INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

THE EVOLUTION OF BLOCKCHAIN AND CRYPTOCURRENCY LEGISLATION IN INDIA: REGULATIONS, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. BY - GANESH. VAJRAPU & SHAIK ISHRATH SADIQUA

Authors : GANESH. VAJRAPU & SHAIK ISHRATH SADIQUA

Registration ID : 106559 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6559 & IJLRA6560

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : ganeshvajrapu7@gmail.com & ishrath.sq2004@gmail.com

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Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2023-16151298/THE EVOLUTION OF BLOCKCHAIN AND CRYPTOCURRENCY LEG

JUSTICE DELAYED UNRAVELLING THE CONUNDRUM OF JUSTICE DELAYED IS JUSTICE DENIED BY - PRIYA JAISWAL

Authors : PRIYA JAISWAL

Registration ID : 106558 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6558

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : priya23jaiswal04@gmail.com

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Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2023-38615394/JUSTICE DELAYED UNRAVELLING THE CONUNDRUM OF JUSTI

PUNISHMENT UNDER JUVENILE JUSTICE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES BY - ANURAG SIGOTIYA

Authors : ANURAG SIGOTIYA

Registration ID : 106557 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6557

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : Sigotiyaaa@gmail.com

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Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2023-23413377/PUNISHMENT UNDER JUVENILE JUSTICE: A COMPARATIVE S

A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE OF WOMEN’S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND DRAWBACKS IN COPYRIGHT LAWS BY - ANEESA NAHAN

Authors : ANEESA NAHAN

Registration ID : 106556 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6556

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : aneesanahan1@gmail.com

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WRONGFUL CONVICTION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS BY - VINAY TYAGI

Authors : VINAY TYAGI

Registration ID : 106555 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6555

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : vinaytyagi0407@gmail.com

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Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2023-16575327/WRONGFUL CONVICTION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZED INJUSTICE: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF FORCEFUL MIGRATION BY: SAKSHAM SHARMA & VINAY TYAGI

Authors : SAKSHAM SHARMA & VINAY TYAGI

Registration ID : 106553 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6553 & IJLRA6554

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

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ANALYSING ECJ’S 2021 PRELIMINARY RULING ON WEARING OF ISLAMIC HEADSCARF IN THE WORKPLACE BY - VAANYA SANGWAN

Authors : VAANYA SANGWAN

Registration ID : 106552 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6552

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : vanya.21bll@bmu.edu.in

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CONCEPT OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING BY - KUBER VALECHA

Authors : KUBER VALECHA

Registration ID : 106551 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6551

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : L20BALB102@bennett.edu.in

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CHANGING NATURE OF THE PROPERTY FOR ITS USAGE IN CONTEMPORARY HINDU SOCIETY: A SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY BY - VIKAS KUMAR

Authors : VIKAS KUMAR

Registration ID : 106550 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6550

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : krvikas0505@gmail.com

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UNRAVELING THE LEGAL SEASCAPE: A RIGOROUS EXAMINATION OF PIRACY LAWS BY - NANDINI KABRA

Authors : NANDINI KABRA

Registration ID : 106549 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6549

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : nandinikabra2000@gmail.com

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Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2023-88973652/UNRAVELING THE LEGAL SEASCAPE: A RIGOROUS EXAMINAT

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

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[2] Contributor, G. (2023) Financialexpress, Regulating the unregulated: India’s crypto journey amid global developments - Blockchain News | The Financial Express. Available at: https://www.financialexpress.com/business/blockchain-regulating-the-unregulatedindias-crypto-journey-amid-global-developments-3172634/ (Accessed: 06 December 2023).

[3] Briefing, I. (2023) India announces amended rules for prevention of money laundering, India Briefing News. Available at: https://www.india-briefing.com/news/india-prevention-of-money-laundering-rules-2023-key-provisions-new-reporting-obligations-27347.html/ (Accessed: 25 December 2023).

[5] Desk, S. (2023) Blockchain and cryptocurrency laws in India, Vakilsearch. Available at: https://vakilsearch.com/blog/blockchain-cryptocurrency-laws-regulations-2023-india/ (Accessed: 07 December 2023).

