INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

ADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY AND THE DIGITAL AGE: INFLUENCES ON CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN CYBER CRIMES AND DIGITAL EVIDENCE CASES BY - TANYA ELIZABETH MATHEW

Authors : TANYA ELIZABETH MATHEW

Registration ID : 107824 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7824

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : tanyamt119@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2024-31343883/ADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY AND THE DIGITAL AGE: IN

THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF RIGHT TO LEGAL AID IN INDIA: AN ASSESSMENT BY - MIRZA ADEEB JIAN

Authors : MIRZA ADEEB JIAN

Registration ID : 107823 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7823

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : mirza23@nluassam.ac.in

Page No : 21 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2024-92587264/THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF RIGHT TO LEGAL AID IN

“FREEDOM TO DO BUSINESS AND TRADE IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL PREROGATIVES AND JUDICIAL DYNAMISM” BY - DHILAN SARMA

Authors : DHILAN SARMA

Registration ID : 107822 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7822

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : dhilan23@nluassam.ac.in

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2024-25277477/“FREEDOM TO DO BUSINESS AND TRADE IN INDIA: CONS

HORIZONTAL APPLICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN INDIA – NEED AND CHALLENGES BY - ADARSH GOGOI

Authors : ADARSH GOGOI

Registration ID : 107821 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7821

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : adarshgogoi90@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2024-25773833/HORIZONTAL APPLICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN IN

ONE PERSON COMPANY IN INDIA & ITS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH THE UNITED KINGDOM (U.K) BY: TAMANNA BANSAL

Authors : TAMANNA BANSAL

Registration ID : 107820 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7820

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : tamannabansal07@gmail.com

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2024-49667969/ONE PERSON COMPANY IN INDIA & ITS COMPARATIVE ANAL

RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION IN INDIA: EXPLAINED HORIZONTALLY BY - PRIYANSH KANAWAT

Authors : PRIYANSH KANAWAT

Registration ID : 107819 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7819

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : priyansh23@nluassam.ac.in

Page No : 15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2024-42286814/RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION IN INDIA: EXPLAINED HOR

SETTING THE BLOCKS FOR ASEAN: HOW IP INJECTION CAN INCREASE THE FRUITFULNESS OF AEC AND ITS GOAL OF 2025 BY - ABHISHEK SHARMA, ANNANY MAMGAIN & ARYAN GARG

Authors : ABHISHEK SHARMA, ANNANY MAMGAIN & ARYAN GARG

Registration ID : 107817 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7817 & IJLRA7818

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : abhisheksharma6820000@gmail.com & mamgainannany@gmail.com

Page No : 22 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2024-64869658/SETTING THE BLOCKS FOR ASEAN: HOW IP INJECTION CAN

UNDERSTANDING CYBER ESPIONAGE AND STATE-SPONSORED ATTACKS BY - DEEPANSHI SRIVASTAVA

Authors : DEEPANSHI SRIVASTAVA

Registration ID : 107816 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7816

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : deepanshisrivastava462@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2024-32156566/UNDERSTANDING CYBER ESPIONAGE AND STATE-SPONSORED

AN OVERVIEW OF DIRECT TAXES CODE BILL BY- AYUSH PATIDAR & SNEHA SHARMA

Authors : AYUSH PATIDAR & SNEHA SHARMA

Registration ID : 107814 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7814 & IJLRA7815

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ayushpatidar99933@gmail.com & sharmasneha00123@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2024-13997372/AN OVERVIEW OF DIRECT TAXES CODE BILL

CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON THE GAP IN SEBI DISGORGEMENT ORDERS: SAFEGUARDING THE INTERESTS OF AFFECTED INVESTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS BY- AYUSH PATIDAR

Authors : AYUSH PATIDAR

Registration ID : 107813 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA7813

Year : May-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ayushpatidar99933@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2024-16812149/CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON THE GAP IN SEBI DISGORGEMENT

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

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All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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^{^[1]} Marina Mati? Boškovi?, Cybercrime Money Laundering Cases And Digital Evidence, Vol. 66, Iss: 4, pp 451-167, 26 Jan 2023.

