INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

ETHICAL AND MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS BY - KALYANI RAVINDRA YADAV

Authors : KALYANI RAVINDRA YADAV

Registration ID : 106512 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6512

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : kalyaniyadav3748@gmail.com

Page No :21 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link

ROLLING THE DICE ON LEGAL BOUNDARIES: A CASE COMMENATRY ON GHERULAL PAREKH V MAHADEODAS MAIYA BY - SUMEDHA PRADHAN & SANCHITA SINGH

Authors : SUMEDHA PRADHAN & SANCHITA SINGH

Registration ID : 106510 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6510 & IJLRA6511

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : psumedha825@gmail.com & sanchisingh785@gmail.com

Page No :15 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link

INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAWS GOVERNING INDIA BY - RESHMA RT

Authors : RESHMA RT

Registration ID : 106509 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6509

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : reshmabluffy@gmail.com

Page No :14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link

AGENCY COST THEORY BY - BHAVYA PATHANIA & SPARSH SAXENA

Authors : BHAVYA PATHANIA & SPARSH SAXENA

Registration ID : 106507 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6507 & IJLRA6508

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : 21jgls-ssaxena@jgu.edu.in & 21jgls-bpathania@jgu.edu.in

Page No :19 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link

HUMAN RIGHTS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE BY - AKSHAT DEV & HIMANSHU SINGH

Authors : JAKSHAT DEV & HIMANSHU SINGH

Registration ID : 106505 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6505 & IJLRA6506

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : akshatdev1090@gmail.com & himanshu.singh23@nludelhi.ac.in

Page No :23 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link

PUNISHMENT AND ITS KINDS BY - JANHAVI SHISODE

Authors : JANHAVI SHISODE

Registration ID : 106504 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6504

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : janhavi2712@gmail.com

Page No :27 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link

UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES CONSUMER LAW BY - JANHAVI SHISODE

Authors : JANHAVI SHISODE

Registration ID : 106503 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6503

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : janhavi2712@gmail.com

Page No :26 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link

CLINICAL TRIALS WITH RESPECT TO ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY BY - JANHAVI SHISODE

Authors : JANHAVI SHISODE

Registration ID : 106502 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6502

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : janhavi2712@gmail.com

Page No :21 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link

POCSO ACT 2012: AGE OF CONSENT AND THE CRIMINALISATION OF ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS. BY - BASANAGOUDA M PATIL

Authors : BASANAGOUDA M PATIL

Registration ID : 106501 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6501

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : basanagouda.patil@nls.ac.in

Page No :22 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link

A CRITICAL STUDY OF CUSTOMS AND USAGES IN HINDU LAW: ITS COLONIAL TREATMENT AND CONSEQUENCES BY - ALIND GUPTA

Authors : ALIND GUPTA

Registration ID : 106500 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6500

Year : Dec-2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : alindgpt@yahoo.co.in

Page No :22 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

Submit Manuscript:Click here

Licensing:

All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

[1] Bioethics: An Introduction" by Marianne Talbot

[2] "The Ethics of Invention: Technology and the Human Future" by Sheila Jasanoff

[3] "Genetics: Ethics, Law, and Policy" by Lori B. Andrews

[4] "Genetics: Ethics, Law, and Policy" by Lori B. Andrews

[5] "Genetics: Ethics, Law, and Policy" by Lori B. Andrews

[6] "The Ethics of Invention: Technology and the Human Future" by Sheila Jasanoff

[7] Bioethics: An Introduction" by Marianne Talbot

[8] "The Ethics of Invention: Technology and the Human Future" by Sheila Jasanoff

[9] "Bioethics: Principles, Issues, and Cases" by Lewis Vaughn

[10] "The Ethics of Invention: Technology and the Human Future" by Sheila Jasanoff

[11] Bioethics: An Introduction" by Marianne Talbot

[12] "The Ethics of Invention: Technology and the Human Future" by Sheila Jasanoff

[13] "Genetics: Ethics, Law, and Policy" by Lori B. Andrews

[14] Bioethics: An Introduction" by Marianne Talbot

[15] "Genetics: Ethics, Law, and Policy" by Lori B. Andrews

[16] "The Ethics of Invention: Technology and the Human Future" by Sheila Jasanoff

[17] "The Ethics of Invention: Technology and the Human Future" by Sheila Jasanoff

[18] "Bioethics: Principles, Issues, and Cases" by Lewis Vaughn

[19] "Bioethics: Principles, Issues, and Cases" by Lewis Vaughn

[20] "The Ethics of Invention: Technology and the Human Future" by Sheila Jasanoff

