• +91 7042148991
  • editor@ijlra.com
IJLRA Logo
  • Home
  • Ethics & Policy
    • Duties Of Authors
    • Editors Responsibilities
    • Reviewers Responsibilities
    • Plagiarism Policy
    • Copyright Policy
  • For Authors
    • About Us
    • Call for Paper
    • Verify Certificate
    • Track Paper
    • Copyright Form
    • How to Publish Paper
  • Issue
    • Past Issue
    • VOLUME 1
      • ISSUE 9
      • VOLUME 1 ISSUE 3
      • VOLUME 1 ISSUIE 7
      • VOLUME 1 ISSUIE 5
      • VOLUME 1 ISSUIE 6
    • VOLUME 2
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 5
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 6
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 7
      • VOLUME II ISSUE 7
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUIE 1
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 8
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 9
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 10
    • VOLUME 3
      • VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1
      • VOLUME 3 ISSUIE 2
      • VOLUME 3 ISSUIE 3
  • Editorial Board
  • Verify Certificate
  • Submit Paper
IJLRA Logo
  • Home
  • Ethics & Policy
    • Duties Of Authors
    • Editors Responsibilities
    • Reviewers Responsibilities
    • Plagiarism Policy
    • Copyright Policy
  • For Authors
    • About Us
    • Call for Paper
    • Verify Certificate
    • Track Paper
    • Copyright Form
    • How to Publish Paper
  • Issue
    • Past Issue
    • VOLUME 1
      • ISSUE 9
      • VOLUME 1 ISSUE 3
      • VOLUME 1 ISSUIE 7
      • VOLUME 1 ISSUIE 5
      • VOLUME 1 ISSUIE 6
    • VOLUME 2
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 5
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 6
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 7
      • VOLUME II ISSUE 7
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUIE 1
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 8
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 9
      • VOLUME 2 ISSUE 10
    • VOLUME 3
      • VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1
      • VOLUME 3 ISSUIE 2
      • VOLUME 3 ISSUIE 3
  • Editorial Board
  • Verify Certificate
  • Submit Paper

Minerva Mills and ors. vs. Union of India and Ors. (1980) (By Pratibha Kumari)

Author Name: Pratibha Kumari
Title: Minerva Mills and ors. vs. Union of India and Ors. (1980)
DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/04.2022-89732374/ ijlra/v2i6/April/2022
Email Id: pratibhakumari482@gmail.com
  • Share on:
  • Citation
  • Download
  • Full Details
  • Search on Google

The Façade Of Inclusion: Why The Companies Act Is Not Enough For Women Directors (By Riya Nagpal)

Author Name: Riya Nagpal
Title: The Façade Of Inclusion: Why The Companies Act Is Not Enough For Women Directors
DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/04.2022-19146485/ ijlra/v2i6/April/2022
Email Id: 17jgls-rnagpal@jgu.edu.in
  • Share on:
  • Citation
  • Download
  • Full Details
  • Search on Google

The Plight Of Female Domestic Workers In India (By Riya Nagpal)

Author Name: Riya Nagpal
Title: The Plight Of Female Domestic Workers In India
DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/04.2022-74338935/ ijlra/v2i6/April/2022
Email Id: 17jgls-rnagpal@jgu.edu.in
  • Share on:
  • Citation
  • Download
  • Full Details
  • Search on Google

Access To Medicines With Reference To The Us-Morocco Fta Prohibition On Parallel Imports Of atented Pharmaceuticals (By Riya Nagpal)

Author Name: Riya Nagpal
Title: Access To Medicines With Reference To The Us-Morocco Fta Prohibition On Parallel Imports Of atented Pharmaceuticals
DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/04.2022-92595256/ ijlra/v2i6/April/2022
Email Id: 17jgls-rnagpal@jgu.edu.in
  • Share on:
  • Citation
  • Download
  • Full Details
  • Search on Google

Concept of secularism in Indian Constitution (By Jayesh PK)

Author Name: Jayesh PK
Title: Concept of secularism in Indian Constitution
Email Id: vikaas.jayeshpk@gmail.com

  • Share on:
  • Citation
  • Download
  • Full Details
  • Search on Google

Case Analysis: Dr.Reddys Laboratories Limited V. Controller General Of Patents Designs And Trademarks And Other Connected Matters (By Joshua Daniel)

Author Name: Joshua Daniel
Title: Case Analysis: Dr.Reddys Laboratories Limited V. Controller General Of  Patents Designs And Trademarks And Other Connected Matters
Email Id: Joshuadaniel60969@gmail.com
  • Share on:
  • Citation
  • Download
  • Full Details
  • Search on Google

Muslim Brotherhood and the Idea of Social Justice (By Abhishek Rao)

Author Name: Abhishek Rao
Title: Muslim Brotherhood and the Idea of Social Justice 
Email Id: raoabhishekjnu@gmail.com
Doi- https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/04.2022-33851363/Abhishek Rao
  • Share on:
  • Citation
  • Download
  • Full Details
  • Search on Google

Legalization Of Cannabis In India (By Kumar Yuvraj)

