: apoorva.kaur.23@gmail.com

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/11.2022-49879243/Tipping of Markets. A Brief Analysis

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/company/80566320/admin/

GENDER NEUTRAL LAWS - A CRITICAL STUDY - BY APOORVA UPMANYU AND ANSHUL RANA

Authors: APOORVA UPMANYU AND ANSHUL RANA

Registration ID: 101248 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1248 AND IJLRA1249

Year : October-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: apoorva19llb010@ncuindia.edu and ranaanshul2000@gmail.com

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/11.2022-36728723/GENDER NEUTRAL LAWS - A CRITICAL STUDY

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/company/80566320/admin/

"Cybercrime Investigation & Evidentiary Aspect Vis-À-Vis Obscenity And Pornography In Cyberspace" - BY Dr. Ashok P. Wadje

Authors: Dr. Ashok Wadje

Registration ID: 101247 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1247

Year : October-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: ashokwadje@gmail.com

Page No : 15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/11.2022-68622288/"Cybercrime Investigation & Evidentiary Aspect Vis

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/company/80566320/admin/

Indian Penal Code Vis-à-vis Gender Specific Laws: An Analysis - BY Shivani Agarwal and Anurag Choudhary

Authors: Shivani Agarwal and Anurag Choudhary

Registration ID: 101245 Published Paper ID: IJLRA1245 AND IJLRA1246

Year : October-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: agarwalshivani1819@gmail.com and anuragchoudhary653@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/11.2022-96344452/Indian Penal Code Vis-à-vis Gender Specific Laws:

Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/company/80566320/admin/

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

Submit Manuscript:Click here

Licensing:

All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

^{^[1]} BBA LLB(H), 5^TH Year student, School of law Galgotias university, Greater Noida

^{^[2]} https://www.kashishipr.com/blog/traditional-knowledge-and-conservation-of-biodiversity/

[1] Ranjana Kumari, Surrogate Motherhood – Ethical or Commercial, Centre for Social Research (2010)

[2] The History of Surrogacy: A Legal Timeline, Worldwide Surrogacy (Feb. 12, 2018 10:50 PM) https://info.worldwidesurrogacy.org/blog/the-history-of-surrogacy-a-legal-timeline

[3] Chandru Maya, Legitimacy of Surrogacy in India, Legal Service India (Apr. 3, 9:00 PM), http://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-2778-legitimacy-of-surrogacy-in-india.html

[4] The Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2008

[5] Aditya Kumar, Problems of Commercial Surrogacy In India, SSRN (Apr. 3, 9:10 PM), https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3625804

[6] Usha Rengachary Smerdon, Crossing Bodies, Crossing Borders: International Surrogacy between the United States and India, 39 Cumb. L. Rev. 15 (2008)

[7] Robert Edelmann, Surrogacy: The Psychological Issues, 22 Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 123 (2004)

[8] Elizabeth S. Scott, Surrogacy and the Politics of Commodification, 72 Law & Contemp. Probs. 109 (2009)

[9] R. S. Sharma, Social, Ethical, Medical & Legal Aspects of Surrogacy: An Indian Scenario, Indian J Med Res. S13-S16 (2014)

[10] Brock A. Patton, Buying a Newborn: Globalization and the Lack of Federal Regulation of Commercial Surrogacy Contracts, 79 UMKC L. Rev. 507 (2010)

[11] Darra L. Hofman, Mama's Baby, Daddy's Maybe: A State-by-State Survey of Surrogacy Laws and Their Disparate Gender Impact, 35 WM. Mitchell L. Rev. 449 (2009)

[12] Robert D. Arenstein, Is Surrogacy Against Public Policy? The Answer is Yes, 18 Seton Hall L. Rev. 831 (1988)

[13] Surrogacy: What is it? The Different Types of Surrogacy Options Available, Ilaya (Mar. 12, 2018 8:50 PM), https://ivf.ilaya.com/surrogacy-different-types-surrogacy-options-available/

[15] Aruna Nigam, Surrogacy: An Indian Perspective, 1 Tropical Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2013)

[16] Priyanka Maut, S. S. Das, Commercialization of Surrogacy in India: A Critical Analysis, JCC Law Review (2014)

[18] Re Baby M, 537 A.2d 1227, 109 (N.J. 02/03/1998)

