CYBER TORT LAW: EXPLORING THE INDIAN CONTEXT BY - PURWA BALA

Authors: PURWA BALA

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CUSTOMERS SERVICE PERCEPTION TOWARDS PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKING IN PUNE CITY WITH CASE STUDY OF A PUBLIC SECTOR BANK IN PUNE REGION BY - SMITA R. NAIK, SUBODH SARKAR & AKOLKAR SOMESH

Authors: SMITA R. NAIK, SUBODH SARKAR & AKOLKAR SOMESH

Registration ID: 107187 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7187, IJLRA7188 & IJLRA7189

Year: April-2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

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COMPARISON OF FEDERALISM IN INDIA, UNITED STATE OF AMERICA AND UNITED KINGDOM BY - SMITA R. NAIK & PRAJAKTA PIMPALSHENDE

Authors: SMITA R. NAIK & PRAJAKTA PIMPALSHENDE

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IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE LEGAL PROFESSION BY - AMANDEEP VERMA

Authors: AMANDEEP VERMA

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IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION & TECHNOLOGY ON LEGAL EDUCATION IN CONTEMPORARY ERA BY - SHREYA JASORIA

Authors: SHREYA JASORIA

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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT CONTROLS ON IMMIGRATION BY - DR. COOSHALLE WILSON

Authors: DR. COOSHALLE WILSON

Registration ID: 107182 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7182

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Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/04.2024-71527233/AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT C

EXPLORING THE EVOLUTION OF ADR: FROM ANCIENT TO MODERN PRACTICES BY - ASROV RABIDEBPRADHAN ARYAVANS

Authors: ASROV RABIDEBPRADHAN ARYAVANS

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EXPLORING THE EFFICACY OF MEDIATION IN THE INSOLVENCY PROCESS: INDIAN SCENARIO BY - ISHITA YADAV

Authors: ISHITA YADAV

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LIFE OF THE INCARCERATED WOMEN INSIDE THE PRISONS OF INDIA BY: SWETHA M MANOHAR,

Authors: SWETHA M MANOHAR,

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CONSTITUTIONAL MORALITY AND THE INDIAN JUDICIARY:- EXPLORING THE CONCEPT AND ITS APPLICATION. BY:- ADV. ANUPRITA KULKARNI

Authors: ADV. ANUPRITA KULKARNI

Registration ID: 107178 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7178

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International journal for legal research and analysis

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[1] Author is a LLM student at IILM University, Greater Noida, U.P, India.

[2] Agreement between the Governments of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Cooperation in the Field of International Information Security, 61st plenary meeting.

[4] http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/international_strategy_for_cyberspac e.pdf.. Mark Lander, A Filipino Linked to “Love Bug” Talks About His License to Hack, N.Y. TIMES, October 21, 2000c. 2, 2008) [hereinafter Shanghai Cooperation Agreement].

[5] Article named Cyber Tort in the famous American Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology written by ‘Gregory C.

[6] Mosier’ and ‘Tara’ have been utilized to get the matter on types of cyber-Torts in India.

[7] Q. Yeh and A. Chang, “Threats and countermeasures for information system security: A cross-industry study”, Information & Management, vol. 44, pp. 480-491, 2007.

[8] An article named Cyber Tort in the famous American Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology written by ‘Gregory C. Mosier’ and ‘Tara’ has been utilized to get the matter on types of cyber-Torts in India.

[9] International Court of Justice., (1986) Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America).

[10] The article named; Cyber Torts written in ennstate is referred for the introduction part of the project; i.e. The basic idea of Cyber Tort.

[13] C. Scheideler, “Theory of network communication”, Johns Hopkins University, September 2002.

[14] Vakul Sharma, Information Technology: Law and Practice, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt.Ltd., 2008.

[15]Cyberspace available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/international_strategy_for_ Lander, A Filipino Linked to “Love Bug” Talks About His License to Hack, N.Y. TIMES, October 21, 2000.

[16] Adv. Prashant Mali, “Types of cyber-crimes & cyber law in India”, CSI Communication, Vol. 35, issue 8, pp. 33-34, November 2011.

[17] Cyber tort available at: www.cyberessays.com/lists/cyber-torts//last visited on 25^th Mar 2024.

[20] Lander, A Filipino Linked to “Love Bug” Talks About His License to Hack, N.Y. TIMES, October 21, 2000.

