INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

STANDARD OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL CASES BY - ANJALI BHATT

Authors: ANJALI BHATT

Registration ID: 108833 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8833

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: anjalibhatt46@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-81141935/STANDARD OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL CASES

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GENDER NEUTRAL LAWS IN INDIA: FOCSING ON UPCOMING LECUNAS OF SOCIETY BY - SANIA SIDDIQUE & MOHD AKASH

Authors: SANIA SIDDIQUE & MOHD AKASH

Registration ID: 108831 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8831 & IJLRA8832

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: saniasiddiqui23@gmail.com & mohdakash001@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-17362928/A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GENDER NEUTRAL LAWS IN INDI

THE IMPACT OF OFFENCES AGAINST WOMEN TOURIST IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW BY - ADITYA PRATAP SINGH

Authors: ADITYA PRATAP SINGH

Registration ID: 108830 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8830

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: Sadityapratap085@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-17422734/THE IMPACT OF OFFENCES AGAINST WOMEN TOURIST IN IN

RISE OF CONSUMER DISPUTES AT DIGITAL MARKETPLACE: AN ALTERNATIVE PATH TO JUSTICE BY - ADITYA PRATAP SINGH

Authors: ADITYA PRATAP SINGH

Registration ID: 108829 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8829

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: s2232.aditya@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-78548484/RISE OF CONSUMER DISPUTES AT DIGITAL MARKETPLACE:

"ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENT IN INDIAN MARKET" INSTEAD OF "INDIAN ECONOMY." BY - VIBEK MEHER

Authors: VIBEK MEHER

Registration ID: 108828 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8828

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: vibekmeher.student@slsnagpur.edu.in

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-12998874/ANTI COMPETITIVE AGREEMENT IN INDIAN ECONOMY

THE ULTIMATE PRECEDENCE IN LAW SCIENCES: FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE DOCTRINE AS THE NEW LEGAL PARADIGM BY - SANDEEP S. JAISWAL

Authors: SANDEEP S. JAISWAL

Registration ID: 108827 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8827

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: augjaiswal@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-62277927/THE ULTIMATE PRECEDENCE IN LAW SCIENCES: FLEXIBLE

EVALUATING CHALLENGES IN PROTECTION OF DIGITAL TRADE AND TRANSACTIONS THROUGH CYBERSPACE IN PERSPECTIVE OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW BY: SHUBHAM DIWATE

Authors: SHUBHAM DIWATE

Registration ID: 108826 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8826

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: shubhamrajeshdiwate@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-37896898/EVALUATING CHALLENGES IN PROTECTION OF DIGITAL TRA

CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND PROSPECTS OF IMPLEMENTING INDIA’S NEW CRIMINAL LAW: IN THE CONTEXT OF SWIFT JUSTICE BY: RUP KUMAR

Authors: RUP KUMAR

Registration ID: 108825 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8825

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-91582159/CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND PROSPECTS OF IMPLEM

THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2019: A SETBACK FOR INDIAN DEMOCRACY BY - RAM KUMAR BHARDWAJ

Authors: RAM KUMAR BHARDWAJ

Registration ID: 108824 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8824

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: bhardwaj.ramkumar03@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-23179849/THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2019: A

WTO AND TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO AGRICULTURAL SECTOR BY - GOPIKA KALIDAS

Authors: GOPIKA KALIDAS

Registration ID: 108823 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8823

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: gopika.kalidasn@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-98448229/WTO AND TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE WITH SPECIFIC

International journal for legal research and analysis

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[1] Andrew Ashworth, “Principles Of Criminal Law” 72 (2009).

[2] MatteoRizzolli and MargheritaSaraceno, “Better that X guilty person’s escape than that one innocent suffer” University of Milano-Bicocca Press, June 16, 2009.

[3] Byron M. Sheldrick, “Shifting Burdens and Required Inferences: The Constitutionality of Reverse Onus Clauses”, 44(2) U. torontofAc.l. rev. 179, 180 (1986).

[4] Rangammal v. Kuppuswami and Ors , (2011) 12 SCC 220.

[5]“That burden of proof lies on the person who first asserts the fact, and not on the one who denies that fact to be true. The responsibility of the defendant to prove a fact to be true would start only when the authenticity of the fact is proved by the plaintiff.”

