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WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA AUTHORED BY: ARJUMAND HAMEED & DR. AXITA SRIVASTAVA

Authors : ARJUMAND HAMEED & DR. AXITA SRIVASTAVA
Registration ID : 107726 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7726 & IJLRA7727
Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India 
Email Id : arjumand9415@gmail.com & ashrivastava@lko.amity.edu
Page No : 17 | No of times Downloads: 0065
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: NAVIGATING PRIVACY IN THE ERA OF SIMULATED REALITIES BY - SHANIKA SHUKLA

Authors : SHANIKA SHUKLA
Registration ID : 107725 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7725
Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India 
Email Id : shanika.shukla679@gmail.com
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SOCIO-POLITICAL TURMOIL DURING ELECTIONS IN INDIA BY – TANUSHA MONDAL

Authors : TANUSHA MONDAL 
Registration ID : 107724 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7724
Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India 
Email Id : tuhimondal1712@gmail.com
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“AMENDING PROCESS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON UNION STATE RELATIONS” BY - ADV KRUSHNAKANT JADHAV

Authors : ADV KRUSHNAKANT JADHAV
Registration ID : 107723 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7723
Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India 
Email Id : krushna.d.jadhav30@gmail.com
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THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT (R2P) AND ITS APPLICATION IN MODERN CONFLICTS. BY- KHYATI KUSHWAH

Authors : KHYATI KUSHWAH
Registration ID : 107722 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7722
Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India 
Email Id : khyatikushwah10@gmail.com
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“NAVIGATING THE LEGAL LANDSCAPE OF E- CONTRACT: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS” BY - MAITHILI KALE

Authors : MAITHILI KALE
Registration ID : 107721 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7721
Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India 
Email Id : maithilikale1@gmail.com
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STUDY OF THE PROTECTION AND SUPPORT AVAILABLE TO WHISTLEBLOWER IN INDIA AND THEIR ROLE IN EXPOSING CORPORATE VEIL BY - SAUMYA PRATIBHA TIRKEY

Authors : SAUMYA PRATIBHA TIRKEY
Registration ID : 107720 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7720
Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India 
Email Id : saumya.pratibha16@gmail.com
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THE UNIFORM CIVIL CODE OF UTTARAKHAND: AN ANALYTICAL RESEARCH BY - DR. RAJESH KUMAR DUBE

Authors : DR. RAJESH KUMAR DUBE
Registration ID : 107719 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7719
Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India 
Email Id : drrkdubelawdavpgddn@gmail.com
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REVOLUTIONIZING THE INDIAN LEGAL LANDSCAPE: PREDICTINING THE IMPACT OF AI AND VIRTUAL HEARINGS BY - ARYAMAN KESHAV

Authors : ARYAMAN KESHAV
Registration ID : 107718 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7718
Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India 
Email Id : aryamankeshav_ug20@tnnu.ac.in
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BEYOND THE BRANCHES: DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS BY - SAMIYA CHOUDHARY

Authors : SAMIYA CHOUDHARY
Registration ID : 107717 Published Paper ID: IJLRA7717
Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India 
Email Id : samiyachoudhary02@gmail.com
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International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

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All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

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Citation

Citation

Citation


[1] Nora Headling, Fundamentals of Constitution available at https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2016- 10/The%20Fundamentals%20of%20a%20Constitution.pdf last seen 28/4/2023
[2] Constitution of Free India: A draft available at https://www.constitutionofindia.net/historical_constitutions/constitution_of_free_india    a_draft m_n roy_
_1944 1st%20January%201944
[3] Massey, I. P. “THE PROCESS OF AMENDMENT AND THE CONSTITUTION A STUDY IN
COMPARATIVES.” Journal of the Indian Law Institute, vol. 14, no. 3, Indian Law Institute, 1972, pp. 407–19, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43950146.
[4] https://ijirl.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/AMENDMENT-OF-THE-CONSTITUTION-IN-INDIA-AND-US-A- COMPARATIVE-STUDY.pdf
[5] Shukla, V.N., Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.
[6] (1973) 4 SCC 225; AIR 1973 SC 1461
[7] AIR 1980 SC 1789
[8] 1951 SCR 89: AIR 1951 SC 458
[9] 1965 AIR 845, 1965 SCR (1) 933
[10] 1967 AIR 1643; 1967 SCR (2) 762
[11] (1973) 4 SCC 225; AIR 1973 SC 1461