[6] Cryptocurrency in India: What is the Govt’s stand, legal status, its future (2021) Business Today. Available at: https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/cryptocurrency-in-india-what-the-govt-stand-legal-status-its-future-296570-2021-05-20 (Accessed: 08 December 2023).

[7] Azadi Ka Digital Mahotsav (no date) Press Information Bureau. Available at: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1777711 (Accessed: 09 December 2023).

[8] Anand, N., Agrawala, P. and Das, D. (2023) Blockchain & Cryptocurrency laws and regulations: India: GLI, GLI - Global Legal Insights - International legal business solutions. Available at: https://www.globallegalinsights.com/practice-areas/blockchain-laws-and-regulations/india (Accessed: 06 December 2023).

[9] Desire, L. (2023) Cryptocurrency in India: A legal perspective and current status, Legal Desire Media and Insights. Available at: https://legaldesire.com/cryptocurrency-in-india-a-legal-perspective-and-current-status/ (Accessed: 09 December 2023).

[12] Inter-ministerial Committee on Virtual Currencies submits its report along with draft Bill ‘banning of cryptocurrency & regulation of official digital currency bill, 2019’ (2019) Press Information Bureau. Available at: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1579759 (Accessed: 26 December 2023).

[13] Internet And Mobile Association V/S Reserve Bank of India (2020 SCC Online SC 275)

[16] Yadav, A.K. (2021) Cryptocurrency in India: To ban or not to ban, SSRN. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3803471 (Accessed: 26 December 2023).

[17] Singh, A. (2023) Making sense of India’s new crypto rules, CoinDesk Latest Headlines RSS. Available at: https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/02/21/making-sense-of-indias-new-crypto-rules/ (Accessed: 11 December 2023).

[19] Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-IN) releases faqs to address queries on cyber security directions of 28.04.2022 (no date) Press Information Bureau. Available at: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1826388 (Accessed: 12 December 2023).

[20] Joseph, S. and Desai, Y.K. (2022) India’s new regime for Taxing Virtual Digital assets, Bloomberg Tax. Available at: https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report-international/indias-new-regime-for-taxing-virtual-digital-assets (Accessed: 13 December 2023).

[21] Ribes, P. (2023) Transforming governance for the digital era: Exploring government approaches to blockchain and Web3, Lucidity Insights. Available at: https://lucidityinsights.com/articles/government-adoption-of-blockchain-and-web3 (Accessed: 22 December 2023).

[22] Blockchain technology has the potential to transform government, but first, we need to build trust (no date) World Bank Blogs. Available at: https://blogs.worldbank.org/governance/blockchain-technology-has-potential-transform-government-first-we-need-build-trust (Accessed: 16 December 2023).

[23] Editor_4 et al. (2021) Cryptocurrency in India: An unregulated haven for money laundering? SCC Blog. Available at: https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2021/09/28/cryptocurrency-in-india/ (Accessed: 26 December 2023).

[25] Cryptocurrency regulations around the world (2023) ComplyAdvantage. Available at: https://complyadvantage.com/insights/cryptocurrency-regulations-around-world/ (Accessed: 26 December 2023).

[26] Budhi, V. (2023) Council post: Advantages and disadvantages of Blockchain technology, Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2022/10/20/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-blockchain-technology/ (Accessed: 24 December 2023).

[27] Budhi, V. (2023) Council post: Advantages and disadvantages of Blockchain technology, Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2022/10/20/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-blockchain-technology/ (Accessed: 26 December 2023).

[28] Frankenfield, J. Cryptocurrency explained with pros and cons for investment, Investopedia. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cryptocurrency.asp (Accessed: 26 December 2023).

[29] Moneycontrol.com The journey of Cryptocurrencies in India, Business News Today: Stock and Share Market News, Economy and Finance News, Sensex, Nifty, Global Market, NSE, BSE Live IPO News. Available at: https://www.moneycontrol.com/msite/wazirx-cryptocontrol-articles/the-journey-of-cryptocurrencies-in-india/ (Accessed: 26 December 2023).

