INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ANALYSIS ON CONFESSION IN UNITED STATES, UNITED KINGDOM, AND INDIA BY - ANBUSELVI S, ATHIMADHURA R & SUBHA KAVINITHA R

Authors: ANBUSELVI S, ATHIMADHURA R & SUBHA KAVINITHA R

Registration ID: 108873 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8873, IJLRA8874 & IJLRA8875

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-29161445/HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ANALYSIS ON CONFESSION IN UN

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION ACT WITH RECENT CASES BY: V.VIDUTHALAI VIRUMBI & MS.T.VAISHALI

Authors: V.VIDUTHALAI VIRUMBI & MS.T.VAISHALI

Registration ID: 108871 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8871 & IJLRA8872

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: vvvirumbi23@gmail.com & profvaishalinathan@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-43997422/CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION ACT

PRISONER’S RIGHT: AN ANALYSIS THROUGH THE PRISM OF HUMAN RIGHT BY - NEHA BHARTI & NEELESH MANI TRIPATHI

Authors: NEHA BHARTI & NEELESH MANI TRIPATHI

Registration ID: 108869 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8869 & IJLRA8870

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: nehaniraj05@gmail.com & nikusilver@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-25994872/PRISONER’S RIGHT: AN ANALYSIS THROUGH THE PRISM

BRIDGING THE SKILLS GAP: RESKILLING AND UPSKILLING INDIAS WORKFORCE FOR THE AI REVOLUTION BY - DR. AMEENA S. HALIMA

Authors: DR. AMEENA S. HALIMA

Registration ID: 108868 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8868

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: adv.ameenahalima@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-31351434/BRIDGING THE SKILLS GAP: RESKILLING AND UPSKILLING

A STUDY ON FOREX FRAUDS AND ITS REGULATORY MECHANISMS BY – RENUGA DEVI.A & MS. VAISHALI

Authors: RENUGA DEVI.A & MS. VAISHALI

Registration ID: 108866 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8866 & IJLRA8867

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: renugadeviachuthan@gmail.com & profvaishalinathan@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-62237434/A STUDY ON FOREX FRAUDS AND ITS REGULATORY MECHANI

THE ROLE OF MARITIME SMUGGLING IN EXPOSING ECONOMIC CRIME IN INDIA BY: MS. SUPRAJA M & MS. T. VAISHALI

Authors: MS. SUPRAJA M & MS. T. VAISHALI

Registration ID: 108864 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8864 & IJLRA8865

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-17146569/THE ROLE OF MARITIME SMUGGLING IN EXPOSING ECONOMI

BEHIND THE WHISTLE: UNDERSTANDING INDIAS PROTECTION FOR TRUTH-TELLERS BY: SHRUTI BALIGA

Authors: SHRUTI BALIGA

Registration ID: 108863 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8863

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shrutibaliga288@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-56899127/BEHIND THE WHISTLE: UNDERSTANDING INDIAS PROTECTIO

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND ACCESS TO LEGAL SERVICES BY - SHREYA SHARMA & NIKAIAH MARIA DA SILVA

Authors: SHREYA SHARMA & NIKAIAH MARIA DA SILVA

Registration ID: 108861 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8861 & IJLRA8862

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shreyaasharma0205@gmail.com & nikaiah2004@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-91215535/EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC INEQUA

CASE ANALYSIS ON OVERSEAS TANKSHIP (UK) LTD. V. MORDOCK & ENGINEERING CO. LTD. (1961) A.K.A. WAGON MOUND’S CASE: CASE ANALYSIS AND CASE COMMENTARY BY - SHREYA SHARMA & NIKAIAH MARIA DA SILVA

Authors: SHREYA SHARMA & NIKAIAH MARIA DA SILVA

Registration ID: 108859 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8859 & IJLRA8860

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shreyaasharma0205@gmail.com & nikaiah2004@gmail.com

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DOI Link :: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-67886796/CASE ANALYSIS ON OVERSEAS TANKSHIP (UK) LTD. V. MO

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM: A NECESSARY EVIL OR A THREAT TO SEPARATION OF POWERS? BY - SHREYA SHARMA

Authors: SHREYA SHARMA

Registration ID: 108858 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA8858

Year : Dec -2024 | Volume: II | Issue: 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shreyaasharma0205@gmail.com

Page No : 19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

DOI Link :: ttps://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2024-73835686/JUDICIAL ACTIVISM: A NECESSARY EVIL OR A THREAT TO

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

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[1] Arya & Shivshankar, Study on Confession under Indian Evidence Act, 1872, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ISSN: 1314-3395, Volume 120, No. 5, 2018.

