INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

RESOLVING SPORTS DISPUTES: THE ROLE OF THE COURT OF ARBITRATION FOR SPORT (CAS) AND THE CASE FOR AN INDIAN SPORTS ARBITRATION COURT BY - DR. AARUSHI BATRA

Authors: DR. AARUSHI BATRA

Registration ID: 108973 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8973

Year : Nov-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: batra.aarushi@gmail.com

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DETAILED CASE COMMENTARY ON SAMIRA KOHLI V. DR. PRABHA MANCHANDA (2008) BY - BHAUMIK PRATAP SINGH

Authors: BHAUMIK PRATAP SINGH

Registration ID: 108972 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8972

Year : Jan-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: bhaumikpsingh@nlunagpur.ac.in

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KILLING IN THE NAME OF HONOUR: AN ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF JUDICIARY BY - SHRIYA JAIN & MRIDU JAIN

Authors: SHRIYA JAIN & MRIDU JAIN

Registration ID: 108970 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8970 & IJLRA8971

Year : Jan-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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SPECIAL TREATMENT: EXPLORING ASPECTS OF ASYMMETRICAL FEDERALISM IN INDIA AND ITS RELEVANCE BY - PALAK SHARMA

Authors: PALAK SHARMA

Registration ID: 108969 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8969

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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BEYOND EARTH: LEGAL CHALLENGES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS IN THE ERA OF SPACE TOURISM BY - SAURABH SINGH

Authors: SAURABH SINGH

Registration ID: 108968 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8968

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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FEMINISM MISUSED: UNPACKING THE DISTORTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT BY - MISS ANKITA VIJAY KAMERKAR

Authors: MISS ANKITA VIJAY KAMERKAR

Registration ID: 108967 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8967

Year : Nov-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF PATENT PORTFOLIOS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS BY - AISHWARYA PANDEY

Authors: AISHWARYA PANDEY

Registration ID: 108966 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8966

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: reachaishwaryap@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-85197612/STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF PATENT PORTFOLIOS: CHALLEN

THE LAW OF COMPARATIVE ADVERTISING AND FREEDOM OF COMMERCIAL SPEECH: A LEGAL AND SOCIAL WORK PERSPECTIVE BY - ARYAN SINGH

Authors: ARYAN SINGH

Registration ID: 108965 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8965

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PRE-PACKAGED INSOLVENCY FOR MSMES IN INDIA BY - NEETI GOYAL

Authors: NEETI GOYAL

Registration ID: 108964 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8964

Year : Nov-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WRIT JURISDICTION IN THE UK AND INDIA VIS-À-VIS PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT BY - AVANISH KUMAR SONKAR & SAKSHI SINGH

Authors: AVANISH KUMAR SONKAR & SAKSHI SINGH

Registration ID: 108962 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8962 & IJLRA8963

Year : Jan -2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2025-45567227/A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WRIT JURISDICTION IN THE UK

International journal for legal research and analysis

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[1] Shriya Jain & Mridu Jain (students at Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies, GGSIPU)

[2]M. Rashid “Honour Killing: A Threat to Progressive Society”

[3] Unni Wikam, In Honour of Fadime, Murder and Shame14 (The University of Chicago Press, London, 2008).

[4] Recep Dogan “Is Honor Killing a Muslim Phenomenon? Textual Interpretations and Cultural Representations”, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 423-440 at 424,

[5] Report of Special Rapporteur on “Violence Against Women, Its Causes and Consequences”

[6] Carolyn Strange, “Adjusting the Lens of Honour Based Violence; Perspectives from Euro American History”, in Aisha K. Gill, Carolyn Strange et.al. (eds), Honour Killing

[10] Special Leave to Appeal (Crl.) No(s). 251/2020

[1] Chhavi Priya, ‘Centre State Relations’ (Legal Service India) <Centre State Relations (legalserviceindia.com)> accessed 27 October 2023