Author Name: Kumar Yuvraj
Title: Legalization Of Cannabis In India
Email Id: kumaryuvraj.student@slsnagpur.edu.in
  • Share on:
  • Citation
  • Download
  • Full Details
  • Search on Google

Curbing the Menace of Money laundering - International Initiatives (By Dr.Sudarshan Nimma)

Author Name: Dr.Sudarshan Nimma
Title Name: Curbing the Menace of Money laundering - International Initiatives 
Emai Id: snimma26@gmail.com
  • Share on:
  • Citation
  • Download
  • Full Details
  • Search on Google

Understanding the Impact of the IT Intermediary Guidelines on Digital News Agencies

Author Name: Shourya Pratap Singh Tomar
Title Name: Understanding the Impact of the IT Intermediary Guidelines on Digital News  Agencies
Email Id: shourya.tomar@gmail.com
  • Share on:
  • Citation
  • Download
  • Full Details
  • Search on Google
« Previous Next »

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

Submit Manuscript:Click here

Licensing:

All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

Ethics and Policy

  • Duties of Authors
  • Editors Responsibilities
  • Reviewrs Responsibilities
  • Plagiarism Policy
  • Copyright Policy

For Authors

  • About us
  • Call for paper
  • Verify Certificate
  • Copyright Form
  • How to Publish Paper
  • Editorial Board
  • Contact us

Citation

[1] https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/
·         http://lawtimesjournal.in/
·         https://www.barandbench.com/
·         https://www.legitquest.com/

Citation

[1] Section 149, The Companies Act, 2013, Acts of Parliament, No. 18, 2013, (India)
[1] WOMEN ON BOARDS IN INDIA NUMBERS, COMPOSITIONS, EXPERIENCES AND INCLUSION OF WOMEN DIRECTORS, Neharika Vohra, FICCI and IIM Ahemdabadhttp://primedatabasegroup.com/primegroup_files/IIM_Ahmedabad_FICCI_PRIME_WOB_report.pdf
 
[1] Valli Arunachalam, The Long Road Ahead for Women in Corporate India, The Shillong Times, (2021), https://theshillongtimes.com/2021/03/08/the-long-road-ahead-for-women-in-corporate-india/
[1] Sachin Mampatta, Covid-19 crisis: Over 100 firms missed deadline to appoint women directors Business-standard.com (2021), https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/over-125-firms-fail-to-appoint-women-directors-amid-covid-19-crisis-120041500409_1.html
[1] Id.
[1] Yogesh Patel, Charul Patel, Agenda of Women Empowerment at the Boards- Amendment to Companies Act,  International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Management, Vol. 2, 39 (2013), available at http://www.gtia.co.in/papers/IJIEM22062013.pdf
[1] Id.
[1] Global Gender Gap Report 2021, World Economic Forum (2021), https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-gender-gap-report-2021
 
[1] Bala Balasubramanian,Gender Equality, Inclusivity and Corporate Governance in India, Published in Journal of Human Values 2003, (19:1) 15-28, DOI: 10.1177/0971685812470327; http://jhv.sagepub.com
[1] Janis Sarra, "The Gender Implications of Corporate Governance Change," Seattle Journal for Social Justice: Vol. 1 : Iss. 2 , Article 11. (2002) https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj/vol1/iss2/11  
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Gayathri Balasubramanian, Feminist Critique: Woman Director under Companies Act- Academike (2021), https://www.lawctopus.com/academike/women-director-ca/#_edn19 
 
[1] Anita Raman, & Gayathri T N Women Representation for Good Corporate Governance -A study of top 100 listed companies in India. (2019) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338886976_Women_Representation_for_Good_Corporate_Governance_-A_study_of_top_100_listed_companies_in_India
[1] Supra note 3.
[1] Id.
[1] Supra note 38.
[1] Id.
Supra note 25.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Supra note 38.
[1] Kellye Y. Testy, Capitalism and Freedom — For Whom?: Feminist Legal Theory and Progressive Corporate Law, 67 Law and Contemporary Problems 87-108 (Fall 2004) 
https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/lcp/vol67/iss4/5
[1] Ronnie Cohen, Feminist Thought and Corporate Law: It's Time to Find Our Way Up from the Bottom (Line), 2 AM. U. J. GENDER & L. 1 (1994).
[1] Id.
[1] Women on Corporate Boards (Quick Take) | Catalyst, Catalyst (2021), https://www.catalyst.org/research/women-on-corporate-boards/
[1] THE WOMEN DIRECTORS CONUNDRUM: HOW TO IMPROVE THE QUOTA?, RGNUL FINANCIAL AND MERCANTILE LAW REVIEW (2021), https://www.rfmlr.com/post/the-women-directors-conundrum-how-to-improve-the-quota

Citation

[1] 'National Policy On Domestic Workers' (Pib.gov.in, 2019)
[1] Nitin Sinha, 'Between Welfare And Criminalisation: Were Domestic Servants Always Informal?' (The Wire, 2021)
[1] Rohini Mitra and Aarohi Damle, 'Female Migrant Workers And Domestic Employees Need A Security Net' (The Wire, 2019)  
[1] Sinha (n 2).
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1]  Utkarsh Agrawal and Shailja Agarwal, 'SOCIAL SECURITY FOR DOMESTIC WORKERS IN INDIA' (Docs.manupatra.in, 2018)
 