^{^[2]} Gerhard Wagner, Liability Rules for the Digital Age, Journal of European Tort Law-Vol. 13, Iss: 3, pp 191-243, 01 Dec 2022.

^{^[3]} Digital Criminal Evidence in Traditional Crime, Vol. 2021, Iss: 1, 30 July 2022.

^{^[4]} Lindsay Freeman, Raquel Vazquez Llorente, Finding the Signal in the Noise seInternational Criminal Evidence and Procedure in the Digital Age, Journal of International Criminal Justice (Oxford Academic)-Vol. 19, Iss: 1, pp 163-188, 13 Sep 2021.

^{^[5]} Fixing Liabilities for Technology in Cyber Crimes – A Critical Analysis, Vol. 09, Iss: 01, pp 51-64, 01 Jan 2023.

^{^[6]} The New York Times, 'Global Ransomware Attack: What We Know and Don't Know,' The New York Times.

^{^[7]} David E. Sanger et al., 'How Russian Hackers Infiltrated the U.S. Government,' The New York Times.

^{^[8]} United States v. Ulbricht, 858 F.3d 71 (2d Cir. 2017).

^{^[9]} Verizon, 2020 Data Breach Investigations Report (Verizon 2020).

^{^[10]} Verizon, 2020 Data Breach Investigations Report (Verizon 2020).

^{^[11]} Symantec, Internet Security Threat Report 2021 (Symantec 2021).

^{^[12]} Symantec, Internet Security Threat Report 2021 (Symantec 2021).

^{^[13]} International Data Corporation (IDC), Worldwide Global DataSphere Forecast, 2020-2024 (IDC #US46262620, Nov. 2020).

^{^[15]} Apple Inc. v. FBI, 256 F. Supp. 3d 142 (D.D.C. 2017).

^{^[17]} Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (Text with EEA relevance) OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 1–88.

^{^[18]} Case C-177/20, Google LLC v. Commission, [2022] 1 C.M.L.R. 1.

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[1] Galati, L. (2023, September 27). What Is Cyber Espionage? Understanding State Sponsored Cyber Attacks. Cyberteam. https://www.cyberteam.us/blog/what-is-cyber-espionage-understanding-state-sponsored-cyber-attacks

[2] Alvarez, J. (2015, February 3). Stuxnet: The world's first cyber weapon. Stanford.edu. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/news/stuxnet

[3] Wolter, D. (n.d.). The UN Takes a Big Step Forward on Cybersecurity. Arms Control Association. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2013-09/un-takes-big-step-forward-cybersecurity

[4] (n.d.). The Budapest Convention (ETS No. 185) and its Protocols. Www.coe.int. https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/the-budapest-convention

[5] (n.d.). 2015 United States–China Cybersecurity Agreement. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_United_States%E2%80%93China_Cybersecurity_Agreement

[6] Rollins, J. W. (2015, October 16). U.S.–China Cyber Agreement. CRS INSIGHT. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IN10376.pdf

[7] (2020, May 28). Understanding the EU's approach to cyber diplomacy and cyber defence. Think Tank. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI%282020%29651937

[8] Miadzvetskaya, Yuliya and Wessel, Ramses A., The Externalisation of the EU’s Cybersecurity Regime: The Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox (July 21, 2022). 7(1) European Papers 2022, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 27/2022, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4199627

[9] (n.d.). Defending the networks The NATO Policy on Cyber Defence. NATO OTAN. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/NATO-110608-CyberdefencePolicyExecSummary.pdf

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[12] Williams, J. (2020, December 15). What You Need to Know About the SolarWinds Supply-Chain Attack. Sans.org. https://www.sans.org/blog/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-solarwinds-supply-chain-attack/

[13] (n.d.). The SolarWinds Cyber-Attack: What You Need to Know. Centre for Internet Security. https://www.cisecurity.org/solarwinds