[4] The Constitution of India, a352

The Constitution of India, a356

[5] S.R. Bommai v. Union of India , 1994 (3) SCC 1

[7] M. Lakshmikanth, ‘The Indian federal structure is largely symmetric albeit with some asymmetric features. Elaborate. Do you think the Constitutional Asymmetry in Indian Federalism has been able to accommodate diversity in India?’ (Insights IAS, 8 January 2022) The Indian federal structure is largely symmetric albeit with some asymmetric features. Elaborate. Do you think the Constitutional Asymmetry in Indian Federalism has been able to accommodate diversity in India? - INSIGHTSIAS (insightsonindia.com)> accessed 27 October 2023

[10] The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act 1991

[11] Government of NCT of Delhi v. Union of India (2018) 8 SCC 501

[12] Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) 1991

Asymmetric Federalism: Examining the Impact of the Delhi Ordinance’ (Civils daily) accessed 27 October 2023

[13] The Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment) Act 1962

[14] The Constitution of India, schedule 5

The Constitution of India, schedule 6

[15] Ewanlangki-E-Rymbai v. Jaintia Hills District Council, 2006

[17] Chebrolu Leela Prasad Rao v. State of Andhra Pradesh ,2020 SCC Online SC 383

[18] https://lawandotherthings.com/asymmetrical-federalism-and-the-100-reservation-judgment/> accessed 27 October 2023

[19] Indra Sawhney v. Union of India AIR 1993 SC 477

[20] State of Kerela v. N.M. Thomas 1976 SCR (1) 906

[22] Asymmetric Federalism in India: With special Reference to North East States and Jammu and Kashmir’ (Law Bhoomi, 5 April 2021) accessed 27 October 2023

[23] Asymmetric Federalism in India: With special Reference to North East States and Jammu and Kashmir’ (Law Bhoomi, 5 April 2021) accessed 27 October 2023

Dewangi Sharma, ‘Asymmetric Federalism and Negotiated Sovereignty in Nagaland’ (2021) Vol XVII accessed 27 October 2023

[24] Mabel Gergan, ‘Tribal Territoriality, Asymmetric Federalism, and Majoritarianism in India’s Northern Himalayan Borderlands’ (Society for Cultural Anthropology, 16 March 2021) accessed 27 October 2023

[26] Avani Agarwal, ‘Defending Special Status for Jammu and Kashmir – Is the Constitution the Bane or the Boon?’ (The RMLNLU Law Review Blog, 22 February 2019) accessed 27 October 2023

[28] The Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganisation) Act 2019

[29] Mohd. Akbar Lone v. Union of India Writ Petition (civil)

[30] Navtej Johar v. Union of India 2018 INSC 790

[31] Prem Nath Kaul v. State of Jammu and Kashmir AIR 1959 SC 749

[32] Sampat Prakash v. State of Jammu and Kashmir AIR 1970 SC 1118

[33] Mohd. Maqbool Damnoo v. State of Jammu and Kashmir (1972) 1 SCC 536

[1] Research Scholar, Faculty of Law, University of Lucknow

^{^[2]} Burdon J. IP Portfolio Management: Negotiating the Information Labyrinth. In Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation: A Handbook of Best Practices MIHR: Oxford, U.K., and PIPRA: Davis, U.S.A. (2007).

^{^[3]} Kevin G. Rivette & David Kline, Rembrandts In the Attic: Unlocking the Hidden Value Of Patents (2000).

^{^[4]}Stephen A. Merrill, Richard C. Levin & Mark B. Myers A Patent System for The 21st Century, 30 (2004).

^{^[5]}Mark A. Lemley, Rational Ignorance at the Patent Office, 95 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1495, 1507 (2001).

^{^[6]} Robert P. Merges & Richard R. Nelson, On the Complex Economics of Patent Scope, 90 Colum. L. Rev. 839 (1990).

