INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

STATELESSNESS AND THE ISSUE OF NATIONALITY THROUGH THE LENS OF HUMAN RIGHTS BY - SRISHTI MAHESHWARI

Authors: SRISHTI MAHESHWARI

Registration ID: 109087 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9087

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: srishtikarnani99@gmail.com

Page No: 11 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-69767441/STATELESSNESS AND THE ISSUE OF NATIONALITY THROUGH

OUR CLOSET TO CLIMATE CHANGE: AN ANALYSIS ON FAST FASHION AND THE CLIMATE CRISIS BY- VAISHNAVI. R

Authors: VAISHNAVI. R

Registration ID: 109086 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9086

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: vaishzzr26@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-38568834/OUR CLOSET TO CLIMATE CHANGE: AN ANALYSIS ON FAST

UNDERSTANDING STAKEHOLDER AND STEWARDSHIP THEORY BY - NEETI GOYAL

Authors: NEETI GOYAL

Registration ID: 109085 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9085

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: neetigoyal.30@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-55181531/UNDERSTANDING STAKEHOLDER AND STEWARDSHIP THEORY

CHALLENGES FACED BY PROSTITUTES AND CHILDREN BORN IN BROTHEL IN ORDER TO ACHEIVE SOCIAL STATUS AND EDUCATION BY - KEERTHANA N.K

Authors: KEERTHANA N.K

Registration ID: 109084 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9084

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: keerthanakanna1103@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-46715191/CHALLENGES FACED BY PROSTITUTES AND CHILDREN BORN

DISSENTING FINANCIAL CREDITORS AND THE RESOLUTION PLAN DILEMMA: IMPLICATIONS OF KRISHNA INFOSOLUTIONS RULING BY - TEESHA DEB

Authors: TEESHA DEB

Registration ID: 109083 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9083

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: 20ba110@nluo.ac.in

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-77684532/DISSENTING FINANCIAL CREDITORS AND THE RESOLUTION

THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN THE AGE OF SURVEILLANCE BY - PUNYAMURTULA MAANAS

Authors: PUNYAMURTULA MAANAS

Registration ID: 109082 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9082

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: maanas.p_2028@woxsen.edu.in

Page No: 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-75799624/THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN THE AGE OF SURVEILLANCE

THE CONUNDRUM OF RAISING LEGAL AGE OF MARRIAGE BY - RAJA RANJAN

Authors: RAJA RANJAN

Registration ID: 109081 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9081

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: raja.ranjan@nls.ac.in

Page No: 15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-68921352/THE CONUNDRUM OF RAISING LEGAL AGE OF MARRIAGE

A CASE SUMMARY: PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION & ORS. V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA & ORS. BY - G. ASWINI & DR. P. BRINDA

Authors: G. ASWINI & DR. P. BRINDA

Registration ID: 109079 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9079 & IJLRA9080

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: ashwinignayagam@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-53255637/A CASE SUMMARY: PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION & ORS.

DIGITAL PRIVACY IN INDIA: THE NEED FOR PROTECTION IN A DATA-DRIVEN SOCIETY. BY: RIDA FATEMA MOLEDINA

Authors: RIDA FATEMA MOLEDINA

Registration ID: 109078 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9078

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: moledinarida17@gmail.com

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DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-65256862/DIGITAL PRIVACY IN INDIA: THE NEED FOR PROTECTION

IMPLICATIONS, DEVELOPMENT AND ISSUES: AN OVERVIEW ON DATA PROTECTION LAWS IN LOCATION INFORMATION BY - K SANKEERTHANA

Authors: K SANKEERTHANA

Registration ID: 109077 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA9077

Year: Feb-2025 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN: 2582-6433 | Country: Delhi, India

Email Id: sankeerthanaammulu04@gmail.com

Page No: 23 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2025-37365888/IMPLICATIONS, DEVELOPMENT AND ISSUES: AN OVERVIEW

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

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[1] Shaw, Malcolm N. “The Subjects of International Law.” Essay. In International Law, Eighthed., 157. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

[2] By The Arbitration Commission of the European Conference in Yugoslavia in Opinion 1 : Shaw, Malcolm N. “The Subjects of International Law.” Essay. In International Law, Eighthed., 157. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

[3] Koessler, Maximilian. “‘Subject,’ ‘Citizen,’ ‘National,’ and ‘Permanent Allegiance.’” The Yale Law Journal 56, no. 1 (1946): 58–76. https://doi.org/10.2307/793250.

