INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

SUSCEPTIBLE OUTSIDE THE WOMB: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ON SURROGACY BY - VIDYA M.N

Authors: VIDYA M.N

Registration ID: 108532 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8532

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: vidya.mes@gmail.com

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LEGAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON RAPE VICTIMS BY - JYOTHI SHARMA

Authors: JYOTHI SHARMA

Registration ID: 108531 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8531

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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Email Id: jyothisharma@klelawcollege.org

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CHALLENGING DIVINE PATRIARCHY: IMPACT OF RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM ON CEDAW IMPLEMENTATION AND THE FEMINIST RESPONSE TO GENDER INEQUALITY BY - LIDA LALRAMMAWII

Authors: LIDA LALRAMMAWII

Registration ID: 108530 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8530

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EXPLORING THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE: RAWLS THEORY OF JUSTICE AND ITS IMPACT ON LEGAL PHILOSOPHY BY - DR. SANDEEP S. DESAI

Authors: DR. SANDEEP S. DESAI

Registration ID: 108529 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8529

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Email Id: sandeep.desai1970@gmail.com

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FROM TRADITION TO TRANSFORMATION: THE LEGAL AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF TRIPLE TALAQ IN INDIA BY - SHREYA PANDEY & PRIYANSY JAISWAL

Authors: SHREYA PANDEY & PRIYANSY JAISWAL

Registration ID: 108527 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8527 & IJLRA8528

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Email Id: shreya.unique2002@gmail.com

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AN OVERVIEW OF THE PRADHAN MANTRI PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUP (PVTG) DEVELOPMENT MISSION BY - UDAYASIMHA N G & BHAVANA CHANDRAN

Authors: UDAYASIMHA N G & BHAVANA CHANDRAN

Registration ID: 108526 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8525 & IJLRA8526

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“FROM BUDGET TO BARRELS: ANALYZING THE FINANCIAL IMPACT OF THE UNION BUDGET 2024 ON INDIA’S OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY” BY - ARUNDHATI MISRA

Authors: ARUNDHATI MISRA

Registration ID: 108524 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8524

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CORRUPTION: MISUSE OF AUTHORITY, AN ISSUE WITH SOCIETAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS. BY - DR. SHWETALI S. PATIL

Authors: DR. SHWETALI S. PATIL

Registration ID: 108523 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8523

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EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF THE GIG ECONOMY ON EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN INDIA BY - ANAM FATIMA

Authors: ANAM FATIMA

Registration ID: 108522 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8522

Year : Oct -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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^{^[1]} Kristin Lozanski, Transnational surrogacy: Canada's contradictions., 124 SOC. SCI. MED. 383 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.003.

^{^[2]} Rozée et. al., The social paradoxes of commercial surrogacy in developing countries: India before the new law of 2018, 20:234 BMC WOMEN'S HEALTH, 9-14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01087-2.

^{^[3]} H. Gottfried, and J. J. Chun, Care Work in Transition: Transnational Circuits of Gender, Migration, and Care, 44(7–8) CRIT. SOCIOL., 997–1012 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920518765931.

^{^[4]} Brianne Richards, "Can I take the Normal One?" Unrelated Commercial Surrogacy and Child Abandonment, 44:1(7) HOFSTRA LAW REV. 203, 212 (2015). (Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2809&context=hlr).

^{^[5]} Kristiana Brugger, International Law in the Gestational Surrogacy Debate, 35(3) FORDHAM INT. LAW J. 672 (2012). (Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2438&context=ilj).

^{^[6]} See Mehpara Haq, Ethical and Moral Issues Concerning Surrogacy, THE RMLNLU LAW REVIEW BLOG (July 31, 2015) https://rmlnlulawreview.com/2015/07/31/ethical-and-moral-issues-concerning-surrogacy/.

^{^[8]} Seema Mohapatra, Adopting an International Convention on Surrogacy- A Lesson from Intercountry Adoption, 13 (1) LOY. U. CHI. INT’L L. REV. 47 (2015). (Available at: https://lawpublications.barry.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1082&context=facultyscholarship).

^{^[9]} International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), G.A. Res. 2200A (XXI), art. 24, U.N. Doc. A/6316.

^{^[10]} European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), Rome, 4.XI.1950, art. 8.