^{^[7]} Richard C. Levin, A New Look at the Patent System, 76 Am. Econ. Rev. at 199, 201(1986).

^{^[9]} Mark A. Lemley, Reconceiving Patents in the Age of Venture Capital, 4J. Small & Emerging Bus. L. 137, 138 (2000).

^{^[10]} John Markoff, Advanced Micro Narrows Gap in Race for New Chip, N.Y. Times, at C5, (Aug. 17, 2004).

^{^[11]} All-in-One Pills for Heart Disease, Harv. Health Letter, 3(2004).

^{^[12]} John P. Sumner & Steven W. Lundberg, Software Patents: Are They Here to Stay? Computer Law. (1991).

^{^[13]} John R. Allison & Mark A. Lemley, The Growing Complexity of the United States Patent System, 82 B.U. L. REV. 77, 96-97 (2002).

^{^[14]} Gideon Parchomovsky; R. Polk Wagner, Patent Portfolios, 154 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1 (2005).

^{^[18]} Peter C. Grindley & David J. Teece, Managing Intellectual Capital: Licensing and Cross-Licensing in Semiconductors and Electronics, 39 Cal. Mgmt. Rev., Winter, 8, 9, (1997).

^{^[19]} Donna J. Kelley & Mark P. Rice, Leveraging the Value of Proprietary Technologies, J. Small Bus. Mgmt. at 1, 9-10 (2002).

^{^[20]} Benjamin Pimentel, Inventors Patent Ideas to Pre-Empt Their Rivals; Companies Then Must Buy Rights to the Devices, S.F. Chron. (2003).

^{^[21]} George L. Priest & Benjamin Klein, The Selection of Disputes for Litigation,13J. Legal Stud. 1, 15-16 & fig.6 (1984).

^{^[23]} Rajiv P. Patel, Patent Portfolio Strategy for Start-Up Companies: A Primer, Pat. Strategy & Mgmt., 1 (2002).

^{^[25]} Robert P. Merges, As Many as Six Impossible Patents Before Breakfast: Property Rights for Business Concepts and Patent System Reform, 14 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 577, 58990 (1999).

^{^[26]} The U. S. Patent Act, 35 U.S.C. Sec 112 (2000).

^{^[27]} Thomas A. Stewart, 3M Fights Back, FORTUNE, (Feb. 1996) http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1996/02/05/207343/index.html.

^{^[28]} Craig Allen Nard, Process Considerations in the Age of Markman and Mantras, U. ILL. L. REV. 355, 357 (2001).

^{^[29]} R. Polk Wagner & Lee Petherbridge, Is the Federal Circuit Succeeding? An Empirical Assessment of Judicial Performance, 152 U. PA. L. REV. 1105, 1163-70 (2004).

^{^[30]} Harris A. Pitlick, The Mutation on the Description Requirement Gene, 80 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc'y 209, 222 (1998).

^{^[32]} Eric W. Pfeiffer, Mine Games: Companies Are Coining Intellectual Property, FORBES (24 Jun. 2002),

^{^[36]} Carl Shapiro, Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting, in 1 Innovation Policy and The Economy 119 (2001).

^{^[37]} Clarisa Long, Information Costs in Patent and Copyright, 90 VA. L. REV. 465, 474-82 (2004).

^{^[39]} Michael A. Heller & Rebecca S. Eisenberg, Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research, 280 SC. 698, 699 (1998); see also: Arti K Rai, Fostering Cumulative Innovation in the Biopharmaceutical Industry: The Role of Patents and Antitrust, 16 Berkeley Tech. LJ. 813, 831-38 (2001).

^{^[40]} Manny D. Pokotilow, Why Alternative Dispute Resolution Should Be Used for Intellectual Property Disputes, Intell. Prop. & Tech. L.J., (July 2004).

^{^[41]} Clayton M. Christensen, The Innovator's Dilemma: When New technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail, 130 (1997).