[4] Grossman, Andrew. “Nationality and the Unrecognised State.” The International and Comparative Law Quarterly 50, no. 4 (2001): 849–76. http://www.jstor.org/stable/761517.

[5] Grossman, Andrew. “Nationality and the Unrecognised State.” The International and Comparative Law Quarterly 50, no. 4 (2001): 849–76. http://www.jstor.org/stable/761517.

[6] Article 1 of the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons

[7]Bhiwgade, Sachi Ashok. “Statelessness under International Law: All You Want to Know.” iPleaders, February 3, 2020. https://blog.ipleaders.in/statelessness/#:~:text=Under%20International%20Law%2C%20a%20stateless%20person%20means%20an,any%20State%20under%20the%20operation%20of%20its%20law.”

[8] Sahoo, Simran. “Statelessness under International Law.” Edited by Swati Pragyan. JudicateMe, July 22, 2020. https://judicateme.com/statelessness-under-international-law/.

[9] McDougal, Myres S., Harold D. Lasswell, and Lung-chu Chen. “Nationality and Human Rights: The Protection of the Individual in External Arenas.” The Yale Law Journal 83, no. 5 (1974): 900–998. https://doi.org/10.2307/795378.

[10] McDougal, Myres S., Harold D. Lasswell, and Lung-chu Chen. “Nationality and Human Rights: The Protection of the Individual in External Arenas.” The Yale Law Journal 83, no. 5 (1974): 900–998. https://doi.org/10.2307/795378.

[11] “About Statelessness.” IBELONG. Accessed May 1, 2022. https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/about-statelessness/.

[12] When one territory's sovereignty passes to another, this is known as state succession. State Succession is defined in Article 2(1)(b) of the Vienna Convention on State Succession as "the substitution of one State by another in the responsibility for international territorial relations." : “State Succession, Recognition and Jurisdiction under International Law.” Law Corner, February 24, 2021. https://lawcorner.in/state-succession-recognition-and-jurisdiction-under-international-law/.

[13] “About Statelessness.” IBELONG. Accessed May 1, 2022. https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/about-statelessness/.

[14] “STATELESSNESS: ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK CONCERNING STATELESS PERSONS AND PERSONS AT RISK OF STATELESSNESS IN CROATIA.” UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency, 2020. https://index.statelessness.eu/sites/default/files/UNHCR%2C%20Analysis%20of%20the%20Legal%20Framework%20Concerning%20Stateless%20Persons%20and%20Persons%20at%20Risk%20of%20Statelessness%20in%20Croatia%20%28July%202020%29.pdf.

[15] Sathyanarayanan, Sunethra. “Creation of Statelessness in India: An Analysis of the Crisis and the Way Forward.” The Peninsula Foundation, February 9, 2021. https://www.thepeninsula.org.in/2020/08/27/creation-of-statelessness-in-india-an-analysis-of-the-crisis-and-the-way-forward/.

[16] “STATELESSNESS: ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK CONCERNING STATELESS PERSONS AND PERSONS AT RISK OF STATELESSNESS IN CROATIA.” UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency, 2020. https://index.statelessness.eu/sites/default/files/UNHCR%2C%20Analysis%20of%20the%20Legal%20Framework%20Concerning%20Stateless%20Persons%20and%20Persons%20at%20Risk%20of%20Statelessness%20in%20Croatia%20%28July%202020%29.pdf.

[21] “UNHCR Statelessness - UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency.” UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency. Accessed May 1, 2022. https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/UNHCR-Statelessness-2pager-ENG.pdf.