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Unorganized Workers Social Security Act, 2008.
[1] Agarwal (n 7)
[1] Ibid.
[1] Housemaids and Domestic Workers (Conditions of Service and Welfare Bill), 2004
[1] Agarwal (n 7)
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1]  Jenny Svensson, 'Young Female Domestic Workers Perceptions Of Health And Safety' (Lshtm.ac.uk, 2018)  
 
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Minimum Wage Act, 1948.
[1] Labour Bureau Chandigarh, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India, Report on the Working of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 for the Year 2013, available at http://labourbu-
[1] Agarwal (n 7)
[1] Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, Section 13(3)(ii).
[1] Namrata Singh, Compliance to Sexual Harassment Law Poor, THE ECONOMIC TIMES (Sep. 18, 2016), http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/compliance-to-sexual-harassment-law-poor/articleshow/49008909.cms.
 
[1]  Woking People’s Charter, 'Why The New Labour Codes Leave India’s Workers Even More Precariously Poised Than Before' (Scroll.in, 2020)
 
[1] Code on Social Security, 2020.
[1] Woking People’s Charter (n 29)
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Sinha (n 2).
[1] Woking People’s Charter (n 29)
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Sinha (n 2).
[1] Agarwal (n 7)
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] 'Where Are The Laws To Protect The Rights Of Domestic Workers In India?' (Economic and Political Weekly, 2018)  
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Nidhi V, 'Living On The Margins Of Development: Domestic Women Workers' (Mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de, 2017)
 
[1] (n 43)
[1] Ibid.
[1]Ibid.  
[1] Code on The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions, 2020.
[1] Woking People’s Charter (n 29)
[1] Ibid.[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Sujata Gothoskar, 'The Plight Of Domestic Workers: Confluence Of Gender, Class And Caste Hierarchies' (Dspace.stellamariscollege.edu.in, 2013)
 
[1] Ibid.
[1] Neetha N, 'Minimum Wages For Domestic Work' (Economic and Political Weekly, 2013)
 
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Gothoskar (n 57)
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Sinha (n 2).
[1] Ibid.
[1] Gothoskar (n 57)
[1] Ibid.[1] International Labour Office, Social Protection Department, Geneva, Social protections for domestic workers: key policy trends and statistics, 10 (2016).
 
[1] Agarwal (n 7)
[1] Ibid. 

Citation

[1] Sean Baird, Magic and Hope: Relaxing Trips-Plus Provisions to Promote Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals, 33 B.C.J.L. & Soc. Just. 107 (2013), https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/jlsj/vol33/iss1/4
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id
[1] WTO, the Doha Ministerial Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2, 14 November 2001.
[1] Id
[1] Rethinking Trade Treaties and Access to Medicines, Bu.edu (2019), https://www.bu.edu/gdp/files/2019/11/Trade-Report-2019-GDP-Center-3.pdf (last visited Nov 22, 2021).
 
[1] Id.
[1] Samira Guennif & Lalitha N., TRIPS Plus Agreements and Issues in Access to Medicines in Developing Countries Gidr.ac.in (2021), http://gidr.ac.in/pdf/WP-174.pdf (last visited Nov 22, 2021).
 
[1] Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Available from: http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips.doc
 
[1] Supra note 9
[1] Id.
[1] Supra note 10
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Supra note 9
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Supra note 10
[1] Supra note 9
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Free Trade Agreements | United States Trade Representative, Ustr.gov (2021), https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements (last visited Nov 22, 2021).
 
[1] Correa, Carlos María. “Implications of bilateral free trade agreements on access to medicines.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization vol. 84,5 (2006): 399-404.
 
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Supra note 1
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Trade-related intellectual property rights, access to medicines and human rights – Morocco, Www2.ohchr.org (2006), https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cescr/docs/info-ngos/access_to_medicines_and_hr.pdf (last visited Nov 22, 2021).
[1] Association Marocaine de Lutte Contre le Sida (ALCS), Me?morandum de la socie?te? civile contre les restrictions de l’acce?s aux ge?ne?riques dans l’Accord de Libre Echange, January 2004.
 
[1] WHO, National Expenditure on Health – Morocco, 2002, www.who.int/nha/country/MAR.xls
 
[1] Supra note 36
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Association Marocaine de Lutte Contre le Sida (ALCS), Me?morandum de la socie?te? civile contre les restrictions de l’acce?s aux ge?ne?riques dans l’Accord de Libre Echange, January 2004.
[1] Me?decins Sans Frontie?res – Maroc, Les Dangers des dispositions sur la proprie?te? intellectuelle dans l’Accord de libre-e?change entre Maroc/Etats-Unis pour l’acce?s aux me?dicaments essentiels au Maroc, January 2004.
[1] Supra note 36
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Exchange of letters between Robert B. Zoellick, US Trade Representative and Tai?b Fasi Fihri, Minister Delegate for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Morocco, 15 June 2004.
[1] Robert Weissman, Essential Action, Comments on the Intellectual Property Chapter of the US – Morocco Free Trade Agreement and the Impact on Access to Medicines, 8 April 2004.
[1] Mellouk O, Struggling to Balance Free Trade with Access to Medicines in the post-TRIPS Era throughout the Arab World Iprsonline.org (2005), https://www.iprsonline.org/unctadictsd/docs/Mellouk_ArabRD_Health.pdf (last visited Nov 22, 2021).
 
