INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

[1] Manusmariti VII/143 as Quoted in, M.A. Shewan & Udai Veer: "Corruption on Money Laundering and Law" (New Delhi: Mittal Pubalications, 2011) Part Two, at. 161.

[7] R.K. Gupta & H.D. Bist (eds): Corruption in India, Origin, Causes, and Solutions I^st edn. (New Delhi: Anamika Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2007) at 116

[10] S.K. Agarwal (ed): Towards Improving Governance (New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 2008) at. 30

[13] R.K. Gupta & H.D. Bist; supra note 7 at 155

[17] "India Inc Unhappy with Status Quo" Hindustan Times, Lucknow, 16 February, 2014 at 5, available at www.hindustan times

[19] A.K. Gupta & H.D. Bist, supra note 7 at 155.

[20] Chandan Mitra: The Corrupt Society: The Criminalization of India from Independence to the 1990s (New Delhi : Viking, 1998) at 111.

[22] A. Surya Prakash: "What Ails Indian Parliament: An Exhaustive Diagnosis, (New Delhi: Indus, 1995) at 278

[23] Dr. Prabhas Chandra Singh: "Encyclopedia of Laws against Corruption" Ist Edn. (New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2012) c. 1 at 1

[25] Quoted in N. Vittal, "Corruption, A paber submitted at the 5^th Annual National Conference of NEPASI on" Governance for Development: Issues and Strategies organized by IGNOU between 24-25 August 2011, New Delhi, at 1

[27] Quoted in Human Development in South Asia 199, (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1999) at 98

[29] A.K. Gupta & H.D. Bist, supra note 7 at 157.

[31] Priti Saxena & Sudarshana Verma :"Corruption : A human Right Concern for Development and Good Governance in 21^st Century in Gurdip Singh & V.K. Ahuja : Human Rights in 21^st Century Changing Dimentions" (New Delhi-Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.-2012) at 802.

[32] The Times of India, 26 January, 2011, Lucknow edition

[33] Priti Saxena & Sudarshana Verma, supra not 31

[34] "Corruption and Development", available at http://rbalu.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/ corruption-and-development

[35] Priti Saxena & Sudarshan Verma, supra not 31 at 801

[36] "After 'Roti, Kapda our Makkan", India Requires More" Hindustan Times, Lucknow, 21 November, 2014 at 10

[42] Justice, V.R. Krishna Iyer, Times of India, 7 March, 2006.

[43] Chief Justice of India, Indian Express New Delhi, 12 March, 2006.

[44] Satya Prakash, Faultime in Judicial Appointment Exposed, Hindustan Times, Lucknow, 22 July, 2014 at 11.

[48] Moshe Maor, "Feeling the Heat? Anti- Corruption Mechanisms in Comparative Perspective" 17 Governance 1(2004).

[49] C. Raj Kumar; "Corruption and Human Rights in India (Comparative Perspectives on Transparency and Good Governance)” (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011) at 212.

[58] People's Union for Civil Liberties V. Union of India and Others (2013)2 SCC (Cri) 832

[61] S.S. Gill, Pathology of Corruption (New Delhi, Harpur Collins Publishers India ltd.-1998) at 238.

[64] C. Raj Kumar, Corruption, Development and Good Governance: Challenges for Promoting Access to Justices in Asia. 16 Mich. St. J. Int'l L 475, 519(2008)

[65] H.L. Mansukhani, Corruption and Public Servants 78 (Noida, Vikas Publishing House, 1979)

[73] In the past, the Government has been left reeling by many corruption scandals making the headlines, most notably the 2G scam, and Commonwealth Games scam; Gulzar Natarajan, The Mirage of Corruption Quick Fixes, Live Mint.

[74] Rakesh Kalshain, Corruption Notebook, in Ctr. for Public Integrity (ed.), Global Integrity: An Investigative Report Tracking Corruption, Openness and Accountability in 25 Countries: India 7 (200)

[76] The summary of Lord Committee's first Report on standards in public Life (1995)

[81] Civil Society to Assist Probe against Justice Dinakaram, Rediff.Com (18 May 2011); Corruption Charges Slapped on Justice Dinakaram, Times of India, 19 March, 2011.

[82] V. Eshwar Anand, op-ed. Law, Corruption in Judiciary: The Time for Action, The Tribune 3 December, 2010.