[22] Higgins, Rosalyn, Yash P. Ghai, Lung-chu Chen, Valerie Chalidze, Hussein A. Hassouna, and Sidney Liskofsky. “Expulsion and Expatriatioin in International Law: The Right to Leave, to Stay, and to Return.” The American Journal of International Law 67, no. 5 (1973): 122–40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25660486.

[23] Blackman, Jeffery L. “State Successions and Statelessness: The Emerging Right to an Effective Nationality Under International Law.” Michigan Journal of International Law. Accessed May 2, 2022. https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1460&context=mjil.

[24] Article 1 of the Hague Convention, 1930: “it is for each state to determine under its own law who are its nationals.”

[25] Bhiwgade, Sachi Ashok. “Statelessness under International Law: All You Want to Know.” iPleaders, February 3, 2020. https://blog.ipleaders.in/statelessness/#:~:text=Under%20International%20Law%2C%20a%20stateless%20person%20means%20an,any%20State%20under%20the%20operation%20of%20its%20law.”

[26] “UNHCR Statelessness - UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency.” UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency. Accessed May 1, 2022. https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/UNHCR-Statelessness-2pager-ENG.pdf.

[27] “UNHCR Statelessness - UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency.” UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency. Accessed May 1, 2022. https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/UNHCR-Statelessness-2pager-ENG.pdf.

^{^[1]}3rd yr student, BBA.LLB(Hons), Saveetha School of Law, Chennai, No. 305, 2^ndcross street, 3^rdmainroad, Nolambur phase 2, Barathi salai, Mogappair West, Chennai- 600 037, Contact no: 9840963276 , Email ID: vaishzzr26@gmail.com

^{^[2]}Fashion Summit, HSBC and KPMG China, “Sustainable fashion: A survey on global perspectives” (2019)

^{^[4]}Annie Radner Linden, “An Analysis of the Fast Fashion Industry An Analysis of the Fast Fashion Industry” 14 Senior Projects Fall (2016)

^{^[5]}Polly Bindman, “Sustainable fashion has a marketing problem”, Energy Monitor, available at: https://www.energymonitor.ai/finance/reporting-and-disclosure/sustainable-fashion-has-a-marketing problem/?cf-view&cf-closed (last visited: January 15, 2024).

^{^[6]}Abdelsalam Busalim , Grace Fox, Theodore Lynn, “Consumer behaviour in sustainable fashion: A systematic

literature review and future research agenda” 46 Int. J. Consum. Stud. (2022)

^{^[7]}Lisa McNeill, Rebecca Moore, “Sustainable fashion consumption and the fast fashion conundrum: Fashionable

consumers and attitudes to sustainability in clothing choice” 39 Int. J. Consum. Stud. (2015)

^{^[8]} Kerri Byrd, Jin Su, “Investigating consumer behaviour for environmental, sustainable and social apparel”

IJCST (2020)

^{^[9]}Kirsi Niinimäki, “Eco-Clothing, Consumer Identity and Ideology” 18 Sustainable Development (2010)

^{^[10]}Yongdan Liu, Matthew Tingchi Liu, “Big Star Undercover: The Reinforcing Effect of Attenuated Celebrity Endorsers’ Faces on Consumers’ Brand Memory” 49 JA (2020)

^{^[11]}Hakan Karaosman, Gustavo Morales Alonso, Mercedes Grijalvo, Alessandro Brun, “The impact of ethical

fashion on Spanish consumers” 57 DYO (2015)

^{^[12]} Mirella Soyer and Koen Dittrich, “Sustainable Consumer Behaviour in Purchasing, Using and Disposing of Clothes” 13 Sustainability (2021)

^{^[13]}Laura Valtanen, Consumer motivations and Value Ccreation from Sustainable fashion consumption (2021) (Unpublished Bachelor’s thesis, School of Business, Aalto University)

^{^[14]}Ma?gorzata Koszewska, “A typology of Polish consumers and their behaviours in the market for sustainable textiles and clothing” 37 Int. J. Consum. Stud. (2013)