Citation

[1] Gareth Evans & Mohamed Sahnoun, The responsibility to protect, Vol. 81, No. 6 (Nov. - Dec., 2002), 99-100
[2] Global Center for the Responsibility to protect,
https://www.globalr2p.org/what-is-r2p/#:~:text=The%20Responsibility%20to%20Protect%20%E2%80%93%20kno wn,cleansing%20and%20crimes%20against%20humanity. (last visited on feb. 08, 2024)
[3] Global Center for the Responsibility to protect,
https://www.globalr2p.org/what-is-r2p/#:~:text=The%20Responsibility%20to%20Protect%20%E2%80%93%20kno wn,cleansing%20and%20crimes%20against%20humanity. (last visited on feb. 08, 2024)
[4] United nations,
https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/about-responsibility-to-protect.shtml#:~:text=Paragraphs%20on%20the
%20Responsibility%20to%20Protect&text=Each%20individual%20State%20has%20the,through%20appropriate%2 0and%20necessary%20means. (last visited on mar. 10, 2024)
[5] UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE,
https://www.usip.org/programs/responsibility-protect-working-group, (last visited on Feb. 20, 2024)
[6] Prof. (Dr.) Jasmeet Gulati, The Responsibility to Protect under International Law with reference to the Afghan Crisis, INTERNATIONAL LAW BLOG (Apr. 09, 2024, 08:15 pm),
https://internationallaw.blog/2022/03/21/the-responsibility-to-protect-under-international-law-with-reference-to-the- afghan-crisis/
[7] Global Center for the Responsibility to protect, https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/libya/, (last visited on Mar. 14, 2024)
[8] Global Center for the Responsibility to protect, https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/#:~:text=For%20over%20a%20decade%20the,a%20matter%20of%20stat e%20policy. (last visited on Mar.15, 2024)

Citation

[1] Section 2h of Indian contract act 1872
[2] Section 2(h), Indian Contract Act of 1872
[3] E-contract- An Overview, available at: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/38507/9/09_chapter
%202.pd, (Visited on 5th April 2024)
[4] Section 2(a) of Indian Contract Act of 1872
[5] E-contracts and issues involved in its formation, available at: http://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l350- Econtracts-&-issues-involved-in-its-formation.html, (Visited on March 14, 2019)
[6] Contract laws, available at: http://newhorizonindia.edu/nhc_kasturinagar/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ CHAPTER-2Contract-Laws-Indian-Contract-Act1872.pdf, (Visited on March 14, 2019)
[7] Section 23, Indian Contract Act of 1872
[8] Section 25, Indian Contract Act of 1872
[9] Swords on Snapdeal and FB flourish, send 12 to prison, available at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62706073.cms? utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_c ampaign=cppst (Last visited on March 14, 2019).
[10] Section 10, Indian Contract Act of 1872
[11] Section 29, Indian Contract Act of 1872
[12] Section 56, Indian Contract Act of 1872
[13] Section 10, Indian Contract Act of 1872
[14] "Indian Contract Act, 1872" by Pollock and Mulla:
[15] "Authentication and Verification of E-Contracts" by Dr. Vivek Sarin (Eastern Book Company, 2020)
[16] Legal Aspects of E-Commerce and E-Contracts" by Dr. Alok Misra and Dr. Harpreet Kaur (Bharat Law House, 2020)
[17] "Electronic Contracts: Law and Practice" by Rohas Nagpal and Amol Kavatekar (Lexis Nexis, 2018).
[18] Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (ESIGN)
[19] Electronic Commerce: The Strategic Perspective" by Richard T. Watson and Pierre Berthon

Citation

[1] Richard Winters v. Houston Chronicle Publishing Co., 795 S.W.2d 723 (Tex. App. 14th Dist. 1990).
[2] Arup Barman, System of Whistle Blowing in India (2015).
[3] Arjumand Bano & Dr. Sanjay Baijal, Whistleblowing in India- Introspection (2019).
[4] https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebi_data/commondocs/corpgov_p.pdf
[5] National Found for Corporate Governance, Discussion Paper on Corporate Governance in India: Theory and Practice (Sept. 2004)
[6] F. Mayer, Corporate Governance, Competition, and Performance,’in Enterprise and Community: New Directions in Corporate Governance, ed. S. Deakin & A. Hughes (Blackwell, Oxford, 1997).
[7] Initial Services Ltd. v. Putterill & Another [1967] 3 All ER 145 (C.A.).

