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THE DICHOTOMY BETWEEN DOCTRINE OF INDOOR MANAGEMENT AND DOCTRINE OF CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE (By – Ayush Amar Pandey)

Author Name:  Ayush Amar Pandey
Title: THE DICHOTOMY BETWEEN DOCTRINE OF INDOOR MANAGEMENT AND DOCTRINE OF CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE 
DOI Link:: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-11374192/Ayush Amar Pandey
Email Id: ayushamarpandey8000@gmail.com
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Case Analysis- N. Raghavender v. State of Andhra Pradesh (By- Sakshi Singhania)

Author Name:  Sakshi Singhania
Title: Case Analysis- N. Raghavender v. State of Andhra Pradesh 
DOI Link:: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-66228645/Sakshi Singhania
Email Id: sakshi221103@nujs.edu
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ROLE OF GOLDEN AND MISCHIEF RULE IN PROMOTION OF JUDICIAL ACTIVISM (By- Gayatri Suraj Chawla)

Author Name:  Gayatri Suraj Chawla
Title: ROLE OF GOLDEN AND MISCHIEF RULE IN PROMOTION OF JUDICIAL ACTIVISM 
DOI Link:: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-32615915/Gayatri Suraj Chawla
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Analysis on difference between Summon and Warrant case (By-Yashaswani Parashar)

Author Name:  Yashaswani  Parashar
Title: Analysis on difference between Summon and Warrant case 
DOI Link:: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-84579266/Yashaswani Parashar
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SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF AFSPA (By- Sama Zehra)

Author Name:  Sama Zehra
Title: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF AFSPA
DOI Link:: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-44732974/ Sama Zehra
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SOCIAL MEDIA- THE NEW PILLAR OF DEMOCRACY (By- Sakshi Pranav Mehta)

Author Name: Sakshi Pranav Mehta
Title: SOCIAL MEDIA- THE NEW PILLAR OF DEMOCRACY
DOI Link:: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-67619233/Sakshi Pranav Mehta
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Understanding The Lifting Of Corporate Veil And Its Intricacies (By-Kayomard Irani & Tanaya Kulkarni)

Author Name: Kayomard Irani & Tanaya Kulkarni
Title: Understanding The Lifting Of Corporate Veil And Its Intricacies
DOI Link:: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-96191466/Kayomard Irani & Tanaya Kulkarni
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CHILD RIGHTS PROTECTION – A FICTION (By- Dr.M.Vidhyalakshmi)

Author Name: Dr.M.Vidhyalakshmi
Title: CHILD RIGHTS PROTECTION – A FICTION
DOI Link:: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-87313856/Dr.M.Vidhyalakshmi
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NEED FOR GENDER NEUTRAL LAWS IN LIGHT OF MARITAL RAPE (By-Paarth Jain)

Author Name: Paarth Jain
Title: NEED FOR GENDER NEUTRAL LAWS IN LIGHT OF MARITAL RAPE
DOI Link:: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-13447136/Paarth Jain
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Recapitulating Judicial Review In India (By- Soumyadeep Chakrabarti)

Author Name: Soumyadeep Chakrabarti
Title: Recapitulating Judicial Review In India
DOI Link:: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/06.2022-63995393/Soumyadeep Chakrabarti 
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« Previous Next »