^{^[15]}Kirsi Niinimäki, Sustainable Fashion: New Approaches (Aalto Arts Books, 2013)

^{^[16]}Helena M. de Klerk, Madelein Kearns, Mike Redwood, “Controversial fashion, ethical concerns and environmentally significant behaviour: The case of the leather industry” 47 IJRDM (2018)

^{^[17]}Maarit Aakko, Ritva Koskennurmi-Sivonen, “Designing Sustainable Fashion: Possibilities and Challenges” 17 RJTA (2013)

^{^[18]}Bo Zhang, Yaozhong Zhang, Peng Zhou, “Consumer Attitude towards Sustainability of Fast Fashion Products in the UK” 13 Sustainability (2021)

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^{^[20]}Ruth Marciniak and Marwa Gad Mohsen, Fashion: Tyranny and Revelation (Inter-disciplinary press, 2016)

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^{^[22]}Sonali Diddi, Ruoh-Nan Yan, Brittany Bloodhart, Vickie Bajtelsmit, Katie McShane, “Exploring young adult consumers’ sustainable clothing consumption intention-behavior gap: A Behavioral Reasoning Theory perspective” 18 Sustainable Production and Consumption (2019)

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^{^[25]}Rashmila Maiti, “Fast Fashion and Its Environmental Impact” Earth.org, Jan 5th 2024

^{^[26]}Gam, H.J., Cao, Hl, Bennett, J., Helmkamp, C., & Farr, C, “Application of design

for disassembly in men’s jacket” International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 83-94 (2011)

^{^[27]}Clark Hazel, “Fashion Theory”, 12 Issue4, DOI:10.2752/175174108X346922, Berg 427 (2008)

^{^[28]}Holt Tim, “Is the time right for Slow Fashion?”, Contributor to The Christian Science Monitor (2009).

[1] NATIONAL COMPANY LAW APPELLATE TRIBUNAL, PRINCIPAL BENCH, NEW DELHI, Comp. App. (AT) (Ins) No. 279 of 2024

[2] Guest, ‘Interpretation of Section 30(2) of the IBC: Rights over Prudence?’ (indiacorplaw, 14 February 2024) accessed 7 January 2025

[3] Tata Steel BSL Ltd. v. Venus Recruiter (P) Ltd., 2023 SCC OnLine Del 155

[4] Essar Steel India Limited v. Satish Kumar Gupta and Others, (2020) 8 SCC 531.

[5] Jaypee Kensington Boulevard Apartments Welfare Association v. NBCC (India) Ltd AIRONLINE 2021 SC 224

[1]Justice K.S. Puttaswamy & Anr., The Right to Privacy in India: A Constitutional Analysis (2017).

[2]R. Rajagopal, Freedom of Speech and the Right to Privacy: The Media’s Role (1994).

[3]People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), Challenges to Privacy: The Role of the State in Surveillance (1997).

[4]Selvi, Involuntary Confessions: Narcoanalysis and Right to Privacy (2010).

[5]The “Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules”, 2011, “Gazette of India, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology”, Notification No”. 20, dated 11/4/2011

[6]“The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, Bill No. 373 of 2019”, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India.

[9]The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, Bill No. 376 of 2023,

[1] Sonalde desai, 'Gender Scripts And Age At Marriage In India, [2010] 47(3) Demography 672

[3] Dadaji Bhikaji vs. Rukhmabai (21.09.1885 - BOMHC) :MANU/MH/0047/1885

[4] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1629832

[5] Sakshi Singh, 'PROHIBITION OF CHILD MARRIAGE :AN ANALYTICAL STUDY' [2022] 1(3) Indian

Journal of Contemporary Legal and Social Issues 5

[6] The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006, s 3(1)

[8] P.H. Nguyen, ‘Social, Biological, andProgrammatic Factors Linking Adolescent Pregnancy and Early Childhood Undernutrition (2019) 3 The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health 463–473.