[19] Re TT (Surrogacy) [2011] EWHC 33 (Fam) [2011] 2 FLR 392

[20] John v. Calvert, 5 Cal. 4^th 84, 19 Cal. Rptr. 2d 494, P.2d 776 (1993)

[21] Need For Legislation To Regulate Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinics As Well As Rights And Obligations Of Parties To A Surrogacy, Law Commission Report – 228 (2009)

[22] Md. Sahabuddin Mondal, Problems And Issues of Surrogate Mother and Her Child, Legal Services India (Apr. 3, 10:55 PM), http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/2310/Problems-And-Issues-of-Surrogate-Mother-and-Her-Child.html

[24] Surrogate Motherhood: A Violation of Human Rights, European Institute of Bioethics (Apr. 3, 10:50 PM), https://www.ieb-eib.org/docs/pdf/2013-04/doc-1554801438-35.pdf

[25] Neha Meena, Surrogacy Contracts in India, Legal Service India (Apr. 4, 12:00 AM), http://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l434-Surrogacy-Contracts.html

[26] Aneesh V. Pillai, Surrogacy Contracts: Issues and Challenges, ResearchGate (Apr. 4, 12:10 AM), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340755352_SURROGACY_CONTRACTS_ISSUES_AND_CHALLENGES

[28] Manish Arora, Sanjeevani Dixit, Demystifying the Journey of Surrogacy Laws in India: Surrogate Motherhood on the Anvil?, 1 International Journal of Advanced Legal Research (2020)

[29] B. Asvini, C. Renuga, Legality of Surrogacy with Special Reference to Surrogacy Bill 2019, 8 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2302-2306 (2019)

[31] Ayush Verma, Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2020: The Way Forward, IPleaders (Apr.5, 12

:05 PM) https://blog.ipleaders.in/surrogacy-regulation-bill-2020-way-forward/

[1] National Crime Records Bureau, Prison statistics 2019, Website title:Ncrb.gov.in URL:https://ncrb.gov.in/en/prison-statistics-india-2019

[2] Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar and another, (2014) 8 SCC 273.

[3] Jai Dehadrai, ‘In the Time of Coronavirus, the Right to Bail is Part of an Undertrial’s Right to Life’, The Wire (online, 26 March 2020) https://thewire.in/law/in-the-time-of-coronavirus-the-right-to-bail-is-part-of-an-undertrials-right-to-life.

[4] See State/Ut Wise Prisons’ Response to The Coronavirus Pandemic in India (28 June 2021) https://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/content/stateut-wise-prisons-response-to-covid-19-pandemic-in-india#Table%20G.

[5] The Indian Express, ‘COVID-19: Maharashtra releases 7200 prisoners to curb overcrowding’, 17 May 2020. Available at: https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/may/17/covid-19-maharashtra-releases-7200-prisoners-to-curb-overcrowding-2144489.html.

[6] Newslaundry, ‘What’s India doing to keep its prisoners safe from coronavirus?’, 31 March 2020. Available at: https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/03/31/whats-india-doing-to-keep-its-prisoners-safe-from-coronavirus.

[7] India Justice Report 2019, an initiative of Tata Trusts

[8] Readers Blog, by the times of India , Jan 1, 2022.

[9] National Crime Records Bureau, Prison statistics 2019,

[11] Re-Inhuman Conditions in 1382 Prisons vs. State of Assam and Ors. WP(C) 406 / 2013

[x] Evans, D.S. and R. Schmalensee "The Industrial Organization of Markets with two-sided Platforms" (2005) Competition Policy International Journal Vol.3(1) 151-179

[xii] Andres V. Leaner, “The Economics of Network Effects and User Data in the Provision of Search, Search Advertising, and Display Ad Intermediation” (2019) available at https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/Google%20Submission%203%20%28May%202019%29.pdf

[6] CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1928 OF 2022

(ARISING OUT OF S.L.P. (CRIMINAL) NO. 11220 OF 2019)

[1] Registrar (I/c) and Associate Professor of Law at Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad. The Author is holding Ph.D. Degree in Cyber Law. Email ID of the Author: ashokwadje@gmail.com

[2] NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL: COMPUTER AT RISK, (National Research Council, USA )(1991), National Research Council, USA.