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

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Citation



[1] MRF Ltd. v. Manohar Parrikar, (2010) 11 SCC 374
[2] Jasdev Singh & Ors. V. Unit Trust of India, 2011 SCC OnLine Del 2026
[3] 24th Edition, Dr. G.K Kapoor & Dr. Sanjay Dhamija, Company Law and Practice, 180 (Taxmann’s , August 2019)
[4] Houghton & Co. v. Nothard, Lowe & Wills Ltd., (1927) 1 KB 246 (CA)
[5] Royal Bank v. Turquand, (1856) 6 E&B 327
[6] Ernest v. Nicholls (1857) 6 H.L.C. 401
[7] Mahony v. East HolyFord Mining Co., (1875) LR 7 HL 869
[8] Id. at 5
[9] Raunak Bajaj, The Turquand Rule and its implications on the Indian Corporate Law, (2013) PL September 67
[10] Id. at 7
[11] Kunvar Bharat Singh, Doctrine of Indoor Management and exceptions to this rule, Legal Service India (June 21, 2022, 09:12 P.M.) https://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l203-Indoor-Management.html
[12] Pearl Narang, Memorandum of Association : Know everything about it, Companies Act 2013, iPleaders blog (June 2022, 06:22 P.M.) https://blog.ipleaders.in/memorandum-of-association-2/
[13] Oakbank Oil Co. vs. Crum, 1882 8 AC 65
[14] Varkey Souriar v. Keraleeya Banking Co. Ltd. Thiruvalla, 1956 SCC OnLine Ker 32
[15] Ram Baran Singh v. Muffassil Bank Ltd., AIR 1925 All 206 (2) (B)
[16] Royal British Bank v. Turquand, (1856) 6 El & Bl 327 (A)
[17] Dehra Dun Mussorie Electric Tramway Co. Ltd. v. Jagmandar Das, AIR 1932 All 141 (C)
[18] Lakshmi Ratan Cotton Mills Co. Ltd, v. J. K. Jute Mitts Co. Ltd., AIR 1957 All 311
[19] Howard v. Patent Ivory Co., (1888) 38 Ch D 156.
[20] Rama Corporation v. Proved Tin & General Investment Co., (1952) 1All. ER 554
[21] Rouben v. Great Fingal Consolidated (1906) AC 439
[22] Kreditbank Cassel v. Schenkers Ltd. (1927) 1 KB 826
[23] Underwood v. Benkof Liverpool, (1924) 1 KB 775
[24] Anand Behari Lal v. Dinshaw & Co. (Bankers) Ltd., AIR 1942 Oudh 417
[25] Varkey Souriar v. Keraleeya Banking Co. Ltd., (1957) 27 Com Cases 591 (Ker.)
[26] Pacific Coast Coal Mines v. Arbuthnot, (1917) AC 607.
[27] Dey v. Pullinger Engg Co., (1921) 1 KB 77.
[28] MRF Ltd. v. Manohar Parrikar, (2010) 11 SCC 374
[29] Morris v. Kanssen, (1946) 1 ALL ER 586,592.
[30] Id. at 2
[31] Mahoney v East Holyford Mining Co., (1875) LR 7 HL 86
[32] Id. at 17

Citation


 


[1] N. Raghavender v. State of Andhra Pradesh, CBI, Writ Petition No.10509 Of 2019
 
