INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

TAXATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS: A BARRIER TO HEALTH AND WELL-BEING BY - RAGHUNATH M.

Authors : RAGHUNATH M.

Registration ID : 106955 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6955

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : aakashraghunath0@gmail.com

Page No : 15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-29479518/TAXATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS: A BARRIER TO HEA

FEMALE OFFENDERS AND PRISONERS THROUGH THE EYES OF FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY BY - NAIR ANUBHA MOHANKUMAR

Authors : NAIR ANUBHA MOHANKUMAR

Registration ID : 106954 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6954

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : anubhanair0312@gmail.com

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-38575344/FEMALE OFFENDERS AND PRISONERS THROUGH THE EYES OF

THE NOVELTY OF THE CRIMINAL LAWS – AN OVERVIEW BY - NISHA KANDARI

Authors : NISHA KANDARI

Registration ID : 106953 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6953

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : nisha.kandari@gmail.com

Page No : 9 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-76778687/THE NOVELTY OF THE CRIMINAL LAWS – AN OVERVIEW

CONSEQUENCES OF VIKASH KUMAR VS UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION AND ARNAB ROY VERSUS CONSORTIUM OF NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITIES & ANR. FOR THE DISABLED COMMUNITY. BY - KANGAN CHAWLA

Authors : KANGAN CHAWLA

Registration ID : 106952 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6952

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : kangan140@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-43553849/CONSEQUENCES OF VIKASH KUMAR VS UNION PUBLIC SERVI

NATIONAL SECURITY THREAT IN CYBERSPACE BY - ANANT KUMAR

Authors : ANANT KUMAR

Registration ID : 106951 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6951

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : anantkumar25062001@gmail.com

Page No : 15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-94993743/NATIONAL SECURITY THREAT IN CYBERSPACE

DOCTRINE OF STARE DECISIS BY - JOY M G

Authors : JOY M G

Registration ID : 106950 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6950

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : joymanthra@yahoo.co.uk

Page No : 10 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-22714244/DOCTRINE OF STARE DECISIS

FROM BENCH TO BROWSER: NAVIGATING THE TERRAIN OF INKLESS JUDGEMENTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY BY - BANSHIKA GUPTA & PRIYANSHI CHAKRABORTY

Authors : BANSHIKA GUPTA & PRIYANSHI CHAKRABORTY

Registration ID : 106948 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6948 & IJLRA6949

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : guptavanshika581@gmail.com & priyanshi.1042004@gmail.com

Page No : 23 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-74235654/FROM BENCH TO BROWSER: NAVIGATING THE TERRAIN OF I

AN ANALYSIS OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING WITH REFERENCE TO INDIA BY: SWATI MISHRA

Authors : SWATI MISHRA

Registration ID : 106947 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6947

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : swati2002.sam@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-17847335/AN ANALYSIS OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING WITH REFERENC

PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR TRANSGENDERS COMMUNITY IN INDIA BY: GOURIKA AGANPAL

Authors : GOURIKA AGANPAL

Registration ID : 106946 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6946

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : gourika12@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-91213697/PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR TRANSGENDERS COMMUNITY IN INDI

ETHICAL AND LEGAL CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICAL FIELD BY - DHIVYA T

Authors : DHIVYA T

Registration ID : 106945 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA6945

Year : Feb-2024 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : divyathandavarayan1996@gmail.com

Page No : 20 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2024-23622215/ETHICAL AND LEGAL CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLI

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

Submit Manuscript:Click here

Licensing:

All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

[1] Goods and Services Tax Council. https://gstcouncil.gov.in/ (last visited on 25-02-2024).

[2] Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, https://cbic-gst.gov.in/gst-goods-services-rates.html (last visited on 21-02-2024)

[3] Sitanshu Sekhar Kar, Concept of Essential Medicines and Rational Use in Public Health, 35 Indian J. Community Med. Jan (2010), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888334/.

[4] World Health Organization, World Health Organization Essential Medicines List (23rd Adult List), WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2023.02 (March 2023), https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2023.02.

[5] Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1948, Article 25(1)

[6] International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,1966, Article 12

[7] Convention on Rights of the Child, 1989, Article 24

[8] Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006, Article 25

[9] Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, 1979, Article 12

[16] CreditMantri. GST on Medicines. https://www.creditmantri.com/gst-on-medicines/. Accessed on 24-02-2024.

^{^[1]} Bajpai, and Bajpai, Female Criminality in India, Rawat, Jaipur, 2000.

^{^[2]} Carlen and Tchaikovsky, ‘Women in Prison’, in Carlen, Pat (ed), Criminal Women,Polity Press, Cambridge, 1985.

^{^[4]} Chesney-Lind, M. (1997) The Female Offender. Girls, Women and Crime. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage

^{^[5]} Prayas, Forced Separation: Children of Imprisoned Mothers, Prayas, Mumbai, 2002.

^{^[6]} Cherukuri, Suvarna, Women in Prison, Foundation, Delhi, 2008.