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
[1] Tuck, C., Maamri, A., Chan, A.H.Y. and Babar, Z.-U. (2019), Editorial: Medicines pricing, access and safety in Morocco. Trop Med Int Health, 24: 260-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13191
 
[1] Id.
[1] Id.
 

Citation

1 Speech in the Lok Sabha,27 October 1976, Lok Sabha Debates, Fifth Series, vol. 65, no.3, cols.141-2.
2 M.P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, Pg 1784
3 5 facts about religion in Saudi Arabia | Pew Research Center
4 https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/11/global-restrictions-on-religion-rise-modestly-in-2015-reversing-downward-trend/
5 Article 25 of Indian Constitution, M.P Jain Pg 1299
6 France Constitution,1958 Pg 3
7 The survey of 65 countries, conducted by Gallup International and the WI Network of Market Research.
8 China’s Policies and Practices on Protecting Freedom of Religious Belief (Religion White Paper) (Apr. 2018)
9 First Amendment to U.S. Constitution in the year 1971.
10 L.K. Advani, Ram Ratha Yathra in the year 1992.
11 Through civil disobedience movement and Operation Vijay in 1961
12 “Empowerment of Women through Legal awareness” on launch of Legal awareness by NALSA.
13 Rajdeep Sardesai, Tweet dated 5th July 2021
14 Talveen singh, “Conspiracy to prey on Hindu girls and convert them to Islam is ludicrous”,
15 In a Press Conference ahead of joining BJP, India Today, Febraury 2021
16 Shafin Jahan vs. Ashokan K.M.
17 By Abbas Naqvi, Ministry of Minority affairs, 1st August 2019.
18 AIR 1973 SC 1461
19 M. Siddiq (D) Thr Lrs vs Mahant Suresh Das & Ors., 9th November 2019.
20 1996 AIR 796

Citation

[1] Constitution of India art. 226 & 227.
[1]Cognizance For Extension Of Limitation, Suo Motu Writ Petition (C) No. 3 OF 2020 (27/03/2022 & 18:35) https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2022/871/871_2022_31_301_32501_Order_10-Jan-2022.pdf
[1] Cognizance for Extension of Limitation, Supreme Court of India, Public Notice dated (18/01/2022) Office of CGPDTM, Mumbai Govt. of India
[1] The Trademarks Act, 1999, Sec. 21
[1] Cognizance For Extension Of Limitation, Suo Motu Writ Petition (C) No. 3 OF 2020 (27/03/2022 & 18:35) https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2022/871/871_2022_31_301_32501_Order_10-Jan-2022.pdf

Citation

[1] Gamal, W. (2019). Lost Capital: The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood's Neoliberal Transformation. Carnegie Middle East Center. Available at: https://carnegieendowment. org/files/2-1-19_Gamal_Muslim_Brotherhood. pdf.
[1] Available at: https://pointdebasculecanada.ca/the-50-point-manifesto-of-hassan-al-banna/.
[1] Mulcaire, C. (2016). Hasan al-Banna and the Political Ideologisation of Islam in the 20th Century. E-International relations. Available at: https://www.e-ir.info/2016/02/02/hasan-al-banna-and-the-political-ideologisation-of-islam-in-the-20th-century/.
[1] Qutb, S. (1964). P 3. Milestones. Available at: https://holybooks-lichtenbergpress.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/Milestones.pdf.
[1] Musallam, Adnan A. (1993). Sayyid Qutb and Social Justice, 1945-48. Journal of Islamic Studies 4:1 pp. 52-70.
[1] Shepard, William E. (1996). Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia, Volume 54.
[1] Rahman, Asyraf Hj Ab. (2000). The concept of Social Justice as found in Sayyid Qutb’s Fi Zilal al-Qu’ran. Available at: https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/7394/1/490065.pdf
[1] Mulcaire, C. (2016). Hasan al-Banna and the Political Ideologisation of Islam in the 20th Century. E-International relations. Available at: https://www.e-ir.info/2016/02/02/hasan-al-banna-and-the-political-ideologisation-of-islam-in-the-20th-century/.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Available at: https://pointdebasculecanada.ca/the-50-point-manifesto-of-hassan-al-banna/.
[1] Moussalli, Ahmad S. (1992). P 223. Radical Islamic Fundamentalism: the Ideological and Political Discourse of Sayyid Qutb. Beirut: American University of Beirut.
[1] Musallam, Adnan A. (1993). Sayyid Qutb and Social Justice, 1945-48. Journal of Islamic Studies 4:1 pp. 52-70.
[1] Shepard, William E. (1996). P 35. Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia, Volume 54.
[1] Qutb, S. (1964). P 3. Milestones. Available at: https://holybooks-lichtenbergpress.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/Milestones.pdf.
[1] Shepard, William E. (1996). P 29. Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia, Volume 54.
[1] Ibid. P 37.
[1] Rahman, Asyraf Hj Ab. (2000). The concept of Social Justice as found in Sayyid Qutb’s Fi Zilal al-Qu’ran. Available at: https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/7394/1/490065.pdf.
[1] Shepard, William E. (1996). P 264. Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia, Volume 54.
[1] Gamal, W. (2019). Lost Capital: The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood's Neoliberal Transformation. Carnegie Middle East Center. Available at: https://carnegieendowment. org/files/2-1-19_Gamal_Muslim_Brotherhood. pdf.
 