[2] Indian Penal Code, 1860, §120B- Punishment for Criminal Conspiracy
[3] In this case, the appellant was charged under Section 302, and several other provisions, along with six other accused, who were acquitted. The case pertained to the murder of an ‘X’ at the doorstep of Y’s house. The case was first tried at the Trial Court, wherein the Court acquitted the Appellant for the want of evidence, in light of contradictory claims made by the Eye-witnesses presented by the Prosecution. This decision was overturned at the High Court, and the Appellant then challenged the order under the Supreme Court. The Apex Court held that the discrepancies in the claims of the eye-witness were not something minor, and had to be taken into account. When viewed with the non-Examination of a material witness (Y), turned to be fatal to the prosecution’s case. Thus, the Court gave the Appellant the benefit of the doubt and reversed the High Court order.
Prabhat Bhai Narayan Wagh & Ors v. State Of Maharashtra, Criminal Appeal No. 72 of 2008, ¶10
[4] In this case the Court explained that withholding the statement of a material witness leads to a dent in establishing the case against the accused. If this is done without any convincing explanation, it draws an adverse inference on the prosecution’s case. The Court also held that an Injured witness is given more credibility than an ordinary witness[4].
Mahak Chand And Others v. State Of Uttar Pradesh, Criminal Appeal, 1122 of 1993, ¶64.
[5] In the Hari Sao case, the accused was charged with cheating wherein he represented that X number of bags were present at the time of loading onto the train, however, later only a reduced number of bags were delivered. The Trial and the High Court found the accused guilty of the said offense. Their decision was, however, overturned by the Supreme Court, stating that the false representation made by the accused did not lead to an extra burden on the other party (Railways), and they were unlikely to suffer any loss or damage. In such a scenario, no question of cheating the Railways could be inferred[5].
Hari Sao and Another v. State of Bihar, Criminal Appeal No. 240(N) of 1966, ¶10
[6] In the latter case of Mohd. Ibrahim, the Court while assessing the ingredients of Cheating held that the act or omission must cause or be likely to cause damage or harm to the person, either in body, mind, or property. The Court reiterated the principle laid in the case of Dr. Vimla v. Delhi Administration [1963 AIR 1572] that defrauding someone had two elements, namely- deceit and injury. Injury is not merely any pecuniary loss but refers to the harm caused to one’s mind, body, reputation, or such others[6].
Mohd. Ibrahim and Another v. State of Bihar, Criminal Appeal No. 1695 of 2009, ¶13, ¶15
[7] Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Section 313
[8] In the Samsul case, the court upheld the principle of Audi Alteram Partem, giving the accused the right to defend himself. It stated that those circumstances that are not placed before the accused during his statement under Section 313 of the CrPC, must be removed from consideration. The Court reiterated the principle established in Asraf Ali v State of Assam [Criminal Appeal No. 174 of 2001].
Samsul Haque v. State of Assam, Criminal Appeal 1905 of 2009, ¶13, ¶22.
[9] The Constitution of India, Article 136.
[10] The Courts in several decisions like Ganga Kumar v. State of Bihar [Criminal Appeal 1186 of 1999] and Dalbir Kaur v. State of Punjab [1977 AIR 472] has held that the authority of the Court vide Article 136, for criminal cases, does not extend to interfering with the fact-findings of any case. The same is allowed only in Special Circumstances when the facts ascertained by the lower courts lead to gross injustice.
[11] In the case of N.V. Subbarao v. State, the accused was the Branch Manager of the Central Bank of India, and was charged under Section 420 of the IPC, among others, for defrauding the Bank. The Court, inter alia, noted that even though the accused claims all the transactions to be genuine, it is his burden to establish that all the conditions were met satisfactorily. He, being the custodian of the Bank, has to shoulder the entire responsibility.
N.V. Subbarao v. State, Criminal Appeal No. 1688 of 2008, ¶15
[12] In this case, the accused being acquainted with the practices of the Bank, was held guilty. The Court also viewed the conduct of the accused as a series of events, rather than viewing the misconduct in isolation. While substantiating Section 405 of the IPC, the Court laid that the section is attracted even when one allows somebody else to misappropriate the property entrusted to him. The section applies in both a negative and positive case, in a negative manner it relates to using dishonesty to dispose of the property. The positive case includes the misappropriation or conversion of property. 
Vinayak Narayan Deosthali v. Central Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Appeal 346 of 2004, ¶361
[13] The accused in this case, was the Chairman-cum-Chief Executive Officer (CCEO) of Noida and was charged with abuse of power, vide Section 13(2) and 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act. The Court held that the charge of Criminal Misconduct would be attracted when the accused obtains anything valuable or of monetary advantage by corrupt practices. The Court also held that such a gain can be in the favour of the accused or any other person in his relation. The Court reiterated that when an office-bearer acts in Flagrant violation of norms to uphold his interests, bypassing the public need, he has abused his power as an official. 
Neera Yadav v. Central Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Appeal 253 of 2017, ¶ 49