^{^[7]} Akers and Seller, Criminological Theories, Rawat, Jaipur, 2004.

^{^[9]} Maniyar, Mridula, Women Criminals and Their Life Style, Kaveri, New Delhi, 2023.

^{^[10]} Nirmal, Chiranjivi J. ‘Human Rights of Prisoners’ in Nirmal Chiranjivi J. (ed),Human Rights in India, Oxford, New Delhi, 2000, p 164.

^{^[11]} V.R. Krishnan Iyer, “Are not women human even in custody”. Human Rights Year Book(2000), P.94.

^{^[12]} Sethna, M. J., Society and the Criminal, Kitab Mahal, Bombay, 1964.

^{^[13]} Steffensmeier, Darrell ‘Female Crime Trends 1960- 1995’, in Renzetti, and Goodstein (ed), Women Crime and Criminal Justice, Roxbury, Los Angeles, 2001.

^{^[14]} Bastick, M.&Townhead, L(2008), Women in Prison: A Commentary on the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the treatment of prisoners.

[1] Vikash Kumar vs Union Public Service Commission 2020 SCC OnLine SC 1119

[2] Arnab Roy Versus Consortium of National Law Universities & Anr 2023 SCC OnLine SC 484

[3] Angelica Guevara, The Need to Reimagine Disability Rights Law Because the Medical Model of Disability Fails Us All, 2021 Wis. L. REV. 269 (2021).

[4] Tom Shakspeare, DISABILITY RIGHTS AND WRONGS REVISITED 106 (2d ed. 2014) ("What divides disabled from non-disabled people, in [the social model] formulation, is the imposition of social oppression and social exclusion.").

[5] Some of the phrases that the Supreme Court condemns the use of are “suffering” when referring to someone's disability and “normal life” when referring to an able bodied person’s life.

[6] 3.1 JCLJ (2022) 1327 Principle of Reasonable Accommodation: A Solution for Communal Disharmony

[7] Vikash Kumar vs Union Public Service Commission 2020 SCC OnLine SC 1119

[8] Justice Sunanda Bhandare Foundation v. Union of India (2018) 2 SCC 397

[9] Karnataka State Law University Vs. Krishna Writ Appeal No. 722 OF 2023

^{^[1]}Student, BB. A LL. B-3rd Year, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), New Law College, Pune

[2] Kathan Patel and Dhaval Chudasama, National Security Threat in Cyberspace: Available at Law journal (Volume 4, Issue 1, 2021). Also available at (PDF) National Security Threats in Cyberspace (researchgate.net)

[3] Abhi and Niyu.[Abhi and Niyu](2023,9jun).Why India needs cybersecurity. YouTube

.https://youtu.be/pWpqj1GlDJI?si=UhsrrXNkjOBqFzl1

[4] Bharat Sharma, What’s Happening at AIIMS After Sensitive Ransomware Attack? (2 DEC 2022) available at Explained: What's Happening At AIIMS After Sensitive Ransomware Attack? (indiatimes.com)

[5] Bharat Sharma, What’s Happening at AIIMS After Sensitive Ransomware Attack? (2 DEC 2022) available at Explained: What's Happening At AIIMS After Sensitive Ransomware Attack? (indiatimes.com)

[6] Divyanshi sharma, Received an email about YouTube changing its policies? It might be a phishing attempt, do not fall for it. Available at Received an email about YouTube changing its policies? It might be a phishing attempt, do not fall for it - India Today

[7] Tony Bradely, New Report Highlights Concerning Trends For Cyberwarfare available at FORBES, New Report Highlights Concerning Trends For Cyberwarfare (forbes.com)

[9] IANS, Cyber-attacks: India among top 3 most-affected nations in Asia in 2021 available at business standard(24 FEB 2022) Cyber attacks: India among top 3 most-affected nations in Asia in 2021 (business-standard.com)

[11] India's Cybersecurity Challenge: Threats and Strategies (26 dec 2023) . available at India's Cybersecurity Challenge: Threats and Strategies (drishtiias.com)

[1] Ambika Prasad v.State of U P ,AIR 1980 SC 1762 .

[2] Jayant Verma v.Union of India.AIR 2018 SC 1079.

[3] Arasmeta Captive Power Co.Pvt.Ltd v.Lafarage India Pvt.Ltd AIR 2014 SC 525 at pp 535,536.

[4] Union of India v.Pfizer Ltd.AIR 2018 SC 265 p 279.

[2] “Digitalization of Indian Judiciary – A Necessity or A Luxury?” (Law Insider India, September 16, 2021) https://www.lawinsider.in/columns/digitalization-of-indian-judiciary-a-necessity-or-a-luxury

[4] Tiwari RK and Singh A, “Digitalization -The New Era of Indian Judiciary” (ResearchGate, January 1, 2020) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346530267_Digitalization_-The_New_Era_of_Indian_Judiciary

[6] “E-Courts Mission Mode Project | Official Website of e-Committee, Supreme Court of India | India” https://ecommitteesci.gov.in/project/brief-overview-of-e-courts-project/

[7] “E-Initiatives | Official Website of e-Committee, Supreme Court of India | India” https://ecommitteesci.gov.in/project/e-initiatives-cg/

[8] “Phase-III | Department of Justice | India” https://doj.gov.in/phase-iii/

^{^[1]} Tamil Nadu Electricity workers Federation v. Madras Electricity Board, AIR 1965 Madras 111.