^{^[11]} UN General Assembly, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material, 24 January 2017, A/74/162, available at: https://undocs.org/A/74/162 [accessed 09^th November, 2021].

^{^[12]} Act on Children and Parents Code 1949, (SFS 1949:381) Ch. 1-3.

^{^[13]} See Indian Council of Medical Research, National Guidelines for Accreditation, Supervision & Regulation of ART Clinics in India, 2005 (Guideline No. 3.5.5.) https://main.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/guidelines/b.pdf. But cf. MoHFW, Instructions regarding Commissioning of Surrogacy, (Notification dated November 4, 2015) at https://main.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/art/Document.pdf. (Whereby transnational surrogacy by foreign nationals in India has been wholly prohibited). See also Baby Manji Yamada vs. Union of India and Another, (2008) 13 SCC 518 (wherein the Apex Court had iterated the absence of adequate framework governing surrogacy in India).

^{^[14]} Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985, (c. 49, §2).

^{^[15]} Embryo Protection Act 1990, (Part I, No. 69).

^{^[16]} Mennesson v. France, No. 65192/11 ECHR 2014. See also PJS v. News Group Newspapers [2016] UKSC 26.

^{^[18]} Docket No. XII ZB 530/17, rev’d, 15 W 413/16.

^{^[1]} Candace Kruttschnitt et al., Legal Definitions and Context, in Estimating the Incidence of Rape and Sexual Assault (2014), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK202259/ (last visited Oct 12, 2024).

^{^[2]} Busra Yalcinoz-Ucan & Hande Eslen-Ziya, Disclosing Gender-Based Violence Online: Strengthening Feminist Collective Agency or Creating Further Vulnerabilities?, 24 Feminist Media Studies 1186 (2024), https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680777.2023.2229060 (last visited Oct 12, 2024).

^{^[3]} Pavel, #MeToo: A Political Issue in India’s Digital Presence, Research Outreach (Aug. 25, 2023), https://researchoutreach.org/articles/metoo-political-issue-indias-digital-presence/ (last visited Oct 12, 2024).

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^{^[6]} Kaitlynn Mendes, Jessica Ringrose & Jessalyn Keller, #MeToo and the Promise and Pitfalls of Challenging Rape Culture through Digital Feminist Activism, 26 Eur. J. Women’s Stud. 419 (2019).

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^{^[8]} Samuel Adams & Teresa Brunton, Social Media, Privacy, and the Courts: Navigating Legal and Ethical Boundaries, 15 J. Soc. Media L. 201 (2020).

^{^[9]} Rachel Gillingham, Public Shaming in the Digital Age: Legal Protections for Rape Victims, 40 Law & Soc. Inquiry 299 (2015).

^{^[10]} Tanya King, When #MeToo Becomes #NotYou: Analyzing the Negative Social Impacts of Social Media on Sexual Assault Survivors, 115 Feminist Rev. 149 (2017).

^{^[11]} Robin Kowalski, Susan Limber & Patricia Agatston, Cyberbullying: Bullying in the Digital Age (Wiley-Blackwell 2012).

^{^[12]} Rebecca Williams, Sexual Violence and the Internet: Legal Challenges and Solutions, 15 Int'l J. Cyber L. 207 (2018).

^{^[13]} Kathleen Richardson, Digital Justice: Social Media and the Legal Framework for Rape Survivors, 26 Women & Crim. Just. 312 (2016).

^{^[14]} Anastasia Powell & Nicole Henry, The Digital Abuse of Sexual Violence Survivors, 1 J. Gender, Tech. & Violence 5 (2016).

^{^[15]} Lauren Marshall, Social Media and Sexual Assault: The Legal Fallout, 104 Cornell L. Rev. 233 (2019).

^{^[16]} Alyssa Burrows, Privacy and Public Shaming: The Legal Consequences for Rape Survivors, 9 J. Soc. Media Ethics 99 (2018).

^{^[17]} Heather Hlavka, Normalizing Sexual Violence: Young Women Account for Harassment and Abuse, 28 Gender & Soc’y 337 (2014).