Citation

[1] As per researcher’s opinion religion and Dharma are altogether different concepts and should be used appropriately, according to the context.
[2] The Constitution of Bharat: Article-14.
[3] Id. Article 44.
[4] Id. Article 37.
[5] Supra at note 2.
[6] The Uniform Civil Code of Uttarakhand, 2024; Section 2.
[7] Id. Section 3 (1) (a).
[8] Id. Section 3 (1) (d).
[9] Dharmik Samskar is an essential and integral part of the Sanatan Dharma for performing Vivah Samskar of any Sanatani practicing such Dharma in his/her life.
[10] Supra at note 6; Section 5.
[11] Id. Section 3 (1) (e).
[12] Id. Section 6.
[13] Id. Section 378 read with 381.
[14] Id. Section 3 (1) (n).
[15] Id. Section 3 (1) (0).
[16] Id. Section 4.
[17] Id. Section 6.
[18] Id. Section 7.
[19] Id. Section 8.
[20] Id. Section 9.
[21] Id. Section 18 (2).
[22] Id. Section 20.
[23] Id. Section 21.
[24] Id. Section 22 (1).
[25] Id. Section 22 (2).
[26] Id. Section 23.
[27] Id. Section 24.
[28] Id. Section 25 (1).
[29] Id. Section 25 (2).
[30] Id. Section 25 (3).
[31] Id. Section 27.
[32] Id. Section 49.
[33] Id. Schedule-2.
[34] Id.
[35] Id.
[36] Id. Section 51; Rule 1.
[37] Id. Rule 2.
[38] Id. Rule 3.
[39] Id. Rule 4.
[40] Id. Rule 5.
[41] Id. Rule 6.
[42] Id. Section 52; Rule 1.
[43] Id. Rule 2.
[44] Id. Section 53.
[45] Id. Section 55.
[46] Id. Section 57.
[47] Id. Section 58.
[48] Id. Section 59.
[49] Id. Sections 61 to 63.
[50] Id. Sections 64 & 65.
[51] Id. Sections 66 to 69.
[52] Id. Sections 70 to 106.
[53] Id. Sections 107 to 112.
[54] Id. Sections 113 to 115.
[55] Id. Sections 116 & 117.
[56] Id. Sections 118 & 119.
[57] Id. Sections 120 to 134.
[58] Id. Section 135.
[59] Id. Sections 136 to 143.
[60] Id. Sections 144 & 145.
[61] Id. Sections 146 to 160.
[62] Id. Sections 161 to 164.
[63] Id. Sections 165 to 173.
[64] Id. Sections 174 to 185.
[65] Id. Sections 186 to 207.
[66] Id. Sections 208 to 358.
[67] Id. Sections 359 to 377.
[68] Id. Sections 378 to 389.
[69] Id. Section 4 (b).
[70] Id. Section 381.
[71] Id. Section 380.
[72] Id. Section 387.
[73] Id. Section 388.