[84] V.S. Achuthanandan V.R. Balakrishna Pillai, (2011) (2) SCALE 346.

[85] Alam Doig and Stephanie Mclvor, Corruption and its control in the Development Context, An Analysis and Selective Review of the Literature, 20 Third World Q. 657 (1999).

[87] Upendra Baxi Liberty and Corruption, (Lucknow, Eastern Book Company, 1989)

[89] Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 Section 19.

[90] Upendra Baxi, Liberty and Corruption, supra note 87 at 53.

[94] Nat'l Comm'n to Review the Working of the Constitution, 'Probity in Governance, 2.1 (2001)

[95] Harsh Mander and Abha Joshi, The Movement for Right to Information in India: People's power for the Control of Corruption.

[97] Abid. Hussain, Nat'l Comm'n to Review the Working of the Constitution, “Some Ideas on Governance”.

[99] India's Weak Democracy: Study, Times of India, 23 March, 2004.

[102] Ashok H. Desai and S, Muralidhar, Public Interest Litigation: Potential and Problems, in B.N. Kripal (ed.) Supreme but not Infallible: Essays in Honour of the supreme Court of India 159-92 (2000) (New Delhi: Oxford University Press)

[105] Moshe Maor, 'Feeling the Heat? Anti Corruption Mechanisms in Comparative Perspective, 12 Governance 1 (2004)

[108] R.K. Gupta & H.D. Bist, (eds.) Corruption in India, Origin, Causes and Solutions Ist edn. (New Delhi

[1] Covid-19| no individual can be forced to be vaccinated; holds supreme ..., , https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2022/05/04/covid-19-forced-vaccination-immunisation-privacy-right-bodily-integrity-supreme-court-judgments-legal-news-research-updates-law/ (last visited Oct 4, 2022).

[2] The Leaflet, https://theleaflet.in/right-to-self-determine-what-may-be-injected-into-our-bodies-is-fundamental-says-petitioner-in-the-vaccination-case-in-the-supreme-court/ (Last Visited On October 4,2022)

[4] K.S. Puttaswamy v Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1

^{^[2]} Rashmi Bagri, OFFICE OF PROFIT: IT'S TIME TO LAY DOWN THE SPECIFICS, LiveLaw, (Nov. 21, 2021, 11:48 a.m.). https://www.livelaw.in/columns/office-of-profit-doctrine-of-separation-of-power-governance-legislations-supreme-court-decisions-185994

^{^[3]} Debabrata Mohanty, ODISHA: EC ACQUITS 22 BJD MLAS OVER OFFICE-OF-PROFIT CHARGES, Hindustan Times, (Nov. 10, 2021, 10:48 a.m.) https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-ec-acquits-22-bjd-mlas-over-office-of-profit-charges-101636521498746.html

^{^[4]} Odisha Offices of Profit (Removal of Disqualifications) Amendment Act, 2016.

^{^[8]} Government of India Act 1935, 26 Geo. 5 c. 2, § 26(1)(a).

^{^[9]} The Representation of the People Act, 1951, § 10.

^{^[10]} Gulab Chand Chordia v. Thakur Narain Singh and ors., (1953) 6 ELR 399.

^{^[11]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959, § 3.

^{^[13]} Rajesh Ranjan & Naina Bhargava, Office of Profit in India, Legal Service India, https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-1153-office-of-profit-in-india.html

^{^[16]} Gae R, Office of Profit under the Government,48 JSTOR L. J. 1, 400 (2006).

^{^[17]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959.

^{^[19]} Sruthi Radhakrishnan, The Hindu explains: Office of Profit, The Hindu, (Jan. 20, 2018, 04:32 p.m,) https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-hindu-explains-office-of-profit/article22480152.ece

^{^[20]} Kanta Kathuria v. Manak Chand Surana, 1970 SCR (2) 835.

^{^[21]} Ananya Jha, Office of Profit- Definition under the Indian Constitution, Ipleaders, Nov. 16 2018, https://blog.ipleaders.in/office-of-profit/#_ftnref2

^{^[22]} Jaya Bachchan v. Union of India and Ors., (2006) 5 SCC 266.

^{^[25]} Umrao Singh v. Darbara Singh & Ors., AIR 1969 SC 262.