^{^[18]} Pavel, #MeToo: A Political Issue in India’s Digital Presence, Research Outreach (Aug. 25, 2023), https://researchoutreach.org/articles/metoo-political-issue-indias-digital-presence/ (last visited Oct 12, 2024).

^{^[19]} Pavel, #MeToo: A Political Issue in India’s Digital Presence, Research Outreach (Aug. 25, 2023), https://researchoutreach.org/articles/metoo-political-issue-indias-digital-presence/ (last visited Oct 12, 2024).

^{^[20]} Pavel, #MeToo: A Political Issue in India’s Digital Presence, Research Outreach (Aug. 25, 2023), https://researchoutreach.org/articles/metoo-political-issue-indias-digital-presence/ (last visited Oct 12, 2024).

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[1] Interview with Kapil Sibal (Pt.1) – Triple Talaq (2017) supreme court observer https://www.scobserver.in/journal/interview-with-kapil-sibal-pt-1-triple-talaq accessed on 02-10-2024

[2] "Triple Talaq and the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019: A Critical Analysis", Shabnam Khan, Journal of Law and Society, Vol. 45, No. 2, 2020

[3] "The Constitutional Validity of Triple Talaq in India: Examining the Supreme Court's Verdict" Anupama Roy, Indian Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 12, 2019.

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[9] Uttar Pradesh. (2024, September 22). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh

[10] Modi govt defends criminalising Triple Talaq in Supreme Court: ’Ensures gender justice of married Muslim women’ https://www.livemint.com/news/india accessed on 03-10-2024

[1] S. Rakshit and S. N. Pathak, "VISION OF PRADHAN MANTRI KAUSHAL VIKASH YOJANA AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA," Jamshedpur Research Review.

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[1] Antrikh P., Oil and Gas Market Size, Share, Growth & Industry Analysis, By Type (Upstream, Downstream, and Midstream), By Deployment (Offshore and Onshore), By Application (Residential, Commercial, and Industrial), and Regional Analysis, 2024-2031, Kings Research, (June 2024), https://www.kingsresearch.com/infographics/oil-and-gas-market-177.

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[3] Oil and Gas Industry in India, IBEF, (Sept, 2024), https://www.ibef.org/industry/oil-gas-india.

[4] Saurav Anand, Budget 2024: Govt allocates ?1.19 lakh crore for petroleum and natural gas, focus on strategic reserves and infrastructure, EnergyWorld (Jul 23, 2024, 6:01pm IST),
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-and-gas/budget-2024-govt-allocates-1-19-lakh-crore-for-petroleum-and-natural-gas-focus-on-strategic-reserves-and-infrastructure/111963647.

[5] Shubhangi Mathur, Budget@10: Oil and Gas Industry headed to energy transition, focused on self-reliance, Money Control, (Dec 29, 2023, 14:59 IST), https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/budget/budget10-oil-and-gas-industry-headed-to-energy-transition-focused-on-self-reliance-11927121.html.

[7] Pradeep Eapen Mathew, Oil and Gas Industry in India: Investment Opportunities and FDI, Invest India, (Sept 4, 2024), https://www.investindia.gov.in/sector/oil-gas#:~:text=India%20is%20the%203rd%20largest,over%20the%20Apr%2DJul%202023.

[9] Surabhi Sahu, India’s Union Budget for 2024-25 keeps some focus on natural gas amid renewables push, S&P Global, (23 Jul, 2024, 16:01 UTC), https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/lng/072324-indias-union-budget-for-fy-2024-25-keeps-some-focus-on-natural-gas-amid-renewables-push.

[10] Deepto Roy, Union Budget 2024-25: Will India’s Energy Sector get a Massive Boost?, BT, (Jul 22, 2024, 1:28pm IST), https://www.businesstoday.in/union-budget/story/union-budget-2024-25-will-indias-energy-sector-get-a-massive-boost-438097-2024-07-22.

[12] Government of India, Memorandum Explaining the Provisions in the Finance Bill, 2024, India Budget, (Jul 2024), https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/memo.pdf.

[13] The Income Tax Act, 1961, No. 43, Acts of Parliament, 1961 (India).

[15] Ms. Neetu Vinayek, Bolstering India’s Pathway to Energy Transition, Ernst & Young (Jul 23, 2024), https://www.ey.com/en_in/alerts-hub/2024/07/union-budget-2024-oil-and-gas-sector.