[7] The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, §105:“Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions- When a person is accused of any offence, the burden of proving the existence of circumstances bringing the case within any of the General Exceptions in the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) or within any special exception or proviso contained in any other part of the same Code, or in any law defining the offence, is upon him, and the Court shall presume the absence of such circumstances”.

[8] David Hamer, “The Presumption of Innocence and Reverse Burdens: A Balancing Act”, Cambridge Law Journal, Vol. 66, No. 1, p. 142, 2007.

[9] Dahyabhai Chhaganbhai Thakkar v. State of Gujarat, AIR 1964 SC 1563.

[10] Pooja Garg, “Shifting trends in Burden of Proof & Standard of proof: an analysis of the Malimath Committee report”,Manupatra.

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[11] Prasannjeet S. Baghel, Pratik P. Chaudhary, Praveen Kumar “Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubts”, KIIT Law Journal. Available at:

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[13] M. Monir, “Textbook on Evidence Law”,Universal Publishing House, 2005.

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[15]PoojaGarg, “Shifting trends in Burden of Proof & Standard of proof: an analysis of the Malimath Committee report”, Manupatra. available at: http://www.manupatra.co.in/newsline/articles/Upload/33C9F78E-CCA3-454E-82D9-A2E693F4B5EE.pdf

[16]PoojaGarg, “Shifting trends in Burden of Proof & Standard of proof: an analysis of the Malimath Committee report”, Manupatra. available at: http://www.manupatra.co.in/newsline/articles/Upload/33C9F78E-CCA3-454E-82D9-A2E693F4B5EE.pdf

[17]R.V.E. venkatachalaGounderArulmiguViswesaraswami v. V.P. Temple, AIR 2003 SC 4548 : (2003) 8 SCC

752.

[18]V.D. Jhingan v. State of U.P., AIR 1966 SC 1762.

[19] “The accused during a criminal prosecution has at stake interests of immense importance, both because of the possibility that he may lose his liberty upon conviction and because of the certainty that he would be stigmatised by the conviction . . . Moreover use of the reasonable doubt standard is indispensable to command the respect and confidence of the community. It is critical that the moral force of the criminal law not be diluted by a standard of proof that leaves people in doubt whether innocent men are being condemned.”

[20] In Re Winship, 397 US 358 (1970), at pp. 361–64. See also the more recent elaboration of the rationale of the principle in R v. Oakes 26 D.L.R. (4th) 200 (1987), at pp. 212–214.

[21] Zuckerman, “The Burden Of Proof In Criminal Justice”, the Singapore Academy of Law Journal, Part II, PN 267.

[23] R v. Oakes 26 D.L.R. (4th) 200 (1987), at pp. 212–214.

[24] Zuckerman, “The Burden Of Proof In Criminal Justice”, the Singapore Academy of Law Journal, Part II, PN 267.

[26] Thomas Christopher Rider, “What is the Most Useful Standard of Proof in Criminal Law?”, Pragmatism Tomorrow 2013, Issue 1: No. 9.

Available at: http://www.pragmatismtomorrow.org/downloads/Essay009-RiderTC.pdf

[27] Thomas Christopher Rider, “What is the Most Useful Standard of Proof in Criminal Law?”,

available at: http://www.pragmatismtomorrow.org/downloads/Essay009-RiderTC.pdf

[28] Thomas Christopher Rider, “What is the Most Useful Standard of Proof in Criminal Law?”

available at: http://www.pragmatismtomorrow.org/downloads/Essay009-RiderTC.pdf.

[31]Rayaprolu Narayana Murthy v. RayaproluRamkrishna Sharma, 2002 AIHC 3151 (AP).

[32]M. NarsingaRao v. state of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 2001 SC 318 (322).

[38]SudiptoSarkar, VR Manohar , “Law Of Evidence” Lexis Nexis , 17^th edition 2010.

[39]“Just as in civil cases the balance of probabilities may be more readily fitted in one case than in another, so in criminal cases Proof beyond the reasonable doubt may more readily attend in some cases than others.”