[1] Mitchell, Richard P. (1968). P7. Chapter 1: Hasan al-Banna and the Founding of the Society of the Muslim Brothers. The Society of the Muslim Brothers. New York: Oxford University Press.

Citation

[1] Surabhi Maheshwari, ‘Legalization of Marijuana in India: All You Need To Know’, (Lex Insider, 28 November, 2015), <https://lexinsider.com/legalisation-of-marijuana-in-india-overview/>
[1] OM Ramasundaram, Drinking habits in ancient India (Narcotics Beurau, 2016 Jan-Mar; 58(1): 93–96.) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776591/
[1] Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985
[1] Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
[1] CM Andre, Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules, (NCB, 4 Feburary 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4740396/
[1] MAYURA JANWALKAR, The anatomy of the cannabis plant: what is illegal under NDPS Act, what is not? (The Indian Express, October 15, 2020) https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-cannabis-marijuana-rhea-chakraborty-bollywood-drugs-case-6715497/
[1] Is marijuana safe and effective as medicine? https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/marijuana-safe-effective-medicine

Citation

[1]Julian, A. Francis, International Banking and the Third World Debt: A Study on State Insolvencies, Dissertation submitted for SJD Degree, Tulane University School of Law, New Orleans, USA (1984). p.44.
 
[1] Gururaj, B.N., Commentaries on FEMA, Money Laundering Act and COFEPOSA, Wadhwa, Nagpur, (2005) p.803.

[1]Zenobia Sethna, Money Laundering:

A Historical Perspective, (June 2016) https://imarticus.org/money-laundering-a-historical-perspective/

 

[1]In 1996, a spokesperson for the IMF estimated that 2–5% of the worldwide global economy involved laundered money."Money Laundering: the Importance of International Countermeasures--Address by Michel Camdessus". IMF. Retrieved 2018-04-10;The Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), an intergovernmental body set up to combat money laundering stated that it is absolutely impossible to produce a reliable estimate of the amount of money laundered and therefore the FATF does not publish any figures in this regard; Financial Action Task Force. "Money Laundering FAQ". Retrieved 20 March 2017.

 
[1]Friedrich Schneider, Money laundering and financial means of organised crime: Some preliminary empirical findings, Global Business and Economics Review 10(3):309-330 · February 2008@ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227358325_
 
 
[1]According to UNDCP estimates, about 70% of the governments do not have effective legislation in place; Gururaj, B.N., Commentaries on FEMA, Money Laundering Act and COFEPOSA, Wadhwa, Nagpur, (2005) p.803.       
[1]www.un.org.treaty_adherence_convention_1988.pdf; Since money laundering is an international phenomenon, transnational co-operation is of critical importance in the fight against this menace. A number of initiatives are taken to touch upon the matter at the international level. The major international agreements embrace the global organization Convention against Illicit Trafficking in medicinal drugs and psychedelic Substances, popularly called the Austria (Vienna) Convention,[1] and the Council of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds of Crime.
 
[1] Ibid. note supra
[1]A.Francis Julian, The Global Legal Regime on Anti-Money Laundering, published in ‘Prevention of Money Laundering-Legal and Financial Issues’ (Ed) K.N.Chandrasekharan  Pillai & A. Francis Julian, The Indian Law Institute, New Delhi (2008) pp 1-9.
 
[1]Cryer, Robert, “Prosecuting International Cro,e: Selectivity and the International Criminal Law Regime”, Cambridge Studies on International and Comparative Law Series No. 41, Cambridge University Press, London (2005). P. 1.25
 
[1]Cryer, Robert, “Prosecuting International Cro,e: Selectivity and the International Criminal Law Regime”, Cambridge Studies on International and Comparative Law Series No. 41, Cambridge University Press, London (2005). P. 1.25
 
[1]The term ‘networks’ normally refers to relatively loosely coordinated arrangements across borders between and among
like agencies that seek to respond to global issues. The term ‘government networks’ means networks of regulatory agents and agencies that reach out to their homologues and other regulators across national borders and state jurisdictions.
 
[1]Slaughter, Anne-Marie, “A New World Order”, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA (2004); and Anderson-Kenneth, Squaring the Circle? Reconciling Sovereignty and Global Governance through Global Government Networks, 118 Harvard Law Review, 1255.
 
 
[1] is that the main task of the Programme. It encompasses activities of making awareness, institution building and training.
 
[1]aims at providing States key info to higher perceive the development of money laundering and to modify the international community to plot a lot of economical and effective countermeasure strategies.
 