[12] John Henry Wigmore, “Treaties on Anglo American system of evidence in Trials”

[16] See Section 76 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act, 1984.

[17] Section 82(1) of the police and criminal act 1984

[1] Ms. Neha Bharti, Assistant Professor, School Of law and Constitutional Studies, Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed to be University) Meerut, UP & Nilesh Mani Tripathi, Advocate, Lucknow High Court.

[2] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 Art 9

[4] Jain M.P., “Indian Constitutional Law”, 5^th Edition, Vol. 1, Wadhwa and Company, Nagpur, 2003, p.1295.

[5] Dr. Gurubax Singh, Law Relating to Protection of Human Rights and Human Values, Vinod Publications (P).Ltd, 2008.

[7] DK Basu V. State of West Bengal (1997) 1 SCC 416.

[8] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 Art 9.

[10] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 Art 10.

[13] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 Art 11.

[14] Judicial activism under the Indian constitution’, Address by Hon’ble Mr. K.G. Balakrishnan, Chief Justice of India (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland – October 14, 2009)

[18] Dr. Gurbax Singh, Law Relating to Protection of Human Rights and Human values, Vinod Publications (P).Ltd, Delhi

[20] Soibam Rockey Singh, Time to unlock electronic tracking technology for under trial inmates Supreme Court report (16, Nov 2024) https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/time-to-unlock-electronic-tracking-technology-for-undertrial-inmates-sc-report/article68875869.ece .

[22] "Prison in India: Mapping Prison Manuals and Measures for Reformation and Decongestion", Centre for Research and Planning, October 2024, P-2 https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3ec0490f1f4972d133619a60c30f3559e/uploads/2024/11/2024110677.pdf.

[1] https://www.worldbank.org/en/archive/history/exhibits/Bretton-Woods-and-the-Birth-of-the-World-Bank

[2] Reserve Bank of India-

https://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/english/Currency/Scripts/Ancient.aspx#:~:text=The%20first%20documented%20coinage%20is,dynastic%20coin%20issues%20is%20controversial.

[3] https://www.hdfcbank.com/personal/resources/learning-centre/pay/know-what-is-foreign-exchange

[4] https://www.forexbrokers.com/education/types-of-forex-scams

[5] The Rise of Mr. Ponzi, Inkwell Publishers, Ltd. (Mark Mathosian); First electronic edition (2 July 2001)

[7] https://www.avatrade.com/education/trading-for-beginners/forex-scams

[8] https://seon.io/resources/dictionary/trading-bot-scams/#:~:text=This%20is%20where%20trading%20bot,%2C%20goodbye%20platform%2C%20goodbye%20money.

[9] https://consumer.ftc.gov/features/robocall-scam-examples

[10] https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/market-manipulation/

[11] https://natlawreview.com/article/what-market-manipulation

[12] https://dcba.lacounty.gov/portfolio/false-advertising/

[13] https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/topics/identity-theft/phishing-scams

[14] https://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/English/Scripts/PressReleases.aspx?Id=2438

[16] https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/regulations/jan-2022/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-prohibition-of-fraudulent-and-unfair-trade-practices-relating-to-securities-market-regulations-2003-last-amended-on-january-25-2022-_55604.html

[17] https://www.indiacode.nic.in/repealedfileopen?rfilename=A1973-46.pdf

[18] https://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/English/scripts/FAQs.aspx?SID=6

[19] https://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/English/scripts/FAQs.aspx?Id=3347

[20] https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1988/1/A1999_42.pdf

[21] https://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/English/scripts/FAQs.aspx?SID=6

[22] Ponzi's Scheme,

Mitchell Zuckoff, Penguin Random House

[23] CIVIL APPEAL NO. 9833 OF 2011, https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebi_data/attachdocs/1351500106870.pdf