Citation


[1] “Covid-19 And the Revamping Of The Indian Legal System - Operational Impacts and Strategy - India,” available at: https://www.mondaq.com/india/operational-impacts-and-strategy/1068670/covid-19-and-the-revamping-of-the-indian-legal-system.
[2] Mark A. Cohen, “COVID-19 And The Reformation Of Legal Culture” Forbesavailable at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/markcohen1/2020/04/14/covid-19-and-the-reformation-of-legal-culture/ (last visited May 2, 2023).
[3] In times of crisis, legal systems may prioritize maintaining established legal norms and procedures, rather than making rapid changes that could have unintended consequences. This caution can be seen in the way that legal systems have responded to challenges such as war, terrorism, and pandemics, where there has been a tendency to rely on existing laws and regulations rather than enacting new ones.
[4] Maneesh Chhibber, “How lockdown has hit judiciary, in numbers — April cases fall to 82k from 14 lakh avg in 2019” ThePrint, 2020available at: https://theprint.in/judiciary/how-lockdown-has-hit-judiciary-in-numbers-april-cases-fall-to-82k-from-14-lakh-avg-in-2019/413666/ (last visited May 3, 2023).
[5] Order of the Hon’ble Chief Justice of the Punjab and Haryana High Court, No. 5/Spl./RG/Misc., issued by Registrar General, 11 April 2020.
[6] Parliament of India. Rajya Sabha Secretariat, Interim Report on the Functioning of the Virtual Courts/Court proceedings through video conferencing, 11 September 2020, available at https://sansad.in/rs, accessed 3 May 2023.
[7] Editorial, “2.5K courts to be equipped for online hearing”, The Tribune, Dec. 7, 2020.
[8] Jyoti Rattan and Vijay Rattan, “‘The COVID-19 Crisis – the New Challenges Before the Indian Justice and Court Administration System,’” 12 International Journal for Court Administration 11 (2021).
[9] The State Of Maharashtra v. Dr. Praful B. Desai, (2003) 4 SCC 601.
[10] Krishna Veni Nagam v. Harish Nigam, (2014) Transfer petition (CIVIL) NO. 1912 OF 2014.
[11] Santhini v. Vijaya Venketesh, (2017) Transfer petition (CIVIL) NO.1278 OF 2016.
[12] Ibid.
[13] Ejaz Maqbool Hakim Akriti Chaubey,Mohammad Isa, “The Supreme Court is online: Pros, cons and the way forward for hearings by video conferencing” Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news, 2020available at: https://www.barandbench.com/columns/the-supreme-court-is-online (last visited May 3, 2023).
[14] All India Association of Jurists v. High Court of Uttarakhand, (2021) Writ Petition (Civil) NO. 941 OF 2021.
[15] “Retain virtual courts post COVID-19, too: Parliamentary panel, Sharma, Pratul”, The Week, 2020, accessed 3 May 2023.
[16] “Virtual Courts: A sustainable option?,”available at: https://www.barandbench.com/columns/virtual-courts-a-sustainable-option (last visited May 5, 2023).
[17] “India: internet penetration rate 2022,” Statistaavailable at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/792074/india-internet-penetration-rate/ (last visited May 5, 2023).
[18] Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Third edition, Global edition (Pearson, Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo, 2016).
[19] Clifford Chance, “Artificial Intelligence and The Future For Legal Services,” (2017).
[20] Ibid.
[21] Nikolaos Aletras et al., “Predicting judicial decisions of the European Court of Human Rights: a Natural Language Processing perspective,” 2 PeerJ Computer Science e93 (2016).
[22] “Judges Replacing Conjecture With Formula for Bail - The New York Times,”available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/27/us/turning-the-granting-of-bail-into-a-science.html (last visited May 5, 2023).
[23] Ganesh Sahu, Anshu Goyal and Satyabrat Sahoo, “A Review on Uses of Machine Learning in Judicial Court,” 7 (2022).
[24] “Can AI Be a Fair Judge in Court? Estonia Thinks So | WIRED,”available at: https://www.wired.com/story/can-ai-be-fair-judge-court-estonia-thinks-so/ (last visited May 5, 2023).
[25] In principle, both sides would submit papers and other relevant evidence, and the AI will provide a decision that may be appealed to a human judge. Estonia's 1.3 million residents already have a national ID card and are used to online services like e-voting and digital tax filing, so a robot judge could work.
[26] Aleš Završnik, “Criminal justice, artificial intelligence systems, and human rights” 20 ERA Forum 567 (2020).
[27] Jon Kleinberg, Himabindu Lakkaraju, et al., “Human Decisions and Machine Predictions*” The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2017).
[28] Shai Danziger, Jonathan Levav, et al., “Extraneous factors in judicial decisions,” 108 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 6889–92 (2011).
[29] Shreeyash U. Lalit and Raveena Lalit, “The New Normal in the Legal Profession: Embracing Technology” Legal Education and Legal Profession During and After COVID-19 237 (2022).
[30] Prashant Bhushan and Anr., (2020) SCC Online SC 407.
[31] “SC is global leader in virtual hearings, says law ministry,” The Times of India, 17 February 2021.
[32] Ibid.
[33] Stats taken from ‘Monthly Pending Cases: Supreme Court.’ https://main.sci.gov.in/statistics. Accessed 4 May 2023.
[34] Ibid.
[35] The Supreme Court e-committee was formed in 2004 by an order of the Ministry of Law and Justice in response to a suggestion by the then Chief Justice of India.
[36] E-committee Supreme Court of India (n 51).
[37]“India: internet penetration rate 2022,” Statistaavailable at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/792074/india-internet-penetration-rate/ (last visited May 5, 2023).
[38] Hani Nishad v. State of UP, SLP (Crl) No 8915/2018.
[39] State of Punjab & Anr. V. Rajesh Syal, AIR 2002 SC 3687.
[40] Narinderjit Singh Sahni v Union of India & Ors, WP (Crl) No 245/2000.
[41] Supra 31.
[42] Ganesh Sahu, Anshu Goyal, et al., “A Review on Uses of Machine Learning in Judicial Court,” 7 (2022).