[30] Cryptocurrencies - India: Statista market forecast (no date) Statista. Available at: https://www.statista.com/outlook/fmo/digital-assets/cryptocurrencies/india (Accessed: 26 December 2023).

[31] Hitachi, Ltd. (2023) Blockchain technology: Empowering India’s growth in unprecedented ways, Social Innovation. Available at: https://social-innovation.hitachi/en-in/knowledge-hub/leadership/blockchain-technology/ (Accessed: 24 December 2023).

[32] Draft for discussion - Ministry of Electronics and Information ... Available at: https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Draft%20Data%20Centre%20Policy%20-%2003112020_v5.5.pdf (Accessed: 24 December 2023).

[33] National Security Council secretariat organizes the 2nd edition of the National Cyber Security Exercise ‘Bharat NCX 2023’ for government organizations, public and private sector to strengthen India’s cyber posture of India’s critical sector (no date) Press Information Bureau. Available at: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1966198 (Accessed: 24 December 2023).

[34] Cyril Shroff, A.G. (2023) The DPDP bill overview: A new dawn for data protection in India, India Corporate Law. Available at: https://corporate.cyrilamarchandblogs.com/2023/08/the-dpdp-bill-overviewa-new-dawn-for-data-protection-in-india/ (Accessed: 25 December 2023).

[35] Bureau, B.N.D. (2023) Draft Digital India Act will regulate emerging technologies to protect citizens: Rajeev Chandrasekhar, BusinessLine. Available at: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/draft-digital-india-act-will-regulate-emerging-technologies-to-protect-citizens-rajeev-chandrasekhar/article66960829.ece (Accessed: 25 December 2023).

[1] Shreemh Agarwal, Justice Delayed is Justice Denied, Law Gurukul (June 7, 2021)

[2] Manisha Kumari, Justice Delayed is Justice Denied: Status of Indian Judicial System, Nyaayshatra Law Review, Volume II, PP. 02 (2021)

[4] Vinod Kumar Menon, Justice delayed, justice denied: Pending legal cases in India cross over 4.41 crore, Mid-Day (July 15, 2023)

[5] Justice Delayed Justice Denied, Essay for the Judicial Services Exam https://www.jurisacademy.com/justice-delayed-justice-denied

[6] Krishnadas Rajagopal, Supreme Court closes wrestlers’ case even as Delhi Police promises ‘impartial’ probe, The Hindu (May 04, 2023)

[9] Semwal, M. M., and Sunil Khosla, Judicial Activism, The Indian Journal of Political Science, Volume. 69, No. 1, PP. 113–26, JSTOR (2008)

[10] Samriddhi Amrita Mishra, Justice Delayed is Justice Denied, Legal Services India E-Journal https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-3313-justice-delayed-is-justice-denied.html

[11] Gautam Bhattacharya, The Power of the PIL, The Telegraph Online (January 10, 2023) https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/the-power-of-the-pil-justice-delayed-is-justice-denied-remains-relevant-today/cid/1908915

[12] Roe, Gilbert E., et al, Social Justice and the Courts, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1912, PP. 19–29, JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/783947

[13] Justice delayed is Justice Denied: All is not well in the Supreme Court, Bar, and Bench (January 06, 2022) https://www.barandbench.com/columns/all-is-not-well-supreme-court-justice-delayed-is-justice-denied

[14] Shreya Bhadauria, Justice Delayed is Justice Denied, International Journal of Law Management and Humanities, Volume 4, Issue 4, PP.254 (2021)

[1] For feminist jurisprudence based on diversity rather than universality: see Bartlett, Feminist Legal Methods, 103 Harv. L. Rev. 831 (1990); Scales, The Emergencies of Feminist Jurisprudence: An Essay, 95 Yale L.J. 1373 (1986); Rhode, Feminist Theories, 142 Stan. L. Rev. 617

[2] See Rhode, Gender and Jurisprudence, an Agenda for Research 56 UCINN. L. Rev. 521, 522 (1987).