[22] Available at: blog.ipleaders.in/cyber-torts// last visited on 30th Mar 2024.

[1] What is Artificial intelligence? available at https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/artificial-intelligence-tutorial/what-is-artificial-intelligence (Feb. 29, 2024)

[2] Uses of AI for lawyers, available at https://www.clio.com/resources/ai-for-lawyers/lawyer-ai/ (Feb. 29, 2024)

[3] Benefits of Artificial intelligence, available at https://10xds.com/blog/benefits-of-artificial-intelligence-ai/ (Feb. 29, 2024)

[4]How AI can benefit your law firm, available athttps://www.americanbar.org/news/abanews/publications/ youraba/2017/september-2017/7-ways-artificial-intelligence-can-benefit-your-law-firm/ (Feb. 29, 2024)

[5] available at https://www.simplilearn.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-artificial-intelligence-article (Feb. 29, 2024)

[6] available at https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/quest/emerging-frontiers/ai-and-the-law (Feb. 29, 2024)

[7] available at https://ijlmh.com/paper/impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-legal-industry/ (Feb. 29, 2024)

[1] B.A. LL.B.(Hons.), LL.M., Research Scholar, Banaras Hindu University, shreyajasoria25@gmail.com

[2] Faizanur Rahman and Mohd. Amir, Globalising the Indian Legal System, 6 NLOU LJ (2019) at 128, available at https://scconline.bhuelibrary.in/Members/NoteView.aspx?enc=SlRYVC05MDAxMjAxNDgxJiYmJiY0MCYmJiYmU2VhcmNoJiYmJiZmdWxsc2NyZWVuJiYmJiZ0cnVlJiYmJiZnbG9iYWxpc2F0aW9uIGFuZCBsZWdhbCBlZHVjYXRpb24mJiYmJkFsbFdvcmRzJiYmJiZnU2VhcmNoJiYmJiZmYWxzZQ== accessed on 14^th January 2024.

[3] A. Sherr, Professional Work, Professional Careers and Legal Education: Educating the Lawyer for 2010 (2000) 7(3) International Journal of the Legal Profession at 339, available at <https://doi.org/10.1080/096959500750143142> accessed on 16^th January 2024

[5] A.M. Ahmadi, Repairing the Cracks in Legal Education, (1993) 1 SCC J-3.

[6]

Sushila, Legal Education in Globalised World: Challenges and Opportunities, (2013) PL June 67 available at

https://scconline.bhuelibrary.in/Members/NoteView.aspx?enc=SlRYVC0wMDAwMDA0MjQxJiYmJiY0MCYmJiYmU2VhcmNoJiYmJiZmdWxsc2NyZWVuJiYmJiZ0cnVlJiYmJiZnbG9iYWxpc2F0aW9uIGFuZCBsZWdhbCBlZHVjYXRpb24mJiYmJkFsbFdvcmRzJiYmJiZnU2VhcmNoJiYmJiZmYWxzZQ== pg 67 accessed on 19^th January 2024

[8] Christian Powell Sundquist, Technology and (Re)Construction of Law, Journal of Legal Education, Vol. 70, No. 2/3 (Winter & Spring 2021) at 402, available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/27190751 accessed on 21st January 2024.

[9] C. Raj Kumar, Legal Education, Globalization and Institutional Excellences: Challenges for Rule of Law, and Access to Justice in India, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, Vol. 20, No. 1 (2013), pp. 221-252, available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/indjglolegstu.20.1.221 accessed on 21^st January 2024

[11] Pranav Kaushal, Emerging Legal Scenario in India- A Renaissance, available at https://www.intolegalworld.com/article?title=emerging-legal-scenario-in-india-a-renaissance accessed on 24^th January 2024

[13] Quoted by Granville Austin, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation (1972) 26, vide V.R. Krishna Iyer, Social Justice: Sunset or Dawn (2^nd Edn. 1987) at 31

[14] Ranbir Singh, “Universities Engaging with Their Social and Cultural Environment: NALSAR — A Case Study” (2003) 1 NSLR at 29.