[10] Ecowrap, ‘Increasing the Legal Age of Women Marriage: A Dominant Strategy For Societal Good, Financially Empowering Women’ State Bank of India 3 (22 October 2020)

[11] Government of India, Law Commission of India, “Proposal to amend the prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 and other allied laws, Report no. 205, February 2008

[12] Ashwini Kumar Upadhayay vs. Union of India Writ Petition (C) No. of 2019

[13] Joseph Shine v. Union of India, Writ Petition (C) No. 194 of 2018

[14] The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006, s 3(3)

[16] Megan Arthur “Child Marriage Laws around the World: Minimum Marriage Age, Legal Exceptions, and Gender Disparities.” Journal of women, politics & policy vol. 39,1 51-74. 22 Nov. 2017,

[17] Protection of Children from Sexual Harassment Act, 2012. Sec 2(d(a))

[18] Independent Thought vs. Union of India (2017) 10 SCC 800

[19] An international treaty adopted in 1979 by the United Nations

[20] K.S. Puttaswamy and Ors. vs. Union of India (UOI) and Ors., MANU/SC/0911/2017

[21] V.Bhalla, “‘Increasing the marital age of women to 21 is counter-productive’, says pioneer of the women’s movement, Flavia Agnes”, January 27, 2022, as accessed from https://theleaflet.in/incr

[22] Joseph Shine v. Union of India, Writ Petition (C) No. 194 of 2018

[23] Aparna Mitra, ‘Son Preference in India: Implications for Gender Development’ (2014) 48(4) Journal of Economic Issues 1021

[24] MEMORANDUM-TASK-FORCE-ON-AGE-OF-MARRIAGE-FROM-CIVIL-SOCIETY-ORGS-AND-

REPS-June-25-2020.pdf (pldindia.org)

[26] Shakti Vahini v Union of India and others(2018) 7 SCC 192

[27] Shafin Jahan vs Ashokan and OthersAIR 2018 SC 1933

[28] K.S. Puttaswamy and Ors. vs. Union of India (UOI) and Ors., MANU/SC/0911/2017

[29] State of Bombay v. Narasu Appa Mali [AIR (1952) Bom 84]

[30] V.Bhalla, “‘Increasing the marital age of women to 21 is counter-productive’, says pioneer of the women’s movement, Flavia Agnes”, January 27, 2022, as accessed from https://theleaflet.in/incr

[31] MEMORANDUM-TASK-FORCE-ON-AGE-OF-MARRIAGE-FROM-CIVIL-SOCIETY-ORGS-AND-

REPS-June-25-2020.pdf (pldindia.org)

[33] Bandita Sahoo, '18 v 21: AN ANALYSIS OF MARRIAGEABLE AGE IN INDIA' [2022] 2(3) Journal of

Legal Research and Juridical Sciences 7

[35] Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Ending Child Marriage in India, Drivers and Strategies (New Delhi,

UNICEF) ://www.unicef.org/india/media/2556/file/Drivers-strategies-for-ending-childmarriage.pdf>

[37] Flavia Agnes, ‘Controversy over Age of Consent’ (2013) 48(29) Economic and Political Weekly 10,

[2] https://www.scobserver.in/cases/nature-of-private-property-property-owners-association-v-state-of-maharashtra.

[3] Art 31C. Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles: Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid down in Part IV shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by Article 14 or Article 19 and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it does not give effect to such policy:

Provided that where such law is made by the Legislature of a State, the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent.

[4] Art 39 Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State- The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing—

(b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good.

[5] https://www.citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/(All urban agglomerations of the world with a population of 1 million inhabitants or more (reference date: 2024-01-01)). last visited on 24.02.2025.

[8] Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, (1973) 4 SCC 225.

[11] The Supreme Court had earlier taken this stand in the case of Sanjeev Coke v. Union of India (1983 AIR SC 239) and State of Karnataka v. Ranganath Reddy ((1978) 1 S.C.R. 641).

[15] Whether Article 31C (as upheld in Kesavananda Bharati) survives in the Constitution after the amendment to the provision by the forty-second amendment was struck down by this Court in Minerva Mills?