[3] See Indian Copyright Act, 1957, § 22, according to which term of copyright extends to 50 years after author's death.

[6] Joost Smiers, Creative Improper Property: Copyright and the Non-Western World, New Directions in Copyright Law, Vol. 1, 1, 6 (Fiona MacMillan ed., 2005).

[7] White Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co., 209 U.S. 1 (1908).

[9] Malla Pollack, Towards a Feminist Theory of the Public Domain, or The Gendered Scope of United States' Copyrightable and Patentable Subject Matter, 12 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 603 (2006).

[10] Traditional knowledge refers to the knowledge and innovations of the indigenous and local communities, which are often collectively owned and transmitted orally from generation to generation in the form of stories, songs, folklore, local languages, etc.

[11] See Bryan Bachner, Facing the Music: Traditional Knowledge and Copyright, 12 No. 3 Hum. Rts. Brief 9 (2007); Ruchira Goswami & Karubakee Nandi, Naming the Intellectual Property Rights of Women Artists from India, 16 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 257 (2007).

[12] Malla Pollack, Towards a Feminist Theory of the Public Domain, or The Gendered Scope of United States' Copyrightable and Patentable Subject Matter, 12 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 603 (2006).

[13] K.J. Greene, Intellectual Property at the Intersection of Race and Gender: Lady Sings the Blues, 16 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 365 (2008).

[14] See Storylines: Conversations with Women Writers, (Ammu Joseph et al. eds., 2003); Debora Halbert, Feminist Interpretations of Intellectual Property Feminist interpretation, 14 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 431 (2006); Ann Bartow, Fair Use and the Fairer Sex: Gender, Feminism, and Copyright Law, 14 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 551 (2006).

[15] See Debora Halbert, Feminist Interpretations of Intellectual Property Feminist interpretation, 14 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 431 (2006).

[16] Debora Halbert, Feminist Interpretations of Intellectual Property Feminist interpretation, 14 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 431 (2006).

[17] See Ruchira Goswami & Karubakee Nandi, Naming the Intellectual Property Rights of Women Artists from India, 16 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 257 (2007).

[18] 18 John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, in Lloyd's Introduction to Jurisprudence 566 (2001); race-specific patents may be mechanism to bring substantive equality, see generally Shubha Ghosh, Race-Specific Patents, Commercialization, and Intellectual Property Policy, 56 Buff. L. Rev. 409 (2008).

[19] John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, in Lloyd's Introduction to Jurisprudence 566 (2001).

[20] Martha Nussbaum, Human Rights and Human Capabilities, 20 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 21 (2007).

[21] Ann Bartow, Fair Use and the Fairer Sex: Gender, Feminism, and Copyright Law, 14 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 551 (2006).

[22] K.J. Greene, Intellectual Property at the Intersection of Race and Gender: Lady Sings the Blues, 16 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 365 (2008).

[23] See Ruchira Goswami & Karubakee Nandi, Naming the Intellectual Property Rights of Women Artists from India, 16 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 257 (2007).

[24] Joan Williams, Deconstructing Gender, 87 Mich. Law Review 797 (1989).

[25] Joan Williams, Deconstructing Gender, 87 Mich. Law Review 797 (1989).

[26] Debora Halbert, Feminist Interpretations of Intellectual Property Feminist interpretation, 14 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 431 (2006).

[27] Beatrice Kachuck, Feminst Social Theories: Theme and Variations in Sociology of Gender 68 (2003).

[28] Marion Crain, Feminism, Labor, and Power, 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1819 (1992)

[29] Malla Pollack, Towards a Feminist Theory of the Public Domain, or The Gendered Scope of United States' Copyrightable and Patentable Subject Matter, 12 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 603 (2006).

[30] Marion Crain, Feminism, Labor, and Power, 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1819 (1992); She argues that the feminist way of management is transformation (as opposed to the patriarchal transactional way) and their management structure is a web expanding in circular fashion in contrast to the patriarchal hierarchical pyramid. This facilitates inclusion as well as power and information sharing.