[14] V. (2023, November 27). Email breach chronicles: The NotPetya catastrophe - global havoc in 2017. Zoho.com. https://www.zoho.com/workplace/articles/workplace/articles/notpetya-cyberattack.html

[1] Lok Sabha, F. (2012). STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE (2011-12) THE DIRECT TAXES CODE BILL, 2010 FORTY-NINTH REPORT LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI (Saka) 2 FORTY-NINTH REPORT STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE (2011-2012) (FIFTEENTH LOK SABHA) THE DIRECT TAXES CODE BILL.

[6] Dr. Justice A.R. Lakshmanan, D.D. Basu, Shorter Constitution of India, 1683 (14^th Ed. 2009).

[7] Dr. Justice A.R. Lakshmanan, D.D. Basu, Shorter Constitution of India, 1683 (14^th Ed. 2009).

[8] Lok Sabha, F. (2012). STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE (2011-12) THE DIRECT TAXES CODE BILL, 2010 FORTY-NINTH REPORT LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI (Saka) 2 FORTY-NINTH REPORT STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE (2011-2012) (FIFTEENTH LOK SABHA) THE DIRECT TAXES CODE BILL.

[10] Vol. III, (New Delhi, India, 1953-54), 181-330.

[15] McDowell and Co. Ltd. v. CTO, (1985) 3 SCC 230 : AIR 1986 SC 649.

[16] See Nani Palkhivala et al., The Law and Practice of Income Tax 66 (9th Edn., Dinesh Vyas Ed., 2004)(hereinafter “Palkhivala”).

[17] Vodafone International Holdings v. Union of India, 2008 SCC OnLine Bom 1152 : (2009) 311 ITR 46.

[18] Rao, K. R. and Chakraborty, P. 2010. Goods and services tax in India : An Assessment

of the Base, Economic & Political Weekly, XLV (1), January 2.

[19] Rao, M., Rao, G. and Rao, K. R. 2009. Direct taxes code : Need for greater reflection,

Economic & Political Weekly, XLIV( 37), September

[20] Shetty, S.L. 2010. Mare tax concessions for more inequality, Economic & Political

Weekly, 2010 XLV (11).,March 1

[21] Shetty, S.L. 2010. Mare tax concessions for more inequality, Economic & Political

Weekly, 2010 XLV (11).,March 1

[22] Rao, M., Rao, G. and Rao, K. R. 2009. Direct taxes code : Need for greater reflection,

Economic & Political Weekly, XLIV( 37), September.

[23] The Indian Journal of Commerce Vol. 64, No. 2, April-June 2011.

[1] Huntington v. Attrill, 1892 SCC OnLine US SC 245 : 36 L Ed 1123 : 146 US 657 (1892), 667.

[2] Kokesh v. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2017 SCC OnLine US SC 58 : 581 US ___ (2017).

[3] SEC v. Texas Gulf Sulphur Co., 401 F 2d 833 (1968).

[4] Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-204, 116 Stat. 745 (2002).

[5] Barbara Black, Should the SEC Be a Collection Agency for Defrauded Investors? 63 THE BUSINESS LAWYER, 317-346 (Feb., 2008). Barbara Black, Should the SEC Be a Collection Agency for Defrauded Investors? 63 THE BUSINESS LAWYER, 317-346 (Feb., 2008).

[6] The Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992, No. 15, Acts of Parliament, 1992

[7] Rakesh Agrawal v. SEBI, 2003 SCC OnLine SAT 38 : (2004) 49 SCL 351.

[8] Id. at ¶77 (Quoting Securities and Exchange Commission v. Maurice Rind, 991 F 2d 1486 (9th Cir 1993)); see Videocon International Ltd. v. SEBI, (2015) 4 SCC 33.