^{^[27]} Our Political Bureau, Political pot on boil over Jaya disqualification, Business Standard (Feb. 6, 2013, 06:31 a.m.)

https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/political-pot-on-boil-over-jaya-disqualification-106031801049_1.html

^{^[29]} Vakasha Sachdev, , AAP MLAs’ Disqualification: Decoding the Office of Profit Case, The Quint ( Jan. 19, 2018, 10:24 p.m.) https://www.thequint.com/news/india/decoding-aap-mla-disqualification-office-of-profit-case#read-more

^{^[30]} Gurugobinda Basu v. Sankari Prasad Ghosal and ors., 1964 (4) SCR 311

^{^[34]} News, Narada sting operation: CBI files FIR against 12 Trinamool leaders for 'criminal conspiracy' , The Times of India(Apr.17, 2017) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/narada-sting-operation-cbi-files-fir-against-12-trinamool-leaders-for-criminal-conspiracy/articleshow/58227792.cms

^{^[35]} India Const. art. 102 &191.

32 India Const. Art. 102

^{^[36]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959, § 3.

^{^[37]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959, § 5.

^{^[38]} Faizan Mustafa, Grab This Opportunity To Abolish Disqualification Due to 'Office of Profit', The Wire (Jan. 22, 2018), https://thewire.in/government/grab-opportunity-abolish-disqualification-due-office-profit .

^{^[39]} Consumer Education and Research Society v. Union of India, MANU/SC/1499/2009.

^{^[42]} The Bihar Legislature (Removal of Disqualifications) Act, 1950.

^{^[43]} The West Bengal Legislature (Removal of Disqualifications) Act, 1952 § 2(i)(a) and 2(i)(d).

^{^[44]} Chowdhury M.J.A., Judiciary and the Dilemma of ‘Office of profit, Vol.XI CUJ.L. 1, 58-82 (2010).

^{^[45]} Brian Duignan, What is the Emoluments clause, Britannica (Oct. 21, 2001), https://www.britannica.com/story/what-is-the-emoluments-clause.

^{^[47]} Edward Hicks, Resignation from the House of Commons, UK Parliament (Sep. 11, 2019), https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06395/SN06395.pdf.

^{^[50]} Succession to the Crown Act 1707, 6 Ann. c. 41, §26.

^{^[51]} House of Commons Disqualification Act 1741, 15 Geo. 2 c. 22.

^{^[52]} House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975, c. 24 (UK), https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1975/24/body.

^{^[54]} Ashok Kumar Bhattacharyya Vs. Ajoy Biswas and Ors. (1985) 1 SCC 151.

^{^[58]} Jaya Bachchan Vs. Union of India (UOI) and Ors. AIR 2006 SC 2119.

^{^[59]} Biharilal Dobrav v. Roshanlal Dobrav [1984] 1 SCR 877.

^{^[60]} Divya Prakash Vs. Kultar Chand Rana and Ors. AIR 1975 SC 1067.

^{^[61]} Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education Act, 1968, § 18.

^{^[62]} Gurugobinda Basu Vs. Sankari Prasad Ghosal and Ors. AIR 1964 SC 254.

^{^[63]} Indian Companies Act, 1956, § 2(18) & 617.

^{^[68]} Satya Ranjan Swain, The Concept of 'Office of Profit' in India, SSRN (Dec. 10, 2011), https://ssrn.com/abstract=2181796 .

^{^[70]} Pradyut Bordoloi Vs. Swapan Roy, AIR 2001 SC 296.

[1] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 16.

[2] Law Commission of India, “242^nd Report on Prevention of Interference with the Freedom of Matrimonial Alliances (in the name of Honour and Tradition)” (August, 2012), available at: https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/report242.pdf (last accessed on October 13, 2021)

[3] Arvind Chauhan (2016) “Highest number of honour killings, relationship murders in UP” Times of India, 31st August, 2016, available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/highest-number-of-honour-killings-relationship-murders-in-up/articleshow/53949053.cms (last accessed October 14, 2021)

[4] US Department of State, 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: India, https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/india/ (last visited on October 12, 2021).