[40]SudiptoSarkar, VR Manohar ,“Law Of Evidence” Lexis Nexis , 17^th edition 2010.

[41]State of West Bengal v. Orilaljaiswal, 1994 SC 1418, 1429.

[42]State of West Bengal v. Orilaljaiswal, 1994 SC 1418, 1429.

[43]Rawalpentavenkalm and Anr.v. State of Hyderabad, AIR 1956 SC171.

[44]Rawalpentavenkalm and Anr.v. State of Hyderabad, AIR 1956 SC171.

[45]Rawalpentavenkalm and Anr.v. State of Hyderabad[45], AIR 1956 SC171.

[48]SudiptoSarkar, VR Manohar , “Law Of Evidence” Lexis Nexis , 17^th edition 2010.

[49]KansamningalMikoi Devi v. kunamAchouba Singh, (2002) 1 GuLR 90 (Gau).

[51]MallappaSiddappaalakanur v. state of karnatake, (2009) 12 SCC 748 (755).

[52]MallappaSiddappaalakanur v. state of karnatake, (2009) 12 SCC 748 (755).

[53]Lakhwinder Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 2003 SC 2577 (2582).

[54]Basavaraj v State of Maharashtra, 2009, CrLJ 2088 (Bom).

[55]BhaskarRamappaMadar v. State of Karnataka , 2005 CrLJ 108 SC.

[56]Rigo v. State of Kerala, 2010 CrLJ 1315 (Ker.).

[57]State of M.P. v. Chamaru, 2001 (2) JLT 161 (M.P.).

[62]Shivaji v. the State of Maharashtra, AIR 2009 SC 56.

[1] Aditya Pratap Singh, Assistant professor, department of legal studies Lcit college of commerce and science

[3] Tourism Destination Competitiveness of India and China, Kumar, Phuong-Dung & Duc-Thang (2016)

[4] U.K. government, on its official website (Foreign Travel Advice, India), https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/india

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^{^[6]} “Conditions of Use” (Amazon Customer Service) accessed October 3, 2024

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^{^[8]} “THE EVOLUTION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ODR) PLATFORMS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ADR IN THE DIGITAL AGE”

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[7] Builders Ass’n of India v. Cement Mfrs. Ass’n & Ors., Case No. 29 of 2010, Competition Commission of India (2012)

[8] https://corporate.cyrilamarchandblogs.com/2016/11/curious-case-cement-cartel/

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[1] The author is Researcher Student of Master of Laws in Department of Law, IILM University Gurugram.

[2] Gibson, 1984; Benedikt, 1991; Dodge & Kitchin, 2001.

[3] OECD, 2019; WTO, 2018; López González & Ferencz, 2018.

[5] Anwarul Yaquin, Legal Research and Writing Methods, Lexis Nexis

[6] Google LLC v. Equustek Solutions Inc. (2017, Supreme Court of Canada)

[7] Data Protection Commissioner v. Facebook Ireland Limited, Maximillian Schrems (Schrems II) (2020, EU)

[8] Google LLC v. Equustek Solutions Inc. (2017, Supreme Court of Canada)

[2] Chakravarty, R. (2020). The RTI Act and the challenges to accountability in Indian governance. Journal of Public Administration, 45(4), 381-396.

[3] Sinha, D. (2019). Transparency and accountability in India: An analysis of the RTI amendments. Public Policy and Governance Journal, 31(2), 105-120

[4] Zafar, M. (2020). The right to information in India: A threat to transparency or a tool for empowerment? Journal of South Asian Politics, 30(3), 172-189.

[5] Nair, V. (2020). Impact of RTI amendments on the functioning of public authorities. Journal of Indian Public Policy, 27(2), 233-247.

[6] Singh, R. (2020). The role of RTI in strengthening Indian democracy: A critique of the 2019 amendments. Indian Political Science Review, 42(3), 245-262

[7] Mehta, R. (2021). Erosion of transparency? An analysis of the 2019 RTI amendments. Law and Society Review, 39(4), 452-468.

[8] Chakravarty, R. (2020). The RTI Act and the challenges to accountability in Indian governance. Journal of Public Administration, 45(4), 381-396.