[15] Dr Justice A.S. Anand, “H.L. Sarin Memorial Lecture : Legal Education in India — Past, Present and Future”, (1998) 3 SCC J at 1

[17] F.S. Bloch and M.R.K. Prasad, Institutionalizing a Social Justice Mission for Clinical Legal Education: Cross-National Currents From India and the United States, (2006) 13(1) Clinical L Rev at 172, available at <https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.839766> accessed on 16^th January 2024

[18] A.P. Aggarwal, “Legal Education in India” (1959) 12(2) J Legal Educ 231-248, 232, available at <https://www.jstor.org/stable/42891345?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents> accessed on 13^th January 2024

[19] S. Ballakrishnen, Where Did We Come From? Where Do We Go?: An Enquiry Into the Students and Systems of Legal Education in India (2009) 7(2) Journal of Commonwealth Law and Legal Education pp. 133-154, available at <https://doi.org/10.1080/14760401.2009.496610> accessed on 13^th January 2024

[20] L. Dasgupta, Reforming Indian Legal Education: Linking Research and Teaching” (2010) 59(3) Journal of Legal Education pp. 432-449, available at <http://jle.aals.org/home/vol59/iss3/6/>. Accessed on 14^th January 2023

[21] Ranbir Singh, Globalisation And Legal Education: Challenges Ahead, An Idea of a Law School Ideas from the Law School: A Collection of Essays, at 42 available at https://scconline.bhuelibrary.in/Members/NoteView.aspx?enc=SlRYVC05MDAxMzg2MzUwJiYmJiY0MCYmJiYmU2VhcmNoJiYmJiZmdWxsc2NyZWVuJiYmJiZ0cnVlJiYmJiZHbG9iYWxpc2F0aW9uIGFuZCBsZWdhbCBlZHVjYXRpb24mJiYmJkFsbFdvcmRzJiYmJiZnU2VhcmNoJiYmJiZmYWxzZQ== accessed on 19^th January 2024.

[22] The University Grants Commission, under Section 2(f) of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 (UGC Act) is also having power to exercise control over the Universities and affiliated Colleges.

[23] Under Section 7(1)(h), the Advocates Act, 1961, the BCI is entrusted with the duty “to promote legal education and to lay down standards of such education in consultation with the Universities in India imparting such education and the State Bar Councils.”

[24] The Legal Education Committee makes recommendations to the Bar Council of India on matters related to legal education. Hon'ble Mr Justice A.P. Misra, is its Chairman presently.

[25] “Gold, God and Glory”, International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, <http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social- sciences-magazines/gold-god-and-glory> accessed on 18^th January 2024.

[28] S.H. Kapadia, Human Rights & Social Justice, Extempore speech by Hon'ble Mr Justice S.H. Kapadia, Judge, Supreme Court of India on the occasion of the Eighth Justice J.K. Mathur Memorial Lecture on 13-12-2008 at Lucknow, (2009) 3 SCC-J 19, available at https://scconline.bhuelibrary.in/Members/NoteView.aspx?enc=SlRYVC0wMDAwMDA1OTU1JiYmJiY0MCYmJiYmU2VhcmNoJiYmJiZmdWxsc2NyZWVuJiYmJiZ0cnVlJiYmJiZnbG9iYWxpc2F0aW9uIGFuZCBsZWdhbCBlZHVjYXRpb24mJiYmJkFsbFdvcmRzJiYmJiZnU2VhcmNoJiYmJiZmYWxzZQ== accessed on 19^th January 2024

[29] William Twining, formerly Emeritus Quain Professor of Jurisprudence has held chairs in Belfast and Warwick and numerous visiting appointments.

[30] Prof William Twining, “Implications of Globalisation for Law as a Discipline” in A. Halpin and V. Roeben (Eds.), Theorising the Global Order (2009).

[31] Nehaluddin Ahmad, Adapting Indian Legal Education to the Demands of a Globalizing World, 10 GERMAN L.J. at 847 (2009)

[32] R. Michael Cassidy, Beyond Practical Skills: Nine Steps for Improving Legal Education Now, 53 B.C. L. REV pp. 1515, 1522 (2012).