[14] N. Raghavender v. State of Andhra Pradesh, writ petition 10509 of 2019, ¶37
[15] Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 409
[16] The Appellant was a dealer at a Fair-Price Shop, and was required to distribute free rice under the Food for Work Scheme, and maintain the accounts of the rice distributed. In the year 2002, a complaint was filed regarding the irregular supply of rice, that is, an essential commodity. On inspection, the officials could not get true records/accounts from the Appellant. It was recorded through evidence that the Appellant could not explain the correct accounts, and that he distributed the grains against the express statutory orders. The Court also recognised that the Appellant was ‘entrusted’ with the essential commodities. The Court found the Appellant guilty under Section 409, claiming that no leniency or sympathy could be shown, especially when the property entrusted, was essential commodities.
Sadhupati Nageswara Rao v. State of Andhra Pradesh, Criminal Appeal No. 1159 of 2012, ¶9, ¶11
[17] Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 406- Punishment for criminal breach of trust
[18] Indian Penal Code 1860, Section 405
[19] Somnath Puri v. State of Rajasthan, 1972 AIR 1490; State of Punjab v. Pritam Chand, Criminal Appeal no. 28-DBA of 1991
[20] N. Raghavender case supra, ¶62
[21] N. Raghavender supra, ¶45
[22] N. Raghavender case supra, ¶62
[23] N Raghavender case supra, ¶47
[24] Binod Kumar and others v. State of Bihar, Criminal Appeal No. 2327 of 2014, ¶17
[25] Indian Penal Code 1860, §415
[26] Hari Sao v. State of Bihar, AIR 1970 SC 843, ¶6
[27] Charu Chandra Ghose and Others v. King-Emperor, AIR 1924 Cal 502; Rekha v. Abdul Wahaf, Criminal Original Petition (Md) No. 7734 of 2010, ¶14
[28] P.S.A Pillai, Criminal Law, LexisNexis, 14th Edition 2021, Page 948.
[29] Narayan Das v. State of Orissa, AIR 1952 Ori 149; Ram Nath v. State of MB, AIR 1951 MB 100, ¶6
[30] Mahadeo Prasad v. State of Bombay, AIR 1954 SC 724, ¶4
[31] Shivanarayan Kabra v. State of Madras, AIR 1967 SC 986, ¶4
[32] Med Chi Chemicals & Pharma Ltd v. Biological E Lt, AIR 2000 SC 1869
[33] Anil Kumar Bose v. State of Bihar, AIR 1974 SC 1560
[34] Id, ¶12, ¶15
[35] N. Raghavender case supra, ¶48
[36] N. Raghavender Case supra, ¶48
[37] Id, ¶67
[38] Hair Singh Gour, Penal Law of India, Edn Law Publishers, Volume 4, 11th Edition 1998, Page 4200
[39] Harnam Singh v. Delhi Administration, AIR 1976 SC 2140, ¶18
[40] Indian Penal Code, 1860, Section 477A
[41] A Jayaram v. State of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1995 SC 2128, ¶25
[42] M. Raghavender case supra, ¶26
[43] Ulhas Khaire @ Lokeshwar Dev v. State, CR No. ­ 91/16 (Case No. 56308/16)
[44] Basant Misra and Another v. State of Haryana and others, Criminal Misc. M No.43667 Of 2003    
[45] Mahindra and Mahindra Financial Services Ltd and another v. Delta Classic Pvt. Ltd, Criminal Petition No. 274 of 2008
[46] Id, ¶17
[47] Vadivel v. Packialakshmi, 1996 CriLJ 300
[48] Id, ¶9
[49] Wolfgang Reim and others v. State and Another, Criminal M.S. No. 1942 of 2004
[50]  Jalpa Parahad Aggarwal v. State of Haryana and others, 1987 (2) RCR 427
[51] Durland v. United States, 161 U.S. 306 (1896), US Supreme Court
[52] Dr. Vimla v. Delhi Administration, 1963 AIR 1572
[53] Kotamraju Venkatrayadu v. Emperor, Criminal Revision Case No. 463 of 1903
[54]  Kandipalli Madhavarao v. State Of A.P, 2007 CriLJ 4555, ¶18
[55] Revision vs By Advs.Sri. Sayed Murthala, Crl.Rev.Pet.No. 471 of 2004, ¶10
[56] Union of India through its secretary, Ministry of Defense and Others v. Rabinder Singh, Civil Appeal No. 7241 of 2002, ¶23
[57] Vinayak Narayan Deosthali v. Central Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Appeal 346 of 2004, ¶361
[58] N. Raghavender case supra, ¶7
[59] A Jayaram v. State of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1995 SC 2128, ¶25
[60] United States v. D'Amato, 39 F.3d 1249 (2d Cir. 1994)
[61] United States v. Regent Office Supply Co., 421 F.2d 1174, 1180-81 (2d Cir. 1970)
[62] Lord Radcliffe, in, Welham v Director of Public Prosecutions, [1961] AC 103
[63] Bank Of Baroda v. Govind Ram Agarwal, 2007 (3) CHN 60, ¶10, ¶12
[64] Anz Grindlays Bank P.I.C. And Anr. v. Shipping And Clearing (Agents), 1992 CriLJ 77, ¶10
[65] Attorney-General of Canada and another v. Attorney-General of the Province of Quebec and another, Privy Council Appeal No. 43 of 1944, ¶22
[66] Velji Lakhamsey & Co. vs B.R. Banaji, (1955) 57 BOMLR 993
[67] Jaswant Rai Manilal Akhaney v. State of Bombay, AIR 1956 SC 575
[68] Id, ¶13
[69] Debobrata Gupta v. SK Ghosh, Criminal Appeal No. 134 of 1967
[70] Dada Rao v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1974 SC 388
[71] Charu Chandra Ghose and Others v. King-Emperor, AIR 1924 Cal 502; Rekha v. Abdul Wahaf, Criminal Original Petition (Md) No. 7734 of 2010, ¶14
[72] G. Laxminarayan Naidu v. Chitiboina Yerraiah, 1985 (II) Ori LR 119
[73] Shri Bhagwan Samardha Sreepadha Vallabha Vishwanandha Maharaj v. State of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1999 SC 2332
[74] Id, ¶8
[75] N.V. Subbarao v. State, Criminal Appeal No. 1688 of 2008, ¶15
[76] Jaikrishnadas Manohardas Desai v. State of Bombay, AIR 1960 SC 889, ¶6
[77] Bank not a trustee of money deposited by Customers- Customer & Bank are creditor/Debtor: SC, Taxguru, 31st December 2021, Available here.
[78] N. Raghavender case supra, ¶62
[79] Mustafikhan v. State of Maharashtra, Criminal Appeal No. 1261 of 2006, ¶12
[80] Fraud Facts, March 2014, Fraud advisory Panel, Issue 17, 3rd edition, Available here.
[81] Samarth Trigunayak, Criminal Breach of Trust, Academike, 20th August 2014, Available here.
[82] Fraud Facts, supra
[83] General Laws, Part I, Title XXI, Chapter 151D, Section 6, The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Available here.
 