^{^[42]}Jonathan M. Barnett, Private Protection of Patentable Goods, 25 CARDOZO L. REV. 1285, 1288 (2004); see also: Richard J. Rosen, Research and Development with Asymmetric Firm Sizes, 22 Rand J. Econ. 411, 419-21 (1991).

^{^[1]} Choudhry S., Khosla M., & Mehta P.B., ‘Locating Indian Constitutionalism’, in Sujit Choudhry et el, (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution (Oxford: 2016), pp. 1-13.: With regards to the inclusion of writ jurisdiction in a constitution, it anticipates the need to address violations of fundamental rights that may arise in the future. It acknowledges that societal circumstances can change, and the legal system must have mechanisms in place to respond effectively to new challenges and evolving values.

^{^[2]} Manohar Sujata V., ‘Right to Constitutional Remedy’, in T.K. Tope’s Constitutional Law of India (Eastern Book Company: 2010) pp. 376-378.

^{^[3]} Ibid.: this power is now vested in the High Court of Justice, under the Supreme Court of Judicature (Consolidation) Act, 1925.

^{^[4]} Ibid.: Sir Alladi Krishnaswamy Aiyar remarked: Our Constitution has gone further than any known Constitution in the direction of securing the effective and speedy enforcement of the rights guaranteed under it.

^{^[5]} Ibid.: Supreme Court exercises power of writs under Article 32 and High Courts exercise under Article 226 of Constitution of India.

^{^[6]} Mehta Bhanu, ‘The Rise of Judicial Sovereignty’ (2007) 18 Journal of Democracy pp. 70-83: In PIL cases, the Court relaxes the normal legal requirements of “standing” and “pleading,” which require that litigation be pressed by a directly affected party or parties, and instead allows anyone to approach it seeking correction of an alleged evil or injustice.

^{^[7]} Jackson Vicki C., ‘Comparative Constitutional Law: Methodologies, in Michel Rosenfeld & Andras Sajo, The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law (2012), pp. 67-83.: There may be both ‘genetic’ forms of connections between systems, based on the influence one has on the development of another and ‘genealogical’ forms of connection, where one or more constitutional system(s) grew out of another, typically in countries emerging out of colonial relationships.

^{^[8]} Ibid.: Contextual Method seeks more elicit understanding of how particular paradigmatic social and political concerns shape or are reflected in the constitutional law.

^{^[9]} Scheppele K.L., ‘Aspirational and Aversive Constitutionalism: The Case for Studying Cross-Constitutional Influence Through Negative Models’, (2003) 1 (2) I•CON pp. 296-324: Aversive constitutionalism calls attention to the negative models that are prominent in constitution builders’ minds. Constitution builders may have only the vaguest sense of where they are going and how they should get there; more often, they have a clearer sense of what it is that they want to avoid. In this regard, the constitution makers of India had in their mind that they have to protect and enforce the fundamental rights effectively so for that they have to provide a wider ambit of writ jurisdiction unlike in the UK.

^{^[10]} Tushnet Mark, ‘Some reflections on method in comparative constitutional law’, in Sujit Choudhry, The Migration of Constitutional Ideas (Cambridge University Press; 2012) pp 67-83: Expressivism is a different, perhaps even more comprehensive, version of contextualism. For an expressivist scholar, constitutional law – doctrines and institutional arrangements – are ways in which a nation goes about defining itself.

^{^[11]} Oza Prachi, ‘Comparative Study on Writ Jurisdiction in India and the UK’, (2022) 5 International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 839-850.

^{^[12]} Forsyth Christopher & Upadhayay Nitish, ‘The development of the Prerogative Remedies in England and India: The Student becomes the Master?’(2011) 23 National Review School of India Review 77-85.

^{^[13]} Hansaria, B.L., ‘Public Interest Litigation’ in Justice B L Hansaria’s Writ Jurisdiction (3rd) (Universal Law

Publishing Co.: 2004).