[33] For example, courses on comparative constitutional law taught in some American universities include the study of Indian constitutional law. See Course Catalog, HARVARD LAW SCHOOL, available at http://www.law.harvard.edu/academics/curriculum/catalog/index.html accessed on 21st January 2024

Descriptions, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN L AW SCHOOL, http://www.law.umich.edu/currentstudents/registration/ClassSchedule/Pages/AboutCourse.aspxx?crseId=043899 accessed on 21^st January 2024

[34] Id. Ranbir Singh, Globalisation And Legal Education: Challenges Ahead, An Idea Of A Law School Ideas From The Law School: A Collection Of Essays avaialble at https://scconline.bhuelibrary.in/Members/NoteView.aspx?enc=SlRYVC05MDAxMzg2MzUwJiYmJiY0MCYmJiYmU2VhcmNoJiYmJiZmdWxsc2NyZWVuJiYmJiZ0cnVlJiYmJiZHbG9iYWxpc2F0aW9uIGFuZCBsZWdhbCBlZHVjYXRpb24mJiYmJkFsbFdvcmRzJiYmJiZnU2VhcmNoJiYmJiZmYWxzZQ== accessed on 19^th January 2024, pg. 38

[36] John E. Chubb & Teriy M. Moe, Higher Education's Online Revolution, Wall St. J., 2012 at A17.

[37] Charles B. Nutting, Technology, Legislation and Legal Education, American Bar Association Journal, Vol. 48, No. 10 (OCTOBER 1962), pp. 965-966, available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/25722152 accessed on 21st January 2024

[38] See Vern R. Walker et al., Law Schools as Knowledge Centers in the Digital Age, 88 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. at 898 (2013) (discussing the role of “law school as a knowledge center”

[40] Subhas P. Rathore, “Some Techniques of Teaching Law”, AILTC (All India Law Teachers Congress, Faculty of Law, University of Delhi) 51 (1999) at 392.

[41] IBM Cognitive Business, How Watson Helps Lawyers Find Answers in Legal Research, MEDIUM (Jan. 4, 2017), available at https://medium.com/cognitivebusiness/how-watson-helps-lawyers-find-answers-in-legalresearch-672ea028dfb8 accessed on 23rd January 2024

[42] Erin Winick, Lawyer-Bots Are Shaking up Jobs, miT Tech. Rev. (Dec. 12, 2017), available at https://www.technologyreview.com/s/609556/lawyer-bots-are-shaking-up-jobs/; accessed on 23^rd January 2024

[43] Chris Weller, The World’s First Artificially Intelligent Lawyer Was Just Hired at a Law Firm, Bus insider (May 16, 2016), https://www.businessinsider.com/the-worlds-first-artificially-intelligent-lawyer-gets-hired-2016-5 accessed on 22nd January 2024

[44] Erin Winick, Lawyer-Bots Are Shaking up Jobs, miT Tech. Rev. (Dec. 12, 2017), available at https://www.technologyreview.com/s/609556/lawyer-bots-are-shaking-up-jobs/ accessed on 23^rd January 2024

[45] Christian B. Sundquist, Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Knowledge and the Future of Law Schools, Place

To discuss Best practices for Legal Educ . (Apr. 9, 2018), available at https://bestpracticeslegaled.

com/2018/04/09/artificial-intelligence-algorithmic-knowledge-and-the-future-of-law-schools/ accessed on 22^nd January 2024

[46] CaseMine Features, CaseMine (2022), available at https://www.casemine.com/home/guide [https://perma.cc/SF4X-R576]. Further, the CaseIQ system feeds the search result information “into a complex

predictive algorithm that leverages the archived intelligence of legal experts who’ve explored

these issues previously to compile a list of highly relevant case laws, thereby highlighting

potential missing points of law, or alternative arguments not appraised prior.”

[47] Richard Susskind, Online Courts And The Future Of Justice (2019); Joint Technology Committee et al., JTC Resource Bulletin: Case Studies in ODR for Courts (2020) available at https://www.ncsc.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/16517/2020-01-28-odr-case-studies-v2-final.pdf [https://

perma.cc/CR5K-DCZN] accessed on 22^nd January 2024

[48] Richard Susskind, Online Courts And The Future Of Justice, (2019), at 179, Oxford University Press

[49] Richard Susskind, Tomorrow's Lawyers: An Introduction To Your Future passim (2d ed. 2017) (predicting fundamental and irreversible changes in the world of law), at 185, Oxford University Press

[51] Mohammad Irshad and Divya S, Incorporating Technology in Every Aspect of legal Education, International Journal Of Legal Science And Innovation, Volume 2 Issue 2, at 303 available at https://www.ijlsi.com/incorporating-technology-in-every-aspect-of-legal-education/ accessed on 12^th January 2024

[52] Drew Simshaw, Ethical Issues in Robo-Lawyering: The Need for Guidance on Developing and Using Artificial Intelligence in the Practice of Law, 70 HASTINGS L.J. at 208 (2018) (discussing judicial trends in interpreting the impact of technology on "the practice of law"); available at https://www.hastingslawjournal.org/wpcontent/uploads/70.1-Simshaw.pdf accessed on 23rd January 2024

[53] Christian B. Sundquist, The Future of Law Schools: COVID-19, Technology, and Social Justice, Volume 53

Connecticut Law Review Online Edition, 1 (2020) available at https://scholarship.law.pitt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1489&context=fac_articles accessed on 23^rd January 2024

[2] Menkel-Meadow, C., 2015. Mediation, arbitration, and alternative dispute resolution (ADR). International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier Ltd.