[16] In para 203 of the judgement “Article 39(b) is not a source of legislative power. The inclusion or exclusion of ‘privately-owned resources’ from the ambit of the provision does not impact the power of the legislature to enact laws to acquire such resources. The power to acquire private resources, in certain situations, continues to be traceable to other provisions in the Constitution, including the sovereign power of eminent domain.”

[17] In para 204 of the judgement “Five significant elements emerge from the text of Article 39(b), which has been reproduced in paragraph 2 of this Judgement. These are:

a. The provision relates to “ownership and control”;

b. The ownership and control of “material resources” is dealt with by the provision;

c. The material resources which the provision covers are those which are “of the community”;

d. The policy of the state must be directed to secure the “distribution” of the ownership and control of such resources;

e. The purpose of the distribution must be to “best subserve the common good”.”

[1] Article 21, the constitution of India, 1950.

[2] Writ Petition (Civil) No 494 of 2012; (2017) 10 SCC 1; AIR 2017 SC 4161

[3] Information Technology Act, 2000(No 21 OF 2000)

[4] The digital personal data protection act, 2023( No. 22 OF 2023)

[5] See article, should ‘location data’ be considered as ‘personal data’ under Indian privacy laws, available at

[6] See article, “location privacy: user behaviour in the field, available at

[7] See article, data privacy in India: current outlook and the future, available at

[8] The general data protection regulation,2018, replacement of EU data protection directive of 1995

[9] See article, "Legal and Ethical Implications of Location Data in Online Social Networks" by Gundecha et al., available at

[10] See article, “the role of data protection in marketing” by Kelly D. Martin and Patrick E. Murphy, available at < https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar_url?url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kelly-Martin-12/publication/308578866_The_Role_of_Data_Privacy_in_Marketing/links/5c473b67a6fdccd6b5c04380/The-Role-of-Data-Privacy-in-Marketing.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Rtk9ZaCBEK6P6rQPrc-EmAk&scisig=AFWwaea2KbSKIOLL4SP-_xK0zCFo&oi=scholarr>

[11] See article, “ current trends and challenges in location in location based services” by Haosheng Huang and Georg Gartner, available at < https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/6/199#:~:text=(6)%2C%20199%3B-,https%3A//doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7060199,-Received%3A%2023%20May>

[12]Andrew J. Blumberg and Pete Eckersley , "On Locational Privacy, and How to Avoid Losing it Forever

[13] India: Understanding The Process Of Data Anonymisation In The Context Of Data Privacy Laws< https://www.mondaq.com/india/data-protection/1128820/understanding-the-process-of-data-anonymisation-in-the-context-of-data-privacy-laws#:~:text=In%20India%2C%20'Anonymisation'%20is,the%20framework%20of%20privacy%20jurisprudence.>

[14] See definition of “ Anonymization” available at < imperva.com>

[15] Clause 3(2) of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019

[16]Clause 3(2) of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019

[17] Article 4(5) of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR),2016

[18] India: Understanding The Process Of Data Anonymisation In The Context Of Data Privacy Laws< https://www.mondaq.com/india/data-protection/1128820/understanding-the-process-of-data-anonymisation-in-the-context-of-data-privacy-laws#:~:text=In%20India%2C%20'Anonymisation'%20is,the%20framework%20of%20privacy%20jurisprudence.>

[21] Article 21, the constitution of India, 1950.

[22] Writ Petition (Civil) No 494 of 2012; (2017) 10 SCC 1; AIR 2017 SC 4161

[24] Writ Petition (Civil) No 494 of 2012; (2017) 10 SCC 1; AIR 2017 SC 4161

[25] See article, “ location information is more important than you think” by Sarah Meyer, available at < https://www.cpomagazine.com/data-privacy/location-privacy-is-more-important-than-you-think/>

[26] The Personal Data Protection Bill 2019, now stands withdrawn

[27] Information Technology Act, 2000(No 21 OF 2000

[28] See article, “location privacy and its application: a systematic study” by Bo Liu; Wanlei Zhou; Tiaqing Zhu; Longxiang Gao’ Yong Xiang, available at < https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324177819_Location_Privacy_and_Its_Applications_A_Systematic_Study>