[31] Marion Crain, Feminism, Labor, and Power, 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1819 (1992).

[32] See, e.g., SUSAN CASEY, WOMEN INVENT: TWO CENTURIES OF DISCOVERIES THAT HAVE SHAPED OUR WORLD (1997) (tracing the process of invention through the stories of several female inventors); ANNE L. MACDONALD, FEMININE INGENUITY: WOMEN AND INVENTION IN AMERICA (1992) (examining American women inventors' work from colonial times to the present, with an emphasis on patents held by women); see also AUTUMN STANLEY, MOTHERS AND DAUGHTERS OF INVENTION: NOTES FOR A REVISED HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY xxi (1993) (broadening the discussion on what constitutes invention and inventors by focusing on "women's contributions to human technology" and "revising the received definition of technology").

[33] See, e.g., MACDONALD, supra note 21, at 3 ("Even after English King George I acknowledged the critical role that colonist Sybilla Masters played in the development of Pennsylvania's economy by citing her as the inventor of the new way 'for cleaning and curing the Indian corn growing in several colonies in America,' he nonetheless issued the patent itself to her husband, Thomas Masters.").

[34] 23. See FARAG MOUSSA, WOMEN INVENTORS HONOURED BY THE WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION 15-16 (1991) ("The classical image of an inventor is always, exclusively, male.... This book has one message, and it is an important one: creativity knows no frontier, no age and above all ... no gender.") (second ellipsis in original).

[35] Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Dec. 18, 1979, 1249 U.N.T.S. 13 (entered into force Sept. 3, 1981) [hereinafter CEDAW].

[38] Surendra J. Patel, Can the Intellectual Property Rights System Serve the Interests of Indigenous Knowledge? in VALUING LOCAL KNOWLEDGE: INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, supra note 45, at 305, 306.

[39] See, e.g., Tumusiime, supra note 65. Possible roadblocks to making direct remuneration for the products of women's traditional knowledge plausible and just include: 1) concretely identifying the makers or authors of the knowledge; 2) distributing the earnings fairly; and 3) making sure that eamings are not simply appropriated by men (a very real danger in highly patriarchal traditional societies).

[40] MARGARET J. RADIN, CONTESTED COMMODITIES 2 (1996). See also Phillips, supra note 60, at 370-77 (applying commodification theories, including Radin's, to the case study of the quilters of Gee's Bend). For a discussion of "heritage as property" and the problems associated with it, see Michael F. Brown, Heritage as Property, in PROPERTY IN QUESTION: VALUE TRANSFORMATION IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY, supra note 43, at 49.

[41] See, e.g., SHARON BERTSCH MCGRAYNE, NOBEL PRIZE WOMEN IN SCIENCE: THEIR LIVES, STRUGGLES, AND MOMENTOUS DISCOVERIES (1993) (chronicling the lives and work of women who have won the Nobel Prize in the sciences). For a discussion of gender in the natural sciences, see generally Sandra Harding, From the Woman Question in Science to the Science Question in Feminism, in FEMINIST THEORY: A READER 404 (Wendy K. Kolmar & Frances Bartkowski eds., 2d ed. 2005).

[42] See, e.g., Waverly W. Ding, Fiona Murray & Toby E. Stuart, Gender Differences in Patenting in the Academic Life Sciences, 313 ScI. 665, 665 (2006) ("[W]omen faculty members patent at about 40% of the rate of men. We found that the gender gap has improved over time but remains large."). There is a great deal of space for additional research on the gender gap among patent holders, both in the United States and internationally; general conclusions may be drawn from studies like this one, but broader analysis is needed.

[43] See generally GENEVIEVE LLOYD, THE MAN OF REASON: "MALE" AND "FEMALE" IN WESTERN PHILOSOPHY (1993) (tracing the "rational man," theories of reason, and the subjugation of "irrationality" and the feminine through the works of predominantly male Western philosophers).

[45] https: //www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html, (last accessed on November 28, 2023).

[46] R. Neethu and Zehra Shakeri, My Religion: My ‘Copy’ ‘Right, Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, vol. 18, November 2013, pp 566-575.