[22] Bioethics: An Introduction" by Marianne Talbot

[23] Bioethics: An Introduction" by Marianne Talbot

[1] The authors are first-year students at National Law University, Odisha

[4] “Gherulal Parekh v Mahadeodas Maiya AIR 1959 SC 781” (One stop destination for DULLB students), available at https://dullbonline.wordpress.com/2020/11/02/gherulal-parakh-v-mahadeodas-maiya-air-1959-sc-781-2/ (last visited on 12 September 2023)

^{^[3]} Ktaer Abbas Habib Al Qutaifi vs. Union of India 1999 CriLJ 1919

^{^[4]} Malavika Karelkar vs. Union of India Writ Petition (Criminal No) 583 of 1992.

^{^[5]} P. Nedumaran vs. UOI, 1993(2) ALT 291, 1993 (2) ALT Cri 188.

^{^[6]} Mohammad Salimullah and others vs. Union of India and Ors. Writ Petition (Civil) No. 793/2017.

[1] Avtar Singh, Law of Contract and Specific Relief 733.

[2] Syed Abdul Khader v. Rami Reddy, 2 SCC 601 (1979).

[4] Avtar Singh, Law of Contract and Specific Relief 739.

[5] Performing Right Society Ltd v. Mitchell & Booker (Palais de Donse) Ltd, 1 KB 762 (1924).

[7] Chairman, L.I.C. Of India And Ors v. Rajeev Kumar Bhaskar, ACJ 86 (2003).

[8] Harshad J. Shah and Anr v. L.I.C. of India and Ors, 5 SCC 64 (1997).

[9] Narandas Morardas Gaziwala & Ors v. S. P. Am. Papammal& Anr, SCR 38 (1966).

[12] Krishna Chandra Ganpati v. K. Hanumantha Rao, 241 AIR (Ori 1950).

[15] JJayabharathi Corporation v. Sv. P.N. Sn. Rajesekara Nadar, AIR 596 (SC 1992).

[1] She is an American children’s right activist. She influenced Martin Luther King Jr.. She founded Children’s Defence Fund in Washington, D.C. She was also held the directorship of Harvard University’s Centre for Law and Education.

[2] Neil Hibbert, 'Human Rights and Social Justice' (2017) 6 Laws 1.

[3] Marcus Einfeld, 'Human Rights and Social Justice in Australian Society' (2003) 2003 Austl Int'l LJ 10.

[4] Michael Goodhart, Human Rights: Politics and Practice (3rd edn Oxford University Press 2016).

[5] John T. Jost and Aaron C. Kay ‘Social justice: History, theory, and research’ in S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (John Wiley & Sons, Inc), 1122.

[9] John Rawls, A theory of Justice (Belknap Press 1971).

[1] H.L.A. Hart, Punishment and Responsibility (1968). Available at: https://bit.ly/3Xhn8et (Last visited: December 12, 2023).

[2] John Kleinig, Punishment and Desert (1973). Available at: https://nyupress.org/9780814781282/punishment-and-desert/ (Last visited: December 12, 2023).

[3] Johannes Andenaes, "General Prevention Revisited: Research and Policy Implications," 66 Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 338 (1975).

[4] State of Madhya Pradesh v. Ratan Singh, (1976) 3 SCC 470.

[5] The Indian Penal Code 1860, Preamble & Ch. III (Of Punishments).

[6] Shailesh Manubhai Parmar v. State of Gujarat, (2011) 2 SCC 795.

[7] Vishnu Dutt Sharma v. State of HP, (2009) 13 SCC 705; Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, (1978) 1 SCC 248.

[8] Shatrughan Chauhan v. Union of India, (2014) 3 SCC 1.

[9] Gerber, Rudolph Joseph. "Historic Development of Punishment." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1931-1951) 28, no. 4 (1937): 472-82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1137481 (last visited December 12, 2023).

[10] Blom-Cooper, Louis. "Progressive Punishment: An Examination of the Decline of Penal Brutality." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 7, no. 3 (1987): 341–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/7.3.341.

[11] Hardy, P. "Modern European and Muslim Explanations of Punishment in Islam." The Muslim World 59, no. 3?4 (1969): 274-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1969.tb02632.x.

[13] Krishnan, Jayanth K. "Social Policy Advocacy and Litigation in India: Developing a Complementary Paradigm." Journal of Law and Social