[1]to support the establishment of financial investigation services for raising the overall effectiveness of law enforcement measures. MONEY LAUNDERING IN INDIA1  National Judicial Academy, www.nja.nic.in/4.1.%20Paper%20Money%20Laundering_1_%20Paridhi%20Saxena.pdf
 
[1]at its twentieth special session for all States to adopt legislation that gives effect to the universal legal instruments against money-laundering and countering the financing of terrorism
 
[1]and the provisions contained in the measures for countering money-laundering adopted by the General Assembly at its twentieth special session
 
[1]to extend the specialized experience and skills of criminal justice officers within the investigation and
prosecution of complicated money crimes, particularly with regard tothe financing of terrorism.
 
[1]to deal effectively with money-laundering and also the funding of terrorist act Through the worldwide Programme, UNODC encourages States to develop policies to counter money-laundering and the funding of terrorist act, monitors and analyses related problems and responses, raises public awareness about money-laundering and the financing of terrorism, and acts as a coordinator of initiatives carried out jointly by the United Nations and other international organizations.
 
[1]It additionally provides Governments, law enforcement authorities and financial intelligence units with strategies to counter money-laundering, advises on improved banking and financial policies and assists national financial investigation services.
 
[1]https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/money-laundering/programme objectives. htmlref=menuside
 
[1] (Source: A. (Francis Julian, The Global Legal Regime on Anti-Money Laundering, in Prevention of Money Laundering-Legal and Financial Issues, (Edited) by K.N.Chandrasekharan Pillai, A. Francis Julian, The Indian Law Institute, New Delhi 2008; p. 11)
[1]The Convention came into force with effect from November 11, 1990. The ‘Preamble of the Convention’ warns the increasing I`roads into various social groups made by illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and focuses on to deprive persons engaged in illicit traffic of the issue of their criminal activities and to eliminate the foundation reason behind the matter of the abuse of narcotic medication and mind-expanding substances; Dr. Shamsuddin, Commentary on the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, (2018) Commercial Law Publishers (India) Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.
 
 
[1]The revised set of twenty-nine Core Principles has also been reorganized to foster their implementation through a more logical structure, highlighting the difference between what supervisors do and what they expect banks to do: Principles 1 to 13 address supervisory powers, responsibilities and functions, focusing on effective risk-based supervision, and the need for early intervention and timely supervisory actions.  Principles 14 to 29 cover supervisory expectations of banks, emphasizing the importance of good corporate governance and risk management, as well as compliance with supervisory standards.; https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs230.htm
 
 
[1]United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic In Narcotic Drugs And Psychotropic Substances, 1988 available at http://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1988_en.pdf (last accessed on May 24, 2015
[1]or property the value of which corresponds to such proceeds; This convention in 1990 establishes a common policy on money laundering. It sets out a common definition of money laundering and common measures for dealing with it. The Convention lays down the principles for international cooperation among the member states, which may also include states outside the Council of Europe. One of the purposes of this convention is to facilitate international cooperation as regards investigative assistance, search, seizure and confiscation of the proceeds of all types of criminality, particularly serious crimes such as drug offences, arms dealing, terrorist offences etc. and other offences which generate large profits.
 
 
[1]This Convention aims to facilitate international co-operation and mutual assistance in investigating crime and tracking down, seizing and confiscating the proceeds thereof; to assist States in attaining a similar degree of potency even within the absence of full legislative harmony.
 
[1]In pursuance of the object of International co-operation, the Convention provides for – i) various kinds of investigative assistance like, assistance in procuring evidence, transfer of information to another State without a request, adoption of common investigative techniques, lifting of bank secrecy etc; ii) provisional measures like freezing of bank accounts, seizure of property to prevent its removal; and iii) measures to confiscate the proceeds of crime: enforcement by the requested State of a confiscation order made abroad, institution by the requested State, of domestic proceedings leading to confiscation at the request of another State.
 
[1] “The Member States of the Council of Europe and the other States signatory hereto, considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its Members, convinced of the need to pursue a common criminal policy aimed at the protection of society, considering that the fight against serious crime, which has become an increasingly international problem, calls for the use of modern and effective methods on an international scale; basic cognitive process that one amongst these ways consists in depriving criminals of the yield from crime, considering that for the attainment of this aim a well-functioning system of international co-operation also must be established.”
[1]It needs the member state to adopt such legislative and different measures as could also be necessary to confiscate instrumentalities and yield or property the worth of that corresponds to such properties.(Art. 2 (1) of the Convention) Further, each party shall ensure that it is able to search, trace, identify, freeze, seize and confiscate property of a licit or illicit origin, used or allocated to be used by any suggests that, in whole or partially, for the finance of act of terrorism, or the yield of this offence, and to produce co-operation to the present finish to the widest attainable extent.(Art. 2 (2) of the Convention)
 
[1]Art. 2,8,9  and 10 of the Convention
 
 
[1]or an act intended to cause death or bodily injury to any person not actively involved in armed conflict in order to intimidate a population or compelling any government or any international organisation to do or abstain from doing any act. 
 
[1]www.unoodc.org; www.wikipedia.org
[1]Kathryn L. Gardner, Fighting Terrorism the FATF Way, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Vol. 13, No. 3 (July–Sept. 2007), pp. 325-345.
 