[5] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/Crime%20in%20India%20-%202016%20Complete%20PDF%20291117.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[6] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/Crime%20in%20India%202017%20-%20Volume%201_0_0.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[7] Ministry of Home Affairs, Honour Killings, available at: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1540824 (last visited on October 15, 2021)

[8] NCRB report leaves out lynching, honour killing data for being ‘vague’, available at: https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/ncrb-report-leaves-out-lynching-honour-killing-data-for-being-vague/cid/1713552 (last visited on October 15, 2021)

[9] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/CII%202019%20Volume%201.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[11] India: Honour-based violence, including prevalence in rural and urban areas; legislation; state protection and support services available (2016-May 2020), available at: https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1290791/download#:~:text=Sources%20note%20that%20honour%2Dbased,%2Dreported%20(Reuters%2029%20Dec.&text=According%20to%20a%20report%20on,%5B2019%5D%2C%20162) (last visited on October 14, 2021).

[12] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/CII%202020%20Volume%201.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[14] Tanya D’Lima, Jennifer L. Solotaroff, Rohini Prabha Pande, ‘For the sake of Family and Tradition: Honour Killings in India and Pakistan’, Sage Journals (2020), available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2455632719880852 (last visited on October 13, 2021).

[15] Manusmriti: The Laws of Manu (ca. 1500 BC – or later-) (translated by G. Buhler), available at http://eweb.furman.edu/~ateipen/ReligionA45/protected/manusmriti.htm (last visited on October 10, 2021).

[18] Lata Singh v State of U.P., 2006 (5) SCC 475.

[20] Rahul Rajput’s murder: Family says woman was present at spot and even tried to save him, available at: https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/delhi-rahul-rajput-murder-woman-tried-to-save-was-present-at-spot-655996 (last visited on October 12, 2021)

[21] Navtej Singh Johar v U.O.I., (2018) 10 SCC 1.

[22] Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (No. 10 of 2017), available at: https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/175248.pdf (last visited on October 14, 2021).

[23] Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (No. 10 of 2017), s. 2(1)(s) read with ss. 3 and 21(1)(a).

[2] Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, No. 32, Acts of Parliament, 2012 (India).

[3] Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, No. 6, Acts of Parliament, 2006 (India).

[4] Independent Thought v. Union of India, [2017] 10 SCC 800.

[5] Law Commission of India, https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/ (last visited Mar. 30, 2022).

[7] The Indian Penal Code, 1860, § 377, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860 (India).

[8] Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty, 1996 AIR 922.

[10] Hrishikesh Sahoo v. The State of Karnataka, 2022 LiveLaw (Kar) 89.

[14] K.S Puttaswamy v. Union of India, (2008) 1 SCC 234.

[18] Mukesh & Anr v. State of NCT of Delhi & Ors, (2017) 6 SCC 1.

[1] The author is currently studying Masters of Law (LL.M.) in Constitutional Law from Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad.

[2] W.E. Peel, J. Goudkamp, Winfield & Jolowicz on Tort 360 (Sweet & Maxwell, 19th edn., 2014).

[5] Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, The Law of Torts 279 (LexisNexis, New Delhi, 26th Edn., 2013).

[7] Khushwant Singh v. Maneka Gandhi AIR 2002 Delhi 58.

[8] Subramanian Swamy v. Union of India AIR 2016 SC 2728

[11] Shreya Singhal v. Union of India AIR 2005 SC 1523; Writ petition (Criminal) No. 167 of 2012.

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN INDIA (By-Raajshree Vardhan)

CORRUPTION IN INDIA: A BRIEF ANALYSIS (By-Dr. Prem Chandra & Dr. Raj Kumar)

Case Commentaries on Jacob Puliyel V. Union of India (By-Simran Gupta)

Prospective And Retrospective Overruling On Criminal Laws In India: Detailed Analysis With Respect To The Prevention Of Corruption (Amendment) Act, 2018 (By: Yashwardhan Bansal)

Drug Abuse And Crime (By- Jagriti Garg)

The Disputable Nuances of Office of Profit: An Analysis with Respect to the Election to the Legislative Houses (By-Arryan Mohanty)

FEATURE SELECTION ON PHISHING WEBSITES : CYBER CRIME (BY-SAURABH RANKA & CHETAN JAIN)

Honour Killing in India (By: Ishita Kaushal)

Marital Rape: An Unaddressed Stigma A Debate That Must Find Its End (By- Aman Nigam)

DEFAMATION VIS-À-VIS FREEDOM OF SPEECH (By-Tarishi Agrawal)

LAW JOURNAL

IMPORTANT LINKS

ETHICS & POLICY

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation 2