^{^[14]} Jenks Edward, ‘The Prerogative Writs in English Law’ (1923) 32 Yale Law Journal 523-534.

^{^[15]} Aggarwal, Adish, ‘Right to Constitutional Remedies’, in Dr. Adish C. Aggarwala’s Constitution of India (4 th) (Amish Publications: 2014) pp. 129-146.

^{^[17]} Wade H.W.R.& Forsyth C.F., ‘Prerogative Remedies’, in Administrative Law (Oxford Claredon Press: 1994) pp. 591-615.

^{^[18]} Ibid.: They are ‘prerogative’ because they were originally available only to the Crown and to the subject These writs were granted to ensure whether public authorities carried out their duties or not and whether the lower tribunals were functioning within their jurisdiction or not. These were essentially remedies for ensuring efficiency and maintaining order in the hierarchy of courts, commissions and authorities of all kinds

^{^[19]} Smith S.A. de., ‘The Prerogative Writs: Historical Origins’, in de Smith’s Judicial Review of Administrative Action (4th) (London Steven & Sons Limited: 1980) pp. 584- 595.: SA de Smith writes, that writs cannot be simply understood as they were originally issued only at the suit of the king, but which were later made available to the subject. He said this view cannot be accepted without a number of reservations. Prohibition and habeas corpus appear to have been issued on the application of subjects from the very first; and although writs of certiorari and mandamus were initially royal mandates issued for diverse purposes of government, the result of applications made by subjects. It is nevertheless true to say that when, ‘prerogative’ it was because they were conceived as being intimately connected with rights of the Crown.

^{^[21]} This shows the origin of writs as a tool of royal authority, used by the monarch to exercise discretionary powers and issue commands. It was the tool through which the king’s will was manifested.

^{^[22]} They further write that after 1938 their name was changed to prerogative orders again except for habeas corpus. The modern use of writ is yet another instance of conversion of the Crown’s legal armoury into remedies beneficial to the subject.

^{^[23]} Seervai H.M., ‘Right to Judicial Remedies’ in Constitutional Law of India (4th) Volume 2 (Universal Law Publishing Company: 1993) pp. 1449-1467.: Later on, this power of writs had been inherited by their successor High Courts. Continuing with these remedial mechanisms to provide remedy in case of violation of fundamental rights, the Constituent Assembly adopted the writ provision in the Constitution.

^{^[24]} Hansaria, B.L., ‘Historical Bacground: Article 226 and 227’ in Justice B L Hansaria’s Writ Jurisdiction (3rd) (Universal Law Publishing Co.: 2004) pp. 1-12.: as they were established by issue of Charter they were called as “Chartered High Courts”.

^{^[27]} Ibid.: Since “general declarations had not much unless there exited the will and means to enforce them, the Constituent Assembly showed the will, and provided the means, to enforce the fundamental rights conferred by the part III.

^{^[28]} So, it was not merely the imposition and intervention of British rule and their law that was the reason why India has these writs and writ jurisdiction today. The crucial and strong reason was the protection and enforcement of fundamental rights. It was the ideology and aim of the drafters of the Indian Constitution that made them include the concept of writs and give special powers to the Supreme Court and High Courts of India.

^{^[29]} Sinha, Govind Narayan, ‘Judiciary and Environment’in A comparative study of the environmental laws of India and the UK with special reference to their enforcement (University of Birmingham Research Archive: 2003) pp 160-203.

^{^[30]} Ibid.: The High Court has several remedies available to it to overturn a decision made unlawfully. These include quashing order (to quash the public authority’s decision), mandatory order (or a mandatory injunction, requiring the public authority to carry out its duties), prohibiting order (or a prohibitory injunction, restraining a public authority from. Continuing to act unlawfully) and a declaration (stating what the law is).