[3] Mistelis, L., 2004. International arbitration-corporate attitudes and practices-12 perceptions tested: Myths, data and analysis research report. American Review of International Arbitration, 15, p.525.

[4] Shamir, Y., 2016. Alternative dispute resolution approaches and their application.

[5] Hirata, H., 2017. Balance of Various Values in the Conciliation. Jogelméleti Szemle, (3), pp.112-117.

[6] Kumar, A., 2021. Alternative Dispute Resolution System in India. KK Publications.

[7] First, A., 2017. A New Agreement to Mediate: Guidelines for Ethical Practice in the Digital Space. Harv. Negot. L. Rev., 23, p.405.

[8] Whalen-Bridge, H. ed., 2022. The Role of Lawyers in Access to Justice: Asian and Comparative Perspectives. Cambridge University Press.

[9] Patil, G.B., 2012. Lok Adalats in India: Issues and Perspectives. NUALS LJ, 6, p.101.

[10] Singla, S., 2021. Judicial Intervention in Mediation Settlements. GNLU L. Rev., 8, p.292.

[1]Daksh, “Access to Justice Survey 2015-16: Key Findings” https://dakshindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Daksh-access-to-justice-survey.pdf. Last Accessed 29 March, 2021

[2] Ankoosh Mehta, Durga Agarwal and Maitrayi Jain, “Mediation: The Future of Dispute Resolution”, Covid-19 CAM SCC Expert Corner ( 25 June 2020) https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2020/06/25/mediation-the-future-of-dispute-resolution/

[3] Silpi Jain, Aryan Mohindroo and Harshil Manchanda, “Mediating the Irish Way: Taking an Alternative Approach to Alternative Dispute Resolution in India” Arbitration: The International Journal of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute Management Volume 87 Issue 1, pp 68 ( 18 February 2021)

[4] Black's Law Dictionary, Eighth Edition, South Asian Edition (First), 2015. Also see, James A. Wall, Jr., John B. Stark & Rhetta L. Standifer, “Mediation: A Current Review and Theory Development”, 45(3) J. Conflict Resol .pp. 370–391 (2001).

[5] Mary Radford, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Mediation in Probate,Trust and Guardianship Matters”, 1 Pepp. Dispute Resolution L. J. 241, 249 (2000) . Also see supra note 2 at pp. 68

[6] Rohan Dhariwal and Shrey Pattnaik “Shifts or Illusions? The Reality of India’s Growing Mediation Scenario” Kluwer Mediation Blog ( 28 May 2015) http://mediationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2015/05/28/shifts-or-illusions-the-reality-of-indias-growing-mediation-scenario

[7] Mridul Godha, “A Renewed Interest in Mediation in India”, Kluwer Arbitration Blog Post ( 31 March 2019) http://mediationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2019/03/30/a-renewed-interest-in-mediation-in-india/

[8] Section 4 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947

[12] S. 442 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Mediation and Conciliation) Rules, 2016

[14] 129^th Law Commission of India, “Urban Litigation: Mediation as Alternative to Adjudication”, (1988), http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/101-169/Report129.pdf

[16] Section 12A(5), Commercial Courts Act, 2015.

[17] M.R. Krishna Murthi v. The New India Assurance Co. Ltd., AIR 2019 SC 5625.

[19] Manisha T. Karia, “The Effective Implementation of Mediation in India: The Way Forward”, Bar and Bench Column ( 29 December 2019) https://www.barandbench.com/columns/effective-implementation-of-mediation-in-india-the-way-forward.

[21] Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, “Strengthening Mediation in India: A Report on Court

Connected Mediations” (2016), at pp. 25 https://vidhilegalpolicy.in/wpcontent/uploads/2019/05/26122016_StrengtheningMediationinIndia_FinalReport.pdf.