Citation


[1] Jacob Finkelman, ‘Separation of powers: A Study in Administrative Law’, The University of Toronto law journal, Vol. 1, No.2, (1936).
[2] Kilbourne v. Thompson, 103 U.S. 168.  
[3] Vrad Kilor, Criminalization in Politics and Separation of Powers, (2022) PL February 64.
[4] Karan Tyagi, ‘The Doctrine of Separation of Powers and its Relevance in time of Coalition politics’, Vol. 69, No. 3, The Indian Journal of Political Science, pp. 619-625, (2008).
[5] constituent assemble debates(proceedings)- volume VII- Friday, 10th Dec, 1948, para 20.
[6] Constituent assemble debates(proceedings)- volume VII- Friday, 10th Dec, 1948.
[7] AIR 1968 SC 1138 at p. 1152.
[8] INDIA CONST. art. 62-72.
[9] INDIA CONT. art. 226.
[10] INDIA CONT. art. 227.
[11] INDIA CONT. art. 32.
[12] INDIA CONT. art. 136.
[13] P.M Bakshi, Comparative Law: Separation of Powers in India, 42 A.B.A.J. 553 (1956).
[14] INDIA CONT. art. 124(2).

[15] 1996 (5) SCC 670

[16] P. Kannadasan & Ors. v. State of Tamil Nadu 1996(5) SC 670.
[17] Kesavananda Bharti V. State of Kerela, (1973) 4 SCC 225.
[18] 1994 SCC (3) 569.  
[19] Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab,  (1994) 3 SCC 569.
[20] Karan Tyagi, ‘The Doctrine of Separation of Powers and its Relevance in time of Coalition politics’, Vol. 69, No. 3, The Indian Journal of Political Science, pp. 619-625, (2008).
[21] Richa Goel, ‘Separation of Power’, (3 october, 2022), <Separation of powers (ipleaders.in)>, accessed on 22 April, 2024.
[22] AIR 1955 SC 549.
[23] INDIA CONT. art. 73.
[24] INDIA CONT. art. 162.
[25] 1989 Supp (2) SCC 364.
 
[27] 1951 SCC 568.
[28]  INDIA CONT. art. 53(1).
[29] (2010) 5 SCC 538.
[30] 1965 SCC 1.
[31] AIR 1959 SC 459.
[32] Supra note 22.
[33] Ram Jawaya Kapoor V. Union Of India AIR (1955) SC 569.
[34] Mahantesh, Dyanmics of Constituionalism in iNida- An Appraisal, IJLS(2018) 28.
[35] Frankfurter-The Public and its Government (1930) quoted by B. Schwartz in American Constituional Law, 1955  Page 286.

Citation 2

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IJLRA N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)
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