[24] https://www.deccanherald.com/content/371301/rs-2276-crore-speak-asia.html

[25] https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/stock-guru-scam-ed-to-attach-properties-of-accused-couple/article23107670.ece

[26] https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ed-seizes-rs-12-96-lakh-in-foreign-currency-after-raids-against-former-axis-bank-mutual-fund-manager/articleshow/113267844.cms

[27] https://theprint.in/india/how-a-pune-investors-complaint-blew-lid-off-rs-900-cr-fraud-linked-to-octafx-forex-trading-platform/2316478/

[28] https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/salem-businessman-loses-222-crore-man-from-kerala-held-for-online-trading-investment-scam/article68875993.ece#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20police%2C%20the,Trading'%20would%20yield%20multiple%20profit.

[1] The Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators (SAFEMA) Act, 1976, Provisions applicable to economic crimes revealed through smuggling activities.

[2] Interpol’s Crime Data, Transnational Economic Crimes: A Focus on the Indian Ocean,2022.

[3] Indian Penal Code, 1860, Sec. 135, Provisions for dealing with economic crimes revealed through smuggling activities.

[4] Kumar, A., & Rao, P., “Economic Crimes and the Role of Illegal Maritime Trade” (2022) 7 (3) Indian Journal of Economic Affairs, PP. 33-45.

[5] Reserve Bank of India, Report on Black Money and Its Impact on the Indian Economy (2023), P. 54.

[6] Customs Act, 1962, Sections 111-135, (Discusses penalties for illegal trade and smuggling activities).

[7] International Maritime Organization (IMO), Combating Illicit Maritime Activities (2021), p. 42.

[8] Shipping Corporation of India, Report on Maritime Trade Vulnerabilities (2023), p. 18.

[9] International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), Global Impacts of Smuggling on Trade Economics (2022), p. 45.

[10] International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), Global Impact of Smuggling on Trade Economics (2022), p. 45.

[11] Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), India, Annual Report on Economic Offenses Related to Smuggling (2022), p. 32.

[12] The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, Sections 23 – 25.

[13] The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, Section 3.

[1] Sikha Patheja, “system of whistleblowing in India” 4 Issue 7 IJSR

[2] Sikha Patheja, “system of whistleblowing in India” 4 Issue 7 IJSR

[3] Kautilya, The Arthashastra 298 (L.N Rangarajan trans., Penguin Classics 1992)

[4] J.R Beck, The False Claims Act and the English Eradication of Qui Tam Legislation

[5] Stephen M. Kohn, The Whistleblowers of 1777, N.Y Times, A23

[6] Whistleblower Protection Legislation in India: A Critical Analysis Dr. Seema Gupta

[10] Sebi (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015

[1] “Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1–28. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1811581”

[2] “Frank, R. H. (2019). How Rising Income Inequality Threatens Access to the Legal System. Daedalus, 148(1), 10–18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48562959”

[3] “Skolnik, A. (2016). The effects of legal aid on family and housing outcomes: Experimental evidence from New York City. American Economic Review, 106(5), 435-439.”

[4] “Brooks, J. R. (2019). Curing the Cost Disease: Legal Education, Legal Services, and the Role of Income-Contingent Loans. Journal of Legal Education, 68(3), 521–547. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27072333”

[5] “Fujita, S. (2023, September 18). Income inequality in terms of a Gini coefficient: a Kaleckian perspective. Cambridge Journal of Economics. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bead036”

[6] “Sen, A. K. (1997). From Income Inequality to Economic Inequality. Southern Economic Journal, 64(2), 384–401. https://doi.org/10.2307/1060857”

[7] “Neckerman, K. M., & Torche, F. (2007). Inequality: Causes and Consequences. Annual Review of Sociology, 33, 335–357. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29737766”

[8] “Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1–28. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1811581”

[9] “Sen, A. K. (1997). From Income Inequality to Economic Inequality. Southern Economic Journal, 64(2), 384–401. https://doi.org/10.2307/1060857”

[10] Financial Barriers: Hadfield, G.K. & McDonald, D. (2017). Toward comprehensible benchmarks: Estimating minimum cost of legal infrastructure for ordinary Americans. Vanderbilt Law Review, 70(5), 1599-1652.