[1] Donna Roberts, Timothy E. Josling & David Orden in their paper, A Framework for Analyzing Technical Trade Barriers in Agricultural Markets, Economic Research Service/USDA, 1800 M. Street NW, Washington, DC 20036-5831 (March 1999).

[2] Kym Anderson, Why Open Agricultural Trade Matters, University of Adelaide Press 6-31 (2017), https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.20851/j.ctt1sq5wc5.9.

[3] Anne Celia Disdier, Lionel Fontage & Mondher Mimouni, The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade: Evidence from the SPS and TBT Agreements, 90 AJAE 336-350 (2008), https://www.jstor.org/stable/30139588.

[4] Erik Wijkstrom & Devin, International Standards and the WTO TBT Agreement: Improving Governance for Regulatory Alignment, ERSD-2013-06 (2013), https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201306_e.pdf.

[5] Miet Maertens & Johan Swinnen, Agricultural Trade and Development: A Value Chain Perspective, ERDS-2015- 04 (2015), https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201504_e.pdf.

[6] The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Agro-Food Products and Technical Barriers to Trade: A Survey of Issues and Concerns Raised in the WTO’S TCT Committee, COM/TD/AGR/WP (2002)70/FINAL (2003), https://econwpa.ub.uni-muenchen.de/econ- wp/it/papers/0401/0401006.pdf.

[7] US congressional research services, Addressing Nontariff Barriers to Agricultural Trade at the WTO, (2021), https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11903.

[8] OECD, Regional trade agreements and agriculture, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 79 OECD Publishing (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5js4kg5xjvvf-en.

[9] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Document No. COM/TD/AGR/WP (2002)21/FINAL[en], OECD iLibrary, https://one.oecd.org/document/COM/TD/AGR/WP(2002)21/FINAL/en/pdf.

[10] McKinsey & Company, Digital Globalization: The New Era of Global Flows (McKinsey Global Institute, Aug. 2016), https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/digital-globalization-the-new-era- of-global-flows.

[12] World Trade Organization, Understanding the WTO: Overview, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/agrm1_e.htm.

[13] European Commission Directorate-General for Trade, Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs), https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/barriers.

[14] Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, art. 2, Apr. 15, 1994, 1869 U.N.T. 153

[16] Food Package Labeling, Sciencedirect (2014), https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/food- package-labeling.

[18] World Trade Organization, Technical Barriers to Trade, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tbt_e/tbt_info_e.htm.

[20] World Trade Org., Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex A, 1867 U.N.T. 154.

[21] Frank Kareth, Navigating the Food Labelling World, Intertek (2019), https://www.intertek.com/blog/2019/03- 05-food/.

[26] World Trade Organization, Agreement on Agriculture, https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/14- ag_01_e.htm.

[27] World Trade Organization, Market Access for Agriculture, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/ag_intro02_access_e.htm.

[28] World Trade Organization, Domestic Support in Agriculture, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/ag_intro03_domestic_e.htm.

[29] World Trade Organization, Export Competition in Agriculture, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/factsheetagric17_e.htm

[30] U.S. Trade Representative, Office of Agricultural Affairs, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade, https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/agriculture/sanitary-and-phytosanitary-measures-and-technical- barriers-trade.

[31] Geoffrey S. Becker, Agricultural Exports: Technical Barriers to Trade, University of North Texas Libraries (1997), https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs380/.

[32] Anne-Célia Disdier, Lionel Fontagné and Mondher Mimouni, The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade: Evidence from the SPS and TBT Agreements, 90 AJAE 336–350 (2008), http://www.jstor.org/stable/30139588.

[33] World Trade Organization, Sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS), https://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity-trade/market-access-trade/wto/sps.

[34] Source 1: A scientific report on the impact of antibiotic use in livestock on antimicrobial resistance. (e.g., World Health Organization report).

Source 2: A government regulation outlining restrictions on specific antibiotics in livestock feed. (e.g., European Union regulation).

[35] Source 3: A food safety handbook detailing permitted food additives and preservatives. (e.g., Codex Alimentarius).

Source 4: A national food safety law outlining regulations on food additives. (e.g., The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Additive Regulations).

[36] Source 5: A legal guide to international food labeling requirements for GMOs. (e.g., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) guidance).