[22] Supra Note 18 , Ireland Alternative at pp.6.

[23] Rashika Narain and Abhinav Sankaranarayanan, “Formulating a Legislative Framework for Mediation in India”, 11(1) NUJS L. Rev. 75, 77 (2018) at pp. 75-84, http://nujslawreview.org/wpcontent/uploads/2018/04/11-%E2%80%93-1-%E2%80%93-Rashika-and-Abhinav.pdf

[25]Supra note Ireland at pp. 80. Also see, “The Courts System” (The Bar of Ireland), https://www.lawlibrary.ie/Legal-Services/The-Courts-System.aspx.

[27] Supra Note 18, Ireland Alternative at pp. 80.

[29]Jonathan Rodrigues, “Reintroducing Mediation to Millennial India Part- II”, International Mediation Institute August 2019 https://imimediation.org/2019/09/10/reintroducing-mediation-to-millennial-india-part-ii/

[30]Jonathan Rodrigues, “Reintroducing Mediation to Millennial India Part- I”, International Mediation Institute August 2019, https://www.imimediation.org/2019/08/22/reintroducingmediation-to-millennial-india/

[1] Prison Statistics India,2021 (27^th edition, NCRB (Ministry of Home Affairs), 18/8/2022)

[2] Shivani at Joshi, “State of women prisons in India: inadequate space or absolute lack of it”, The Statesman (September 21, 2022)

[3] Prison Statistics India,2021 (27^th edition, NCRB (Ministry of Home Affairs), 18/8/2022)

[4] Prison Statistics India,2021 (27^th edition, NCRB (Ministry of Home Affairs), 18/8/2022)

[5] ‘Women in Indian prisons do not get gender specific services, lack of basic sanitation, hygiene facilities’ (March 27,2019) Sabrang India

[6] Prison Statistics India,2020 (26^th edition, NCRB ( Ministry of Home Affairs ), 27/12/2022)

[7] Nawal El Saadawi, Memoirs from the women’s prison (1^st edition, university of California press, 27^th March,1998)

[9] Pilli ram v. state of Rajasthan and Ors.1992 (2) WLN 444

[10] State of Maharashtra v. CK Jain 1990 AIR 1658(1)

[11] Christian community welfare council of India v. Government of Maharashtra AIR 2004 SC7

[12] Moushumi Das Gupta, “Parliamentary panel finds inhuman conditions inside Mumbai’s Byculla jail” (Aug 21,2017), Hindustan Times

[14] Peter Eisner, Linda So, Jason Szep and Grant Smith, ‘ As more women fill America’s jails, medical tragedies mount’ (Dec 16, 2020) Reuters investigates

[16] McGlinchey and others vs the United Kingdom 50390/99

[17] The United Nations General Assembly, ‘United Nations Rules for the treatment of women prisoners and non custodial measures for the women offenders’ (Dec 21,2010) UNHR instruments

[2] KAUSHAL KISHOR versus STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH & ORS., 2017 LawSuit (SC) 1036

[3] G.B. Reddy and Baglekar Akash Kumar’s, Transgenders and the Law A commentary, XIV,(1^ST ed., 2022)

[5] C.K. Takwani’s, Lectures on Administrative Law, 20, (6^th ed.,2021).

[7] ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla AIR 1976 SC 1207.

[8] Kesavanand Bharti v. State of Kerala, AIR 1973 SC 1461, 1480

[9] Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India AIR1978 SC 597.

[10] Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain 1975 AIR 865

[11] Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India 2018 INSC 790

[12] Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1.

[13] S.R. Bommai v. Union of India, 1994 AIR 1918

[15] M. Nagaraj v. Union of India, (2006) 8 SSC 212

[16] Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan ,1997 AIR SCWC 3043

[17] Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Amritsar v. Shri Som Nath Dass , AIR2000 SC 1421

[18] G.B. Reddy and Baglekar Akash Kumar’s, Transgenders and the Law A commentary, XV,(1^ST ed., 2022)

[19] Shayara Bano v. Union of India, AIR 2017 9 SCC 1 (SC)

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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[2] Ankoosh Mehta, Durga Agarwal and Maitrayi Jain, “Mediation: The Future of Dispute Resolution”, Covid-19 CAM SCC Expert Corner ( 25 June 2020) https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2020/06/25/mediation-the-future-of-dispute-resolution/

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