[9] SAT followed the earlier cases of SEC v. Maurice Rind, 991 F 2d 1486 (9th Cir 1993); SEC v. Manor Nursing Centers Inc., 458 F 2d 1082 (2nd Cir 1972); Sterlite Industries (India) Ltd. v. SEBI, 2001 SCC OnLine SAT 28; BPL Ltd. v. SEBI, 2001 SCC OnLine SAT 40; Videocon International Ltd. v. SEBI, Id.

[10] Ritesh Agarwal v. SEBI, (2008) 8 SCC 205, at ¶27.

[11] Roopalben N. Panchal, In re, 2011 SCC OnLine SEBI 33, at ¶9d.

[12] Dushyant N. Dalal v. SEBI, (2017) 9 SCC 660.

[14] The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Amendment) Act, 2014, No. 27, Acts of Parliament, 2014.

[16] Ram Kishori Gupta v. SEBI, 2019 SCC OnLine SAT 149.

[18] THE BOARDOFTHE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONOF SECURITIES COMMISSIONS, PRINCIPLESFOR FINANCIAL BENCHMARKS(2013).

[21] M.S. Sahoo, Historical Perspective of Securities Laws. CHARTERED SEC'Y (2000).

[22] INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONOF SECURITIES COMMISSIONS, OBJECTIVESAND PRINCIPLESOF SECURITIES REGULATION(2003).

[23] The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Amendment) Act, 1995, No. 5, Acts of Parliament, 1995.

[25]The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Amendment) Act, 2002, No. 59, Acts of Parliament, 2002

[26] ET Bureau, CAG pulls up 5 watchdogs for keeping fee out of govt accounts, THE ECONOMIC TIMES (Mar. 19, 2011, 12:49 AM).

[27] Indian Contract Act, 1872, No. 9, Acts of Parliament, 1872.

[28] ANNA PAYNE & MONIQUE LEAHY, RESTITUTIONAND IMPLIED CONTRACTS, 66AM. JUR.2D §6 (Thomson Reuters, 2001).

[29] Karvy Stock Broking Ltd. v. SEBI, 2008 SCC OnLine SAT 74, at ¶5.

[31] Karvy Stock Broking Ltd. v. SEBI, supra note 32, at ¶7.

[32] Karvy Stock Broking Ltd. v. SEBI, 2007 SCC OnLine SAT 2, at ¶18.

[33] IPO Irregularities-Dealings by Mr. Deepak Kumar Shantilal Jain in The Initial Public Offering of Infrastructure Development Finance Co. Ltd., In re, 2008 SCC OnLine SEBI 176, at ¶13.

[34] Sumeet Industries Ltd. v. SEBI, 2016 SCC OnLine SAT 289.

[35] Palem Srikanth Reddy, In re, 2016 SCC OnLine SEBI 42, at ¶12.

[36] National Stock Exchange of India Ltd., In re, 2019 SCC OnLine SEBI 120, at ¶8.3.3.9.

[37] OPG Securities (P) Ltd., In re, 2019 SCC OnLine SEBI 116.

[38] In National Stock Exchange of India Ltd., In re, supra note 38, at ¶10.2.

[39] In ICICI Bank Ltd., In re, 2016 SCC OnLine SEBI 19, at ¶24.

[40] Trojan and Co. v. N.N. Nagappa Chettiar, AIR 1953 SC 235 : 1953 SCR 789.

[42] Ramkishori Gupta v. SEBI, 2013 SCC OnLine SAT 17 : [2013] SAT 52.

[43] In re Jay Bharat Fabrics Mills Ltd., SEBI Order No.AS/AO-03/2014 (2014), https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebi_data/attachdocs/1393913697715.pdf (last visited May 18, 2020).

[44] Sumeet Industries Ltd., In re, 2014 SCC OnLine SEBI 278.

[47] Bihar Public Service Commission v. Saiyed Hussain Abbas Rizwi, (2012) 13 SCC 61, at ¶22.

[48] N. Narayanan v. Adjudicating Officer, supra note 19.

[49] R.K. Agarwal v. SEBI, 2001 SCC OnLine SAT 15 : 2001 SAT 15.

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