[37] WTO, Country of Origin Labelling Requirements-Comparative Research and Conclusions, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/roi_e/bauer_medelroisept16.pdf.

[38] Codex Alimentarius Commission, General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods, https://www.fao.org/3/Y2770E/y2770e02.htm.

[39] International Trade Centre, A Guide to Sustainable Labeling and Claims, https://intracen.org/file/t4sdpublication20211217webpagespdf.

[40] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Codex Alimentarius, https://www.fao.org/fao- who-codexalimentarius/en/.

[41] World Trade Organization, Technical Barriers to Trade, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tbt_e/tbt_e.htm.

[42] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Codex Alimentarius, https://www.fao.org/fao- who-codexalimentarius/en/.

[43] Eugenio Diaz Bonilla, The Impact of WTO Agreements on Agriculture, IFPRI (2017), https://www.ifpri.org/blog/was-then-now-wto-and-agriculture.

[44] WTO, The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tbt_e/tbtagr_e.htm.

[45] Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1A, 1869 U.N.T. 154.

[47] WTO, Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade art. 1 (1986), https://wto.org/tbt.

[48] UNCTAD, Launch of the Least Developed Countries Report 2020, https://unctad.org/meeting/launch-least- developed-countries-report-2020.

[49] Codex Alimentarius Commission, Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs), https://www.fao.org/fao-who- codexalimentarius/codex-texts/maximum-residue-limits/en/.

[50] World Trade Organization, Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/sps_e.htm.

[51] International Trade Centre, E-commerce for Agriculture: Trade Impact for Business and Farmers, https://intracen.org/our-work/topics/food-and-agriculture.

[52] Food and Agriculture Organization, Food Chain Information and Consumer Awareness, https://www.fao.org/3/i5555e/i5555e.pdf.

[53] World Trade Organization, Trade-Related Technical Assistance and Capacity Building, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/devel_e/teccop_e/tct_e.htm.

[54] Mary E. Meek et al., The Trade Impacts of Stringent Food Safety Standards, 42 J. World Trade L. 1 (2008).

[55] U.S. Dep't of Agric., Animal & Plant Health Inspection Serv., Import Requirements, https://www.aphis.usda.gov/.

[56] Europa.eu, Questions and Answers on the Regulation of GMOs in the European Union, MEMO/07/117 (Apr. 17, 2007).

[58] International Food Policy Research Institute, The EU and Genetically Modified Organisms: A Literature Review (2003), https://food.ec.europa.eu/plants/genetically-modified-organisms/reports-and-studies_en.

[61] The European Commission recently proposed a new regulation on corporate sustainability due diligence, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52021PC0706.

[64] GATT Working Party on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Report, GATT Doc. MTN/FRT/SE/11 (1989), para. 132.

[65] World Trade Organization, Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Specific Trade Concerns Regarding the Import of Bovine Meat from India, WT/SPS/NGR/10 (2001).

[66] World Trade Organization, Trade Facilitation Agreement, art. 6 (2013), https://wto.org/tradefacilitation.

[67] World Trade Organization, Ministerial Declaration on the Review of the Implementation of Articles VI, XVI and XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, 13 (1994), https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/40-dadp2_e.htm.

[68] World Trade Organization, Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, art. 10 (1994), https://wto.org/tbt.

[69] World Trade Organization, Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, art. 3 (1994), https://wto.org/tbt.

[71] UNESCO Science Report, https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/unesco-science-report-towards- 2030-part1.pdf.

[73] DS430: India and United States, Measures Concerning the Importation of Certain Agricultural Products, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/430r_e.pdf.

[74] DS621: Slovak Republic and Ukraine, Measures Concerning Agricultural Products from Ukraine, https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/DS/621-1.pdf&Open=True.

[75] WT/DS381: United States and Mexico- Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds381_e.htm.

[76] DS389: European Communities and United States, Certain Measures Affecting Poultry Meat and Poultry Meat Products from the United States, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds389_e.htm.

[77] DS447: United States and Argentina, Measures Affecting the Importation of Animals, Meat and Other Animal Products from Argentina, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds447_e.htm.

[78] DS392: United States, Certain Measures Affecting Imports of Poultry from China, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds392_e.htm.

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IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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