[11] Systemic Barriers: Hagan, J. & Heflin, C.M. (2016). Legal capability and access to civil justice in America: Evidence from the 2014 survey of legal consciousness. Law & Society Review. 50(4), 936-971.

[12] Cultural Barriers and Stigmatisation and Social Factors: Sandefur, R.L. (2018). Access to justice and the sociology of inequality. Annual Review of Sociology, 4, 189-207.

[13] Legal Aid Programmes: Gill, M.A. (2019). Legal Aid and Access to Justice: Empirical Evidence from Civil Courts. Harvard Law Review, 13295), 1437-1480.

[14] Pro Bono- Services: Hansmaan, H.B. (2017). Lawyers Who Do Well While Doing Good: A New Source of Public Interest Law. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 14(3), 555-590.

[15] Legal Clinics: Maranville, D., et al. (2016). Access to Justice as a Policy Objective: A Conceptual Framework. Fordham Law Review, 84(5), 1977-2018.

[16] Means Tested Fee Waivers: Horton, J. (2020). Access to Justice and Poverty Law: The Need for Legal and Systemic Reform. Ohio State Law Journal, 81(4), 857-886.

[1] “Simon James & Chantal Stebbings, Tax: A Multidisciplinary Approach (1997).”

[2] “K.D. Kmiec, The Origin and Current Meanings of “Judicial Activism”, 92 Calif. L. Rev. 1441, 1441–77 (2004), https://doi.org/10.2307/3481421”

[3]“ M.M. Semwal & S. Khosla, Judicial Activism, 69 Indian J. Pol. Sci. 113, 113–126 (2008), http://www.jstor.org/stable/41856396”

[4] “Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar A.I.R. 1979 S.C. 1369.”

[5] “Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, A.I.R. 1978 S.C. 597”

[6] “Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, A.I.R. 1973 S.C. 1461”

[7] “Nat’l Legal Servs. Auth. v. Union of India, (2014) 5 S.C.C. 438”

[8] “Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Ass’n v. Union of India, (2016) 5 S.C.C. 1”

[9] “State of Tamil Nadu v. K. Balu, (2017) 2 S.C.C. 281”

[10] “Arun Gopal v. Union of India, W.P. (C) No. 728/2015, Supreme Court of India (Oct. 9, 2017).”

[11] “M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, (2018) 3 S.C.C. 199”

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ANALYSIS ON CONFESSION IN UNITED STATES, UNITED KINGDOM, AND INDIA BY - ANBUSELVI S, ATHIMADHURA R & SUBHA KAVINITHA R

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION ACT WITH RECENT CASES BY: V.VIDUTHALAI VIRUMBI & MS.T.VAISHALI

PRISONER’S RIGHT: AN ANALYSIS THROUGH THE PRISM OF HUMAN RIGHT BY - NEHA BHARTI & NEELESH MANI TRIPATHI

BRIDGING THE SKILLS GAP: RESKILLING AND UPSKILLING INDIAS WORKFORCE FOR THE AI REVOLUTION BY - DR. AMEENA S. HALIMA

A STUDY ON FOREX FRAUDS AND ITS REGULATORY MECHANISMS BY – RENUGA DEVI.A & MS. VAISHALI

THE ROLE OF MARITIME SMUGGLING IN EXPOSING ECONOMIC CRIME IN INDIA BY: MS. SUPRAJA M & MS. T. VAISHALI

BEHIND THE WHISTLE: UNDERSTANDING INDIAS PROTECTION FOR TRUTH-TELLERS BY: SHRUTI BALIGA

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND ACCESS TO LEGAL SERVICES BY - SHREYA SHARMA & NIKAIAH MARIA DA SILVA

CASE ANALYSIS ON OVERSEAS TANKSHIP (UK) LTD. V. MORDOCK & ENGINEERING CO. LTD. (1961) A.K.A. WAGON MOUND’S CASE: CASE ANALYSIS AND CASE COMMENTARY BY - SHREYA SHARMA & NIKAIAH MARIA DA SILVA

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM: A NECESSARY EVIL OR A THREAT TO SEPARATION OF POWERS? BY - SHREYA SHARMA

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