[47] Ira V. Heffan, Copyleft: licensing Collaborative Works in the Digital Age, Stanford Law Review, Vol 49.

[48] Severine Dusollier, Open Source and Copyleft: Authorship Reconsidered? 26 Colum. J.L. & Arts 28 (1997) 1.

[49] Malla Pollack, Towards a Feminist Theory of the Public Domain, or The Gendered Scope of United States' Copyrightable and Patentable Subject Matter, 12 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 603 (2006).

[50] Malla Pollack, Towards a Feminist Theory of the Public Domain, or The Gendered Scope of United States' Copyrightable and Patentable Subject Matter, 12 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 603 (2006).

[51] See Severine Dusollier, Open Source and Copyleft: Authorship Reconsidered? 26 Colum. J.L. & Arts 28 (1997) 1.

[52] Debora Halbert, Feminist Interpretations of Intellectual Property Feminist interpretation, 14 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 431 (2006

[53] Malla Pollack, Towards a Feminist Theory of the Public Domain, or The Gendered Scope of United States' Copyrightable and Patentable Subject Matter, 12 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 603 (2006).

[54] Copyleft is a general method for making an item of work free, and requiring all modified and extended versions of the program to be free as well

[55] Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the Harmonisation of Certain Aspects of Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society (EU Copyright Directive), 2001 O.J. (L 167) 10.

[56] William Patry, Limitations and Exceptions in the Digital Era, 7 Indian Journal of Law and Technology 1, 5-7 (2011) (arguing that copyright law ideally evolved to promote creativity, and this not only requires acceptance of the fair use doctrine, but alignment of copyright laws to the current digital environment.)

[57] Joost Smiers, Creative Improper Property : Copyright and the Non-Western Worldin New Directions in Copyright Law, Vol. 1, 1, 1-5 (Fiona MacMillan ed., 2005) (argues that monopolistic exclusivity of cultural industries which is eternal in nature, can be reduced by providing restricted ownership rights. This would lead to normalization of the industry, thereby allowing smaller players and artists to enter the market and compete fairly.)

[58] Joan Williams, Deconstructing Gender, 87 Mich. Law Review 797 (1989).

[59] Deborah Rhode, Feminist Critical Theories, 42 Stanford L. Rev. 617 (1990).

[60] Debora Halbert, Feminist Interpretations of Intellectual Property Feminist interpretation, 14 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 431 (2006).

[61] See Marion Crain, Feminism, Labor, and Power, 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1819 (1992); which argues how labour unions based on feminine virtues like solidarity are better empowered than labour unions based no patriarchal values of self-interest and lacking a sense of connection and empathy.

[1] https://uniquewritersbay.com/wrongful-convictions-and-how-they-affect-the-criminal-justice-system

[2] https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/addressing-impact-wrongful-convictions-crime-victims

[3] https://www.michiganstatelawreview.org/vol-2021-2022/2022/4/25/the-psychological-consequences-of-a-wrongful-conviction-and-how-compensation-statutes-can-mitigate-the-harms

[4] https://www.the420lawyer.com/marijuana-defense/unreasonable-detention-time/

[5] https://janet-panic.com/what-is-the-brady-list-law-enforcement/

[6] https://hrissues.webnode.page/news/wrongful-convictions/

[8] https://blog.ipleaders.in/rududl-sah-v-state-bihar-1983-case-study/

[9] https://lawyer.ikan.info/legal-rights-and-responsibilities/

[10] https://legalserviceindia.com/legal/legal/article-6774-case-analysis-satbir-singh-v-state-of-haryana.html

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[1] https://www.migrationdataportal.org/themes/forced-migration-or-displacement

[2] https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/didreport.pdf

[3] https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2022

[5] https://www.migrationdataportal.org/themes/forced-migration-or-displacement

[6] http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/65592/1/50.pdf.pdf#page=213

[7] https://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/blog/exploring-ukraines-displacement-crisis-insights-and-implications

[9] https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/forced-displacement-ukraine-notes-humanitarian-protection-and-durable-solutions

[12] https://www.unhcr.org/in/news/stories/forced-displacement-worldwide-its-highest-decades

[13] https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends#:~:text=2014%3A%201.7%20million%20Syrians%20fled%20their%20country.&text=2018%3A%203.2%20million%20people%20fled%20Venezuela%20and%20the%20Syrian%20Arab%20Republic.&text=2022%3A%205.7%20million%20people%20fled,Venezuelans%2C%20also%20fled%20their%20countries.