[3] ROHAS NAGPAL, FUNDAMENTALS OF CYBER LAW, 7, (Asian School of Cyber Law) (2009).

[4] VAKUL SHARMA, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: LAW & PRACTICE, 160, (Universal Law Publishing Co, 3^rd ed. 2011).

[6] DEVASHISH BHARUKA & AJIT JOY, LEGAL DIMENSIONS OF CYBERSPACE, 228, (S.K. Verma & Raman Mittal eds. 2004, Indian Law Institute).

[9] ROHAS NAGPAL, “COMMENTARY ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT”, at page 9.

[10] DEVASHIS BHARUKA, AJIT JOY, Computer Crimes, in LEGAL DIMENSIONS OF CYBERSPACE 232 (S.K. VERMA, RAMAN MITTAL ed., 2004).

[13] Broadly speaking this has been given under two different heads under IT Act: “Contraventions” and “Offences”. Contraventions entail penalty on culprit and offences prescribes and imposes punishment.

[15] In the original I.T. Act, 2000 it was mentioned as ‘Hacking with the Computer System’.

[18] Hereinafter referred as “Amended I.T. Act of 2008”

[19] Tech Terms.com http://www.techterms.com/definition/it (Last updated on December 29, 2013 at 11:45 am).

[24] Section 66 of old IT Act of 2000: ‘Hacking with Computer System’:

Whoever with the intent to cause or knowing that he is likely to cause wrongful loss or damage to the public or any person destroys or deletes or alters any information residing in a computer resource or diminishes its value or utility or affects injuriously by any means, commits hacking.

[25] Section 66 of I.T. Act, 2000: Computer related offences’, inserted by Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008.

[32] ROHAS NAGPAL, INTRODUCTION TO CYBERCRIME INVESTIGATION, 4, (2009) Asian School of Cyber Law.

[34] ADV. PRASHANT MALI, ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE & CYBER LAW.

https://37c96d72-a-1c2e865b-s-sites.googlegroups.com/a/prashantmali.com/prashantmali/CSICommElectronicEvidenceCyberlaw.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7criL2is4g8HPWIcwS2PAQWL94gLmsQ44_tkxMMKHSInfADWwroDfOXdru9EWZRNLBmPVtTSBQYNwI5paBxoZDRM5lklgFEwSRsnQQxBvyzL_LXPT9gyyqcVqm3wjCxzmuGn6f_ZQvq8Bt4oAwUR7oW5cAD9EgHLGP57RSvS4QbaN75dLTWgeDSEluMr-bl76usVy0fgFpVeYvVVplCi19jaF3E-Yjp s982cLwYfZPkk0nfCAcPKM6WwdRPoSBqMTcm&attredirects=0 (Last updated on December 31, 2013 at 1:47 pm).

[36] United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

[37] Section 2 (t) of Information Technology Act, 2000.

[42] Section 69 of Information Technology Act, 2000.

[43] Covered under the definition of ‘Intermediary’

[44] Popularly known as Bazee.com case/DPS MMS clip case (2005 DRJ 576)

[45] KARNIKA SETH, COMPUTERS, INTERNET AND NEW TECHNOLOGY LAWS, 462 (1^st ed., 2012).

[1] Emma Watson , https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/gender-equality, Last visited on - ( 20 November 2021 , 06: 30 A.M)

[2] Ann C. Scales, the Emergence of Feminist Jurisprudence: An Essay, 95 YALE LJ. 1373 (1986)

[3] SK SHARMA AND URMILA SHARMA , FROM BENETHAM TO PRESENT DAY, ATLANTIC PUBLISHERS AND DISTRIBUTORS, 2006

[4] Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala (1973) 4 SCC 225: AIR 1973 SC 1461

[5] Ashok Kumar Gupta vs. State of U.P ,(1997) 5 SCC 201: 1997 SCC (L&S) 1299

[6] Durga Das Basu , Introduction to the Constitution of India , PG- 25, Lexis Nexis - 23^rd Edition(2018)

[7] E.P Royappa vs. State of Tamil Nadu 1974 AIR 555, 1974 SCR (2) 348

[8] Victim of Sexual Violence: Statistics, RAINN,-https://www.rainn.org/statistics/victims-sexual-violence- (Last Visited - 6 NOV, 2021, 4:10 P.M)