[1]The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) established in 1997 with headquarters in Vienna, operating 20 field offices, as well as liaison offices in New York and Brussels, is a global leader in the fight against illicit drugs and international crime, prevention of terrorism and money laundering.[1]https://www.unov.org/unov/en/unodc.html’ The international community confronts a host of menaces, including illicit drugs, threats to security and health and new and emerging crimes.UNODC has free a replacement . Menu of Services revealed in Gregorian calendar month 2010, which provides a detailed overview of how clients can access targeted assistance or the range of publications and online tools available.
 
 
[1]The enforcement, Organized Crime and Anti-Money-Laundering Unit of UNODC is responsible for carrying out the Global Programme against Money-Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism, in response to the mandate given to UNODC through the global organization Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic medication and psychoactive Substances of 1988.https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/about-unodc/index.html?ref=menutop
 
[1]https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/money-laundering/technical-assistance.html
 
 
[1]therefore the finance of act of terrorism and to help them in detection, seizing and confiscating illicit proceeds, as required pursuant to global organization instruments and different globally accepted standards, by providing relevant and appropriate technical assistance upon request.https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/money-laundering/index.html?ref=menuside
 
 
[1]in setting up their AML-CFT legislation fully compliance with the international legal instruments, particularly the 40+9 FATF Recommendations, the 1988 UN Convention against illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and theU.N. Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000. See Appendix – VII of Ch.16 of the Book
[1]https://www.unodc.org/ddocuments/money-laundering/2005/
 
[1]https://www.unodc.org/documents/moneylaundering/Model_Provisions_2009_Final.pdf
[1] in joint collaboration with the Commonwealth Secretariat, IMF and by a panel of experts from common law countries.
 
[1]https://www.britannica.com/topic/Interpol; terrorism and crimes against people and property, including crimes against children, trafficking in human beings, illegal immigration, automobile theft, and art theft; economic, financial, and computer crimes, including banking fraud, money laundering, corruption, and counterfeiting; and illegal drugs and criminal organizations, including organized crime. Interpol has been playing an active role in investigating money laundering at the global level working closely with other international organizations to foster international awareness on the importance utilising financial investigative techniques against organized criminal activities including money laundering.
 
 
[1]http://www.interpol.int/Public/FinancialCrime/MoneyLaundering/Unit.asp
 
[1]FATF: “Methodology for Assessing Compliance with the FATF 40 Recommendations and the FATF 9 Special Recommendations”, FATF/OECD (2004); and also The World Bank, Global Monitoring Report 2006 – p.179.
 
[1]http://w.if.org/external/np/fsap/fsap.asp
 
[1]OFC program initiated in June 2000 considering the potential vulnerabilities stemming from the weaknesses in the financial systems of offshore centre.
 
[1]http://w.if.org/external/np/fsap/fsap.asp
 
[1] in joint collaboration with the Commonwealth Secretariat, IMF and by a panel of experts from common law countries.http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/glossary/showTerm.asp#76
[1]and also the panel report on the money laundering case against Colombia-Indicative Prices `and Restrictions on Ports of Entry.
 
 
[1]Kathryn L. Gardner, Fighting Terrorism the FATF Way, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Vol. 13, No. 3 (July–Sept. 2007), pp. 325-345.To become a member, a country must be considered strategically important (large population, large GDP, developed banking and insurance sector, etc.), must adhere to globally accepted financial standards, and be a participant in other important international organizations. Once a member, a country or organization must endorse and support the most recent FATF recommendations, commit to being evaluated by (and evaluating) other members, and work with the FATF in the development of future recommendations.https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-action-task-force-fatf.asp
 
 
[1]Ibid. supra note.
[1]Appendix – V of Chapter 16 of the Book
[1]Refer:http://www.fatfgafi.org/publications/fatfrecommendations/documents/the40recommndationspublishedoctober2004.html
 
[1]FATF Annual Report 2004-05, p.7
 
[1]http://ww.fatfgafi.org/media/fatf/documents/recommendations/pdfs/FATF_Recommendations.pdf: p.13)
[1]with the objective to reduce the vulnerability of the financial system to money laundering by ensuring that all financial centres adopt and implement measures for the prevention, detection and punishment of money-laundering according to internationally recognized standards.
 
[1]http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/newantimoneylaunderingstandardsreleased.htm
 
[1]https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-action-task-force-fatf.asp
[1]The FATF's 40 recommendations are the principal standards to combat these crimes.http://www.apgml.org/fatf-and-fsrb/page.aspx?p=94065425-e6aa-479f-8701-5ca5d07ccfe8
 
 
[1]https://www.bis.org/bcbs/ Further, metropolis III is Associate in Nursing internationally united set of measures developed by the metropolis Committee on Banking direction in response to the monetary crisis of 2007-09. The measures aim to strengthen the regulation, supervision and risk management of banks. Like all metropolis Committee standards, Basel III standards are minimum requirements which apply to internationally active banks. Members are committed to implementing and applying standards in their jurisdictions within the time frame established by the Committee.[1] The Basel Committee's approach to policy development relies on the coordinated work of its varied operating teams and task forces, a wide and open consultation process, and cooperation with international institutions. The Committee additionally strives to review the implementation of its standards so as to contribute to A level taking part in field among internationally active banks.Policy Development is fostered by The Committee's work largely organised around groups, working groups and task forces. Any member organisation will join these teams to participate within the policy development method.
 