 [ss1]Entrustment

Citation

[1] Literal Rule of interpretation
[2] Duport Steel v Sirs 1980
[3] Fortune magazine 1947
[4] ‘Conflict of law’ by Prof. Kermit Roosevelt.
[5] ‘concept of judicial activism’ by  Vaibhavi Batra of Amity Law School, Noida
[6] AIR 1979 SCR (3)  169
[7] 1973 4 SCC 255
[8] 1967 AIR 1643, 1967 SCR (2) 762
[9] London and North Eastern Railway v. Berriman 1946
[10] 1872
[11] 1857 6 HL Cas 61
[12] 1584 76 ER 637
[13] Act for dissolution
[14] AIR 1965 S.C 881
[15] 1956 AIR 541
[16] AIR 1953 SC 436
[17] Rex v. Ramdayal (I.L.R 1950 Allahabad 395)

Citation

[1] Md. Abdul rauf v. shib kumar Khanna (1980) 1 CHN 276.
[2] Hemendra Nath v. Archana, AIR 1971 Cal 244.
[3] Guthikonda Sri Hari Prasad Rao v. Guthikonda Lakshmi Rajyama, 1992 (2) Andh LT 658.
[4] Inder Mohan Goswami v. State of Uttarakhand, (2007) 12 SCC 1.
[5] Raghuvansh Dewanchand Bhasin v. State of Maharastra, AIR 2011 SC 3393.
[6] Emperor v. Somabhai, (1907) 9 Bom LR 1346.
[7] The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, §2(x), No.2, Act of Parliament, 1974 (India).
[8] The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, §2(w), No.2, Act of Parliament, 1974 (India).

Citation

[1] Upendra Baxi, “Crisis of the Indian legal system” (1982)
[2] Davide Giordanengo, “the state of exception” (2016) < https://www.e-ir.info/2016/06/21/the-state-of-exception/> accessed 2May 2022.
[3] UNHRC, “Mission to India” , jan 2011
[4] McDuie Ra, “Fifth year disturbance: armed forces special powers Act & exceptionalism in South Asian periphery” (2009) 17 CSA, 255.
[5] Reynolds, Empire emergency & international laws, (Cambridge University Press 2018)
[6] Esar and ors., Do you remember kunan poshpora? , ( Zubaan, 2016)
[7]Amit Ranjan, A gender critique of AFSPA: security for whom? (2015) SAGE
[8]Ayesha pervez,  Sexual violence & culture of impunity in Kashmir, (2014) 49 (Economic & political weekly) 10
[9] S(125), Armed forces special protection Act, 1958