[9] E.P Royappa vs. State of Tamil Nadu 1974 AIR 555, 1974 SCR (2) 348

[10] V.N Shukla’s , Constitution of India , Pg No- 80 ,Eastern Book Company , 13^th Edition , 2017(with supplement 2021)

[11] The Hindu , https://www.thehindu.com/thread/reflections/men-too-may-be-sexually-harassed/article18351375.ece

( Last Visited- 11 Nov 2021 11:38 P.M)

[12] Legal Services India , http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/2039/Sexual-Harassment-of-Men.html (Last visited- 07 Nov 2021 9:45 A.M)

[13] Legal Service India , http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/2039/Sexual-Harassment-of-Men.html (Last Visited - 08 Nov 2021, 10:38 A.M)

[14] ] Times of India , - https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/love-sex/men-too-are-victims-of-sexual-harassment/articleshow/16336627.cms (Las Visited - 05 NOV 2021 8:20 A.M)

[15] K.S PUTTASWAMY (RETD) V. UNION OF INDIA 2017 10 SCC 1

[16] Internet World Stats, https://www.internetworldstats.com/top20.html ,(Last Visited - 9 Nov 2021 9:45 A.M )

[17] U.S Department of Justice ,National Institute of Justice Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Last Visited on - (10 Nov 2021 8:57 P.M )

[18] Aadarsh Kumar Shrivastva , Stalking Laws and its Implementation in India, https://blog.ipleaders.in/stalking/ (8 NOV 2021, 6:50 P.M)

[19]Team Social, Times of India,https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/everything-social/this-story-of-a-male-rape-victim-will-shock-you/,Last Visited 09 Nov 2021 – 8:45 A.M

[20] Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty 1996 AIR 922, 1996 SCC (1) 490

[21] Priya Patel v. State of Maharashtra (Arising Out of S.L.P Criminal (No. 68 of 2006)

[23] India Today,https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/madras-high-court-domestic-violence-act-husband-wife-1809900-2021-06-02, Last Visited on 12 Nov 2021 – 07:49 A.M

[24] Sushil Kumar Sharma v. Union of India AIR 2005 SC 3100

[26] KJ AIYAR –JUDICIAL DICTIONARY 17TH EDITION – VOLUME 2 (L TO Z) PAGE-1144

[30] 2 KJ AIYAR –JUDICIAL DICTIONARY PAGE-1144 17TH EDITION (L TO Z)

[31] Times of India , https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/everything-social/this-story-of-a-malerape-victim-will-shock-you/ Last visited on (11 NOV 7:42 A.M)

[32] POCSO, 2012, Section 2d , No-10 , Acts of Parliament , 2012, India

[33] Martin Luther King ,https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/631479-injustice-anywhere-is-a-threat-to-justice-everywhere-we-are, Last visited on 18 Nov 2021 05:27 P.M

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

TITLE- COMPARATIVE ANAYSIS OF BIODIVERSITY AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLDEGE by - Ayush upmanyu

CHANGING DYNAMICS OF IMMUNITY TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: COMMENT ON JAM ET AL V. IFC by - Ritika Kanwar

MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS; CONSIDERATIONS IN THE COVID 19 ERA by - Arpit Chauhan & Aarsha Prem

RULE OF LAW: A BUILDING BLOCK OF OUR MODERN SOCIETY BY - SRIJOY MUKHERJEE

Surrogacy and Surrogate Mother’s Claim to Guardianship of Surrogate Child - BY Shrusti Mulgund

PRISONS IN INDIA With Special Reference to The Issue of Over Crowding, understaffing and Underfunding of the Prisons in India during and post COVID -19 Pandemic - by Pranjal P. Nayar

Tipping of Markets. A Brief Analysis - by Apoorva Kaur

GENDER NEUTRAL LAWS - A CRITICAL STUDY - BY APOORVA UPMANYU AND ANSHUL RANA

"Cybercrime Investigation & Evidentiary Aspect Vis-À-Vis Obscenity And Pornography In Cyberspace" - BY Dr. Ashok P. Wadje

Indian Penal Code Vis-à-vis Gender Specific Laws: An Analysis - BY Shivani Agarwal and Anurag Choudhary

LAW JOURNAL

IMPORTANT LINKS

ETHICS & POLICY

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation 2