^{^[2]} Srivastava Sc, Industrial Relations and Labour Laws, 4th edition,2000

^{^[3]} https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collective-bargaining.asp

^{^[4]} https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/article/wcms_173298.pdf

^{^[5]} F.H Harbison, Goals and strategy in collective bargaining, (Harper and Bros, 1951).

^{^[6]} International Labour Office, Collective Bargaining (a worker’s education Manual), in (1960) p.3.

^{^[7]} C.S Golden, causes of industrial peace under collective bargaining,USA, the national planning association,1949.

^{^[8]} https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/24700/1/Unit-9.pdf

^{^[9]} Collective Bargaining, A workers’ education manual,1960)

^{^[10]} https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-12092-efficacy-of-collective-bargaining-and-worker-s-association.html#:~:text=Collective Bargaining enhances workers' voices,trade union effectively represent workers.

^{^[11]} Government of India, second five year plan (1956) p. 574.

^{^[12]} Srivastava sc, Industrial Relations and Labour Laws, 4th elm, Vikas Publishing house 2004

[3] https://lexpeeps.in/transgender-property-rights/

[4] https://lexpeeps.in/transgender-property-rights/

[5] https://privacylibrary.ccgnlud.org/case/national-legal-services-authority-vs-union-of-india#:~:text=The%20Court%20held%20that%20in,the%20rights%20of%20the%20community.

[6] https://privacylibrary.ccgnlud.org/case/national-legal-services-authority-vs-union-of-india#:~:text=The%20Court%20held%20that%20in,the%20rights%20of%20the%20community.

[8] Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018): Section 377 provides punishment for unnatural offences, and this impediment was used as an instrument to harass them. Due to their relatively insignificant numbers, they were less noticed. However, the Supreme Court, in this case, decriminalized the so called “unnatural offences” under the Section.

[9] The Supreme Court ruled that transgender people should be recognized as third gender and must be allowed to enjoy all the Fundamental Rights.

[1] The author is working as an Assistant Professor at School of Excellence In Tamilnadu Dr.Ambedkar Law University,Chennai.

[2] An AI application under development in Nigeria, aims to address SDG 3.2 by 2030 (it ends preventable deaths of newborns and children under five years of age)

[3] UK Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare and research, http://nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/Artificial-Intelligence-AI-in-healthcare-and-research.pdf; 2018 [accessed 01.02.2024].

[4] IBM. IBM Watson for oncology, https://www.ibm.com; 2020 [accessed 03.02.24].

[5] Brown J. IBM Watson reportedly recommended cancer treatments that were ‘unsafe and incorrect’. Gizmodo, https://gizmodo.com/ibm-watson-reportedly-recommended-cancer-treatments-tha-1827868882; 2018 [accessed 05.02.24].

[6] Figure Eight. What is training data?, https://www.figure-eight.com/resources/what-is-training-data; 2020 [accessed 05.02.2024].

[7] Short E. It turns out Amazon’s AI hiring tool discriminated against women. Silicon Repub, https://www.siliconrepublic.com/careers/amazon-ai-hiring-tool-women-discrimination; [accessed 05.02.2024].

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

TAXATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS: A BARRIER TO HEALTH AND WELL-BEING BY - RAGHUNATH M.

FEMALE OFFENDERS AND PRISONERS THROUGH THE EYES OF FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY BY - NAIR ANUBHA MOHANKUMAR

THE NOVELTY OF THE CRIMINAL LAWS – AN OVERVIEW BY - NISHA KANDARI

CONSEQUENCES OF VIKASH KUMAR VS UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION AND ARNAB ROY VERSUS CONSORTIUM OF NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITIES & ANR. FOR THE DISABLED COMMUNITY. BY - KANGAN CHAWLA

NATIONAL SECURITY THREAT IN CYBERSPACE BY - ANANT KUMAR

DOCTRINE OF STARE DECISIS BY - JOY M G

FROM BENCH TO BROWSER: NAVIGATING THE TERRAIN OF INKLESS JUDGEMENTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY BY - BANSHIKA GUPTA & PRIYANSHI CHAKRABORTY

AN ANALYSIS OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING WITH REFERENCE TO INDIA BY: SWATI MISHRA

PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR TRANSGENDERS COMMUNITY IN INDIA BY: GOURIKA AGANPAL

ETHICAL AND LEGAL CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICAL FIELD BY - DHIVYA T

LAW JOURNAL

IMPORTANT LINKS

ETHICS & POLICY

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation 2