^{^[32]} R v Inland Revenue Commissioners ex parte National Federation of Self-Employed and Small Business Limited [1982] AC 617 as mentioned in Sinha, Govind Narayan, ‘Judiciary and Environment’ in A comparative study of the environmental laws of India and the UK with special reference to their enforcement (the University of Birmingham Research Archive: 2003) pp 160-203.: in which Lord Diplock said: “It would, in view be a grave lacuna in. our system of public law if a pressure group, like the federation, or even a single public spirited taxpayer, were prevented by the outdated technical rules of locus standi from bringing the matter to the attention to the court to vindicate the rule of law get the unlawful stopped.”

^{^[33]} R v Inspectorate of Pollution, ex parte Greenpeace Limited [1994] 4 AII ER 329 and R v Secretary OF State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, ex parte World Development. Movement Limited [1995] 1 WLR 386 as mentioned in Sinha, Govind Narayan, ‘Judiciary and Environment’ in A comparative study of the environmental laws of India and the UK with special reference to their enforcement (University of Birmingham Research Archive: 2003) pp. 160-203.

^{^[34]} Human Rights Act, 1998: The Bill of Rights was introduced in the UK Parliament in 2022 to replace the Human Rights Act, 1998 but it was scrapped in 2023 (see: https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3227 ). It would have changed or removed provisions of the HRA and introduced a large number of new measures including new permission stage. Requiring claimants to prove they have suffered significant disadvantage as a result of a breach of their rights before they can take their claim to court.

^{^[35]} R v N Somerset District Council, ex parte Garnett and R v Somerset County Council, ex parte Dixon as mentioned in Sinha, Govind Narayan, ‘Judiciary and Environment’ in A comparative study of the environmental laws of India and the UK with special reference to their enforcement (University of Birmingham Research Archive: 2003) pp 160-203

^{^[37]} R v Secretary of State for the Environment, ex parte Rose Theatre Co [1990] 1QB 504 (as mentioned in the work) as mentioned in Sinha, Govind Narayan, ‘Judiciary and Environment’ in A comparative study of the environmental laws of India and the UK with special reference to their enforcement (University of Birmingham Research Archive: 2003) pp 160-203.

^{^[38]} Singh, Sukhwinder, ‘Sentry Approach of Judiciary for the protection of Environmental Pollution in India: A Bird’s Eye View’ (2019) 11 Dehradun Law Review 13-21.

^{^[39]} Hansaria, B.L., ‘Public Interest Litigation’ in Justice B L Hansaria’s Writ Jurisdiction (3rd) (Universal Law Publishing Co.: 2004) pp 528-556.

^{^[41]} (2000) 6 SCC 213 as referred in Rao Mamta, ‘Dynamics and Trend of PIL in India’, in Public Interest Litigation Legal Aid and Lok Adalats (5th) (Eastern Book Company: 2018) pp163-191.: A person, therefore guilty of causing pollution has to pay damages for the restoration of the environment and ecology

^{^[42]} (1996) 5 SCC 647 as referred in Rao Mamta, ‘Dynamics and Trend of PIL in India’, in Public Interest Litigation Legal Aid and Lok Adalats (5th) (Eastern Book Company: 2018) pp163-191.

^{^[43]} Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P (1985) 2 SCC 431: “There was mining operation going in certain limestone quarries which causing environmental and ecological imbalance to the detriment of the welfare of the people Mussoorie hill ranges. SC considered balanced and resolved competing policies, priorities and issues of resources including the need for development, environmental conservation, preserving hills and protecting substantial business investments.

^{^[44]} (1986) 2 SCC 176 as referred in Rao Mamta, ‘Dynamics and Trend of PIL in India’, in Public Interest Litigation Legal Aid and Lok Adalats (5th) (Eastern Book Company: 2018) pp163-191.