[14] https://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2023

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4 Vijendra Kumar and Vidhi Singh, “Extinguishing Hindu Joint Family and Mitakshara Coparcenary: A Critique”, 1 CLPR (2018).

5 Rangnath Mishra and Vijender Kumar (rev.), John D. Mayne, TREATISE ON HINDU LAW AND USAGE, 17^th ed. 2014, p. 841.

8 Paras Diwan and Peeyushi Diwan, FAMILY LAW, 4th ed. 1998, p. 259.

9 Raghunadha v. Brozo Kishoro (1876) 3 IA 154; MAYNE, supra note 1, at 820.

10 Bhagwant P. Sulakhe v Digambak Gopal Sulakh And Obs, AIR 1986 SC 79.

11 Shyem Behari v Rameswar Prasad (1941) 20 Pat 904.

12 Commissioner Of Income-Tax v. P.M. Muthuraman Chettiar And Anr. AIR 1967 SC 415.

14 Satyajeet Desai (rev.), D.F. Mulla, PRINCIPLES OF HINDU LAW, Vol. I 18th ed. 2001, pp. 123-126.

15 R K Agarwal. HINDU LAW, 21^st ed. 2003, Central Law Agency, Allahabad.

16 K. Abebul Reddy v. Venkata Narayan, (1984) 3 SCC 447.

24 Vijender Kumar, “Basis and Nature of Pious Obligation of Son to Pay Father's Debt vis-à-vis Statutory Modifications in Hindu Law”, 36 JILI (1994), p. 339.

26 P.V. Kane, HISTORY OF DHARMASASTRA, Vol.III, 2^nd ed. 1972, pp. 560-561.

27 Manomi Babuasin v. Modun Mohun (1885) 13 IA 1, 17-18.

28 Sidheshwar Mukherjee v. Bhubneshwar Prasad Narain Singh, AIR 1952 SC 487, 90.

[2] Volume 2, Brown, E. D., The International Law of the Sea, (Oxford University Press 1994)

[3] 3rd Edition, Churchill, R., & Lowe, A. V., The Law of the Sea, (Huntington, NY: Juris Publishing, Inc, 1999).

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[6] 10th Edition, Starke, J. G., An Introduction to International Law, (New Delhi: Aditya Books, 1994).

[7] John Peppetti, Building the Global Maritime Security Network: A Multinational Legal Structure to Combat Transnational Threats, 55 Naval L. Rev. 73, 87 (2008).

[8] Michael Bahar, Attaining Optimal Deterrence at Sea: A legal and Strategic Theory for Naval Anti-Piracy Operations, 40 Vand. 1. Transnat'l L. I, 12 (2007).

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[17] XXVII, Dowdle, P., A Dire Need for Legislative Reform, p.629, (Pace International Law Review, 2015).

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[21]46, Kelly, M.J., The Pre-History of Piracy as a Crime & Its Definitional Odyssey, p. 378, (Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 2013).

[22] Dutton, “Maritime piracy and the impunity gap,” p.1143–44

[23] Mahinga, Jean-Grégoire, “L’affaire du Ponant,” 7 Revue de droit des transports 10 (2008); Philippe Chapleau & JeanPaul Pancracio, La piraterie maritime: Droit, pratiques et enjeux, p. 106–107 (Paris: Vuibert, 2014)

[24] United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. National Legislation on Piracy.

[25] Anna Petrig & Robin Geiß, Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: The Legal Framework for Counter Piracy Operations in Somalia and the Gulf of Aden, p. 140– 44, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).

[26] United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
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