 
[1]Refer to: Statement on the Prevention of criminal use of the Banking System for the Purpose of Money Laundering;
and also http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbss137.pdf.
 
[1]which aims at encouraging the banking sector to adopt common position in order to ensure that banks don't hide or launder funds non-inheritable through criminal activities. The Basle Statement of ‘Principles on the Prevention of Criminal Use of the Banking system for the purpose of Money Laundering’ is a significant breakthrough to control and check money laundering on global level, and the same is not confined to drug-related money but encompass all aspects of money laundering through banking system i.e.the deposit, transfer and/or concealment of money derived from illicit activities whether robbery, terrorism, fraud or drugs.
 
[1]The revised Core Principles offer a comprehensive customary for establishing a sound foundation for the regulation, supervision, governance and risk management of the banking sector. The Preamble to the Basle Convention against money laundering clearly stipulates that Banks and other financial institutions may be unwittingly used as intermediaries for the transfer or deposit of funds derived from criminal activity, and the Criminals and their associates use the national economy to create payments and transfers of funds from one account to another; to cover the supply and useful possession of money; and to provide storage for bank-notes through a safe-deposit facility.These activities are commonly referred to as money-laundering. Para.1 of the Preamble to the Prevention of Criminal Use of the Banking System For The Purpose of Money Laundering (1988).
 
 
[1]It seeks to deny the banking system to those involved in money laundering by the application of the four basic principles namely, identifying the customer, compliance with the laws, cooperation with Law Enforcement Agencies and adherence to the Statement.;Para.6. of the Preamble to 1988 Convention.
 
[1]The OGBS would also participate with relevant international organizations concerned in setting up and promoting international standards for cross border supervision and for combating money laundering and terrorist financing. OGBS also encourages its members to apply high standards of supervision based on internationally accepted principles.
[1]The Egmont cluster provides support to member FIUs by: increasing and systematizing international cooperation within the reciprocal exchange of data, increasing the effectiveness of FIUs by providing coaching and promoting personnel exchanges to boost the experience and capabilities of personnel utilized by FIUs, fostering higher and secure communication among FIUs through the appliance of technology, like the Egmont Secure internet (ESW), fostering magnified coordination and support among the operational divisions of member FIUs, promoting the operational autonomy of FIUs, and promoting the institution of FIUs in conjunction with jurisdictions with an AML/CFT program in situ, or in areas with a program within the early stages of development. https://www.revolvy.com/topic/Egmont%20Group%20of%20Financial%20Intelligence%20Units;
 
[1]https://www.fincen.gov/resources/international/egmont-group-financial-intelligence-units
 
[1]Since its beginning, The Egmont cluster has fully grown dramatically from fourteen units in 1995 to a recognized membership of 159 FIUs The FIUs of Cambodia, Cuba, Nepal, and Niger were admitted to the Egmont cluster in 2015. The FIU of Syrian Arab Republic was reinstated.[1] The goal of the Egmont cluster is to produce a forum for FIUs round the world to boost cooperation within the fight against concealment and funding of coercion and to foster the implementation of domestic programs during this field. 
 
[1]https://www.fincen.gov/resources/international/egmont-group-financial-intelligence-units
[1]The member countries are obligated to prove FIUs with power to have access directly or indirectly, on a timely basis to the financial, administrative, and law enforcement information that they require to properly undertake their functions.
[1]The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has established a trust fund to strengthen assistance to its developing member countries in fighting against money laundering and financing terrorism.
See generally http://www.iadb.org/idbamerica/index.cfm?thisid=3593
[1] Ibid supra note.
[1]Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: Consultative Document Guidelines Revised “Annex on correspondent” November 2016. Final version of June 2017 @ http://www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d405.htm
 

Citation

[1] Information Technology (Guidelines For Intermediaries And Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021.
[1] The Information Technology (Intermediaries guidelines) Rules, 2011.
[1] Information Technology Act 2000, s 87(2).
[1] Information Technology (Guidelines For Intermediaries And Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021, r 8(1).
[1] Information Technology (Guidelines For Intermediaries And Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021, r 8(3).
[1] Press Council Act, 1978.
[1] The Cable Television Networks regulation) Act 1995, s 5.
[1] Information Technology Act 2000, s 45.
[1] The Constitution of India 1950, art 19(1)(a).
[1] The Constitution of India 1950, art 19(1)(g).

Citation 2

65876451 adaskdjlkh lkhlkhasd

IJLRA N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)
  • +91-7042148991
  • editor@ijlra.com

LAW JOURNAL

  • About Us
  • Verify certificate
  • Editorial Board
  • Contact Us

IMPORTANT LINKS

  • Call for paper
  • How to Publish Paper
  • Submit Paper
  • Track your Paper Status
  • Search Issue

ETHICS & POLICY

  • Duties Of Authors
  • Editors Responsibilities
  • Reviewrs Responsibilities

© 2022 International Journal For Legal Research and Analysis

Designed by 1Web Experts