^{^[45]} M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1988) 1 SCC 471 as referred in Rao Mamta, ‘Dynamics and Trend of PIL in India’, in Public Interest Litigation Legal Aid and Lok Adalats (5th) (Eastern Book Company: 2018) pp163-191: related to water pollution in the Ganga River, a writ petition was filed to draw the attention of the court towards the nuisance caused to the people by the pollution of the river Ganga. Even though there was government legislation imposing a duty on Central and State Boards under the Water (Prevention and Control) of Pollution Act, 1974, they were unable to take proper measures.

^{^[46]} Immediate action is to be taken by the Municipality to construct sufficient latrines and urinals for the poor. Directed that High Courts should grant stay under section 482 CrPC only in extraordinary circumstances as it stalled the proceeding taken to prosecute industrialists or other persons who pollute rivers. To take measures so that dead or half-burnt bodies are not thrown into the river

^{^[47]}Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India (1996) 3 SCC 212: “The untreated industrial waste through chemical waste posing threat to the environment. The untreated water was allowed to flow out freely causing supply of water turning streams dark and dirty rendering it unfit for human consumption.” As referred in Rao Mamta, ‘Dynamics and Trend of PIL in India’, in Public Interest Litigation Legal Aid and Lok Adalats (5th) (Eastern Book Company: 2018) pp163-191.

^{^[49]} Pal Samaraditya, ‘Article 32’ in India’s Constitution Origins and Evolution Volume 3 (Lexis Nexis: 2015) 459- 498.

^{^[51]} Ibid.: With the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty in England, in general no executive action sanctioned by an Act of Parliament can be void by a Court. In addition, Parliament may also be able to jurisdiction of the Courts over certain matters. In India, however, t itself enshrines in Articles 32 and 226 the jurisdiction to issue writ of the prerogative remedies in the Supreme Court and the High Courts.

^{^[52]} Supra note 12: In England, this had not been the case, until the reforms of Order 53 were introduced, highlighting the ability of the drafters to take the English idea and mould it to the India constitution.

^{^[54]} Hirschl, Ran, ‘The Rise of Comparative Constitutional Law: Thoughts on Substance and Method’ (2008) 2 Indian Journal of Constitutional Law pp. 11-37.

^{^[55]} Watson, Alan, ‘Comparative Law and Legal Change’, (1978) 37 The Cambridge Law Journal pp. 33-336.

^{^[56]} Legrand P., ‘The Impossibility of Legal Transplants’, (1997) 4 Maastricht J. Euro. & Comp. L. pp. 111-124.

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

RESOLVING SPORTS DISPUTES: THE ROLE OF THE COURT OF ARBITRATION FOR SPORT (CAS) AND THE CASE FOR AN INDIAN SPORTS ARBITRATION COURT BY - DR. AARUSHI BATRA

DETAILED CASE COMMENTARY ON SAMIRA KOHLI V. DR. PRABHA MANCHANDA (2008) BY - BHAUMIK PRATAP SINGH

KILLING IN THE NAME OF HONOUR: AN ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF JUDICIARY BY - SHRIYA JAIN & MRIDU JAIN

SPECIAL TREATMENT: EXPLORING ASPECTS OF ASYMMETRICAL FEDERALISM IN INDIA AND ITS RELEVANCE BY - PALAK SHARMA

BEYOND EARTH: LEGAL CHALLENGES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS IN THE ERA OF SPACE TOURISM BY - SAURABH SINGH

FEMINISM MISUSED: UNPACKING THE DISTORTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT BY - MISS ANKITA VIJAY KAMERKAR

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF PATENT PORTFOLIOS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS BY - AISHWARYA PANDEY

THE LAW OF COMPARATIVE ADVERTISING AND FREEDOM OF COMMERCIAL SPEECH: A LEGAL AND SOCIAL WORK PERSPECTIVE BY - ARYAN SINGH

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PRE-PACKAGED INSOLVENCY FOR MSMES IN INDIA BY - NEETI GOYAL

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WRIT JURISDICTION IN THE UK AND INDIA VIS-À-VIS PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT BY - AVANISH KUMAR SONKAR & SAKSHI SINGH

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