[18]Government of India, Memorandum Explaining the Provisions in the Finance Bill, 2024, India Budget, (Jul 2024), https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/memo.pdf.

[20] The Customs Tariff Act, 1975, No. 51, Acts of Parliament, 1975 (India).

[22] Dr. Sanjiv Agarwal, Recent Developments in GST, Tax Mngmt. India, (Aug 24, 2024), https://www.taxmanagementindia.com/visitor/detail_article.asp?ArticleID=12869#:~:text=2)%20Bill%2C%202024.&text=Amendment%20to%20Section%209%2C%20which,CGST%2C%20including%20certain%20additional%20goods.&text=Amendment%20to%20Section%2010%2C%20which,scheme%20for%20taxpayers%20under%20GST.&text=Insertion%20of%20Section%2011A%2C%20addressing,levied%20due%20to%20general%20practice.

[25] Melissa Cyril, India to Consider Easing Rules for FDI and Overseas Investments, India Briefing, (Jul 25, 2024), https://www.india-briefing.com/news/india-to-consider-easing-rules-for-fdi-and-overseas-investments-33749.html/#:~:text=The%20finance%20minister%20Nirmala%20Sitharaman,ground%20segment%20and%20user%20segment.

[28] Shubhangi Mathur, Budget@10: Oil and Gas Industry headed to energy transition, focused on self-reliance, Money Control, (Dec 29, 2023, 14:59 IST), https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/budget/budget10-oil-and-gas-industry-headed-to-energy-transition-focused-on-self-reliance-11927121.html.

[7] Section 7 of prevention of corruption Act,1988

[9] Section 7(b) Prevention of corruption Act,1988

[10] Section 7 (c) Prevention of corruption Act,1988

[13] “Property” under Benami Transaction Act,1988

[14] Section 3 of The Prevention of Money Laundering Act,2002

[15] Section 4 of Prevention of Money laundering Act,2002

[16] The words “which may extend to five lakh rupees” omitted by Act 2 of 2013, s. 4 (w.e.f. 15-2-2013).

[17] Exception of section 4 Prevention of Money Laundering Act,2002

[18] Lokpal an anti-corruption authority or body of ombudsman who represents the public interest in the Republic of India.

[21] DSPE – Delhi Special Police Establishment Act,1949

[1] The author is a Research Scholar at the Department of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

[2] B.R. Mukhopadhyay & B.K. Mukhopadhyay, Running to Stand Still: Gig workers in the Gig Economy, NORTH EAST COLOURS, Editorial, Sept 14th,2021.

[3] Ashwini Kishor Sonawane, “Women and Gig Economy: Opportunities and Challenges” 5 Ijfmr 2582 (2023).

[4] Section 2(35) of the Code on Social Security, 2020.

[5] Section 2(60) of the Code on Social Security, 2020.

[6] Roshni, “Despite Rise in Gig Economy, Women's Participation Still Less than 30%”, India Today, Aug.

08, 2022, available at: https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/jobs-and-careers/story/despite-rise-in-gig-economy-women-s-participation-still-less-than-30-1985236-2022-08-08 (last visited on Sept. 02, 2024).

[7] Dr. Vijeta Banwari, Gig Economy: Challenges and Opportunities in India, JETIR, Vol 5 Issue 11, (2018).

[8] Tigga S, “Gig Workers, Ola & Uber Drivers Go on Strike; Commuters, Food Deliveries Hit” The Indian Express (October 25, 2023) available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/gig-workers-olauber-drivers-go-on-strike-commuters-food-deliveries-hit-8999713/ (Last visited 03 September 2024). ¹⁰ Saha S, “Swiggy, Zomato Operations Hit as Delivery Workers Strike in Mumbai” The Economic Times (October 10, 2023) available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/swiggy-zomatooperations-hit-as-delivery-workers-strike-in-mumbai/articleshow/104289569.cms/ ((Last visited 03 September 2024).

[9] Khan H, “Rajasthan Passes Bill Extending Social Security to Gig Workers sans Debate” The Indian Express (July 25, 2023) available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rajasthan-passes-billextending-social-security-to-gig-workers-sans-debate-8857510/ ((Last visited 04 September 2024).

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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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