Citation

[1]Indian media and entertainment industry projected to reach USD 100 bn by 2030: I&B secretary, The EconomicsTimes(18/03/2022)https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/indian-media-and-entertainment-industry-projected-to-reach-usd-100-bn-by-2030-ib-secretary/articleshow/90311661.cms?from=mdr last accessed on 24/03/2022
 
[2]Digital advertising industry in India expected to reach Rs 35,809 crore market size by 2023: Report, Financial Express
 
[3]Media A Fourth Pillar of Democracy, https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-3487-media-fourth-pillar-of-democracy.html
[4]‘Government notifies Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021’, Press Information Bureau, February 25, 2021.
[5]MansoorIqbal, ‘WhatsApp Revenue and Usage Statistics (2021)’, May 13, 2021
[6]‘Writ Petition (Civil) No. 754 of 2016’ Supreme Court of India, July 17, 2018.
[7]‘In Re: Prajwala Letter Dated 18.2.2015 Videos of Sexual Violence and Recommendations’, Supreme Court of India, October 23, 2017
[8]https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-information-technology-intermediary-guidelines-and-digital-media-ethics-code-rules-2021, last  accessed on 10th May 2022

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[1] Shittu A. Bello and Ogwezzy C. Michael, Piercing the Veil of Business Incorporation: An Overview of what Warrants It, 3, Review of Contemporary Business Research, 117, 117-138, (2014)
[2] B.A Garner, (ed), Blacks Law Dictionary, 7th edn, St Paul, MINN, West Group Publishing, 2000, p.276.
[3] Gallaghar v. Germania Brewing Co., (1893) 53 Minn. 214
[4] Avtar Singh, Company Law, (15thedn, Eastern Book Company, 2007)
[5] Salomon v. A Salomon & Co. Ltd, [1896] UKHL 1
[6] Lee v. Lee’s Air Farming Ltd (1961) AC 12
[7] Parag Agarwal, The Landmark case of Salomon v Salomon and Co Ltd, 1897, https://www.jusdicere.in/salomon-v-salomon-co-jusdicere/
[8] Ashu Bala, Lifting of Corporate Veil: Indian Scenario, http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/1876/Lifting-of-Corporate-Veil:-Indian-Scenario.htmll
[9] Delhi Development Authority v. Skipper Construction Co. (P) Ltd., 1996 4 SCC 622
[10] Adv. Paarth N. Chanchlani, An Analytical Study on Lifting of Corporate Veil”
(With Special Reference in Fraudulent Transactions and Criminal Liability for Misstatements in Prospectus)
, 16, PEN ACCLAIMS, 1-23, (2021)
[11]Manish Kumar Singh, Analysis of lifting of corporate veil, 6, International Journal of Law, 109,109-115 (2020)
[12] Gilford motor company ltd v. Horne
[13]Jones v. Lipman [1962] 1 All ER 442
[14] Sir Dinshaw Maneckjee Petit, Re AIR 1927 Bom. 371
[15] Daimler Company Ltd v. Continental Tyre & Rubber Co[1916] 2 AC 307
[16] Gilford motor company ltd v. Horne [1933] 1 CH 935
[17]R. Judith Priya, S. Susmitha, Subhicksha, B. Thenmozhi, A Descriptive Study of the Doctrine of Lifting of Corporate Veil, 3, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 6, 6-9,
[18] The Companies Act, 2013, § 5, No.10, Acts of Parliament, India (2013)
[19]P. Shanthini, MS. Arya. R, A study on lifting of corporate veil with reference to case laws, 120, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS, 121, 121-130, (2018)
[20] The Companies Act, 2013, § 464, No.10, Acts of Parliament, India (2013)
[21] The Companies Act, 2013, §62, 63,  No.10, Acts of Parliament, India (2013)
[22]The Companies Act, 2013, § 216, No.10, Acts of Parliament, India (2013)
[23] The Companies Act, 2013, § 12, No.10, Acts of Parliament, India (2013)
[24] The Companies Act, 2013, § 339, No.10, Acts of Parliament, India (2013)
[25] Vodafone International Holdings B.V. v. Union of India, (2012) 6 SCC 613. 