[29] See article, “location privacy and its application: a systematic study” by Bo Liu; Wanlei Zhou; Tiaqing Zhu; Longxiang Gao’ Yong Xiang, available at < https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324177819_Location_Privacy_and_Its_Applications_A_Systematic_Study>

[30] See article, should ‘location data’ be considered as ‘personal data’ under Indian privacy laws, available at

[31] See article, “a closer look at location data: privacy and pandemics” available at < https://fpf.org/blog/a-closer-look-at-location-data-privacy-and-pandemics/>

[32] See article, “ a closer look at location data: privacy and pandemics” available at < https://fpf.org/blog/a-closer-look-at-location-data-privacy-and-pandemics/>

[33]See article,” a closer look at location data: privacy and pandemics” available at < https://fpf.org/blog/a-closer-look-at-location-data-privacy-and-pandemics/>

[34] Sensitive personal data and information, 2011

[35] Writ Petition (Civil) No 494 of 2012; (2017) 10 SCC 1; AIR 2017 SC 4161

[37] Information Technology Act, 2000(No 21 OF 2000)

[38] Section 43A of, Information Technology Act, 2000(No 21 OF 2000)

[39] Section 354C of, Indian Penal Code,1860(No 45 of 1860)

[40] Section 354D of, Indian Penal Code,1860(No 45 of 1860)

[41] Section 509 of, Indian Penal Code,1860(No 45 of 1860)

[46] General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR),2016

[47] The digital personal data protection act, 2023( No. 22 OF 2023)

[48]See long title of The digital personal data protection act, 2023( No. 22 OF 2023)

[50] See article “ decoding the digital personal protection data protection act,2023” by dr. Lalit kalra available at < https://www.ey.com/en_in/cybersecurity/decoding-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023>

[51] The digital personal data protection act, 2023( No. 22 OF 2023)

[52] See article “ decoding the digital personal protection data protection act,2023” by dr. Lalit kalra available at < https://www.ey.com/en_in/cybersecurity/decoding-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023>

[53] See article " salient features of the digital personal data protection bill 2023", available at

[54] See article " salient features of the digital personal data protection bill 2023", available at

[55] See article " salient features of the digital personal data protection bill 2023", available at

[56] See article " salient features of the digital personal data protection bill 2023", available at

[57] See article " salient features of the digital personal data protection bill 2023", available at

[58] See article " salient features of the digital personal data protection bill 2023", available at >

[59] See article “ decoding the digital personal protection data protection act,2023” by dr. Lalit kalra available at < https://www.ey.com/en_in/cybersecurity/decoding-the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023>

[60] See article” The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023: Recommendations for Inclusion in the Digital India Act” by shravishta ajaykumar; amoha basrur; vaishnavi Sharma, available at < https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023/#amp_ct=1698763717905&_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16987637067786&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orfonline.org%2Fresearch%2Fthe-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023%2F>

[61] See article” The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023: Recommendations for Inclusion in the Digital India Act” by shravishta ajaykumar; amoha basrur; vaishnavi Sharma, available at < https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023/#amp_ct=1698763717905&_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16987637067786&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orfonline.org%2Fresearch%2Fthe-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023%2F>

[62] See article " salient features of the digital personal data protection bill 2023", available at

[63] Clause 2(28) of The Personal Data Protection Bill 2019

[64] Clause 2(28) of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019

[65] Clause 3(2) of the personal data protection bill, 2019

[66] Clause 3(2) of the personal data protection bill, 2019

[67] Information Technology Act, 2000(No 21 OF 2000)

[68] The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, as introduced in Lok Sabha

[69] Joint Committee on the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, December 2021

[70] Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, as introduced in Lok Sabha.

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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[7]- [(2017) 10 SCC 1]

[8]- [(1994) 6 SCC 632]

[10] [(1997) 1 SCC 301]

[11]- [(2010) 7 SCC 263]

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