Citation

[1] Asha Bajpai, “Child Rights in India, Law, Policy and Practice”, Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, 2006, p.33.
[2] UN convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989.
[3] Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.
[4] Supra 2.
[5]  Britannica Inc., “The World Book Encyclopeadia”, Chicago, Illinois, 1998, Vol I, p.66.
[6] Article 9 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child states that the child should be ideally brought up in a family environment that is secure, nurturing and protects its rights.
[7] Asha Bajpai, “Child Rights in India, Law, Policy and Practice”, Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, 2006, p.41.
[8] Article 15 of the Indian Constitution.
[9] Supra 6
[10] Department of Women and Child Development, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.
[11] Gross domestic product is the sum of value added all resident product taxes not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income from abroad.
[12] National Plan of Action for children, 2005, government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Women and Child Development, New Delhi, India, 2005.

Citation

[1] I NDIA CONST. art. 15, cl. 2.
[2] IPC. § 375, 376.
 
[4] Navin Kumar Jaggi, Why There Is A Need Of Gender Neutral Laws In India?, Legal Service India, (June, 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-7370-why-there-is-a-need-of-gender-neutral-laws-in-india-.html
 
[5] Diva Rai, What are the laws on gender neutrality in India, Blog IP Leaders, (June, 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://blog.ipleaders.in/what-are-the-laws-on-gender-neutrality-in-india/
[6] Id.
[7] Id.
[8] Kerti Sharma and Shipra Tiwari, Should Sexual Offences be Gender Neutral, SCC Online (June. 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2021/05/27/should-sexual-offences-be-gender-neutral/
 
 
[9] Diva Rai, What are the laws on gender neutrality in India, Blog IP Leaders, (June, 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://blog.ipleaders.in/what-are-the-laws-on-gender-neutrality-in-india/
[10] Id.
[11] Navin Kumar Jaggi, Why There Is A Need Of Gender Neutral Laws In India?, Legal Service India, (June, 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-7370-why-there-is-a-need-of-gender-neutral-laws-in-india-.html
[12] Diva Rai, What are the laws on gender neutrality in India, Blog IP Leaders, (June, 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://blog.ipleaders.in/what-are-the-laws-on-gender-neutrality-in-india/
[13] Id.
[14] Id.
[15] Navin Kumar Jaggi, Why There Is A Need Of Gender Neutral Laws In India?, Legal Service India, (June, 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-7370-why-there-is-a-need-of-gender-neutral-laws-in-india-.html
[16] Kerti Sharma and Shipra Tiwari, Should Sexual Offences be Gender Neutral, SCC Online (June. 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2021/05/27/should-sexual-offences-be-gender-neutral/
 
[17] Diva Rai, What are the laws on gender neutrality in India, Blog IP Leaders, (June, 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://blog.ipleaders.in/what-are-the-laws-on-gender-neutrality-in-india/
[18] Navin Kumar Jaggi, Why There Is A Need Of Gender Neutral Laws In India?, Legal Service India, (June, 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-7370-why-there-is-a-need-of-gender-neutral-laws-in-india-.html
[19] Kerti Sharma and Shipra Tiwari, Should Sexual Offences be Gender Neutral, SCC Online (June. 13, 2022, 9:29 PM), https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2021/05/27/should-sexual-offences-be-gender-neutral/

Citation

[1] W.P No (Civil)- 13 of 2015
[2] 5 U.S. 137 (1803)
[3]https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/what-is-judicial-review-importance -scope-and-types-1882987-2021-12-01 last visited on 14-06-2022.
[4]https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/what-is-judicial-review-importance -scope-and-types-1882987-2021-12-01 last visited on 14-06-2022.
[5] (2001) 6 SCC (Jour) 1
[6] AIR 1973 SC 1461
[7] 1975 Supp SCC 1
[8] ((1987) 1 SCC 124 at 128)
[9] ((1980) 3 SCC 625)
[10] 1987 AIR 386
[11] 1993 SC 412
[12] AIR 1997 SC 1125
[13] Supra.
[14] (1982) 1 SCC 271
[15] (1985) 3 SCC 198
[16] AIR 1963 SC 589
[17] AIR 1980 SC 1789
[18] AIR 1994 SC 1918

Citation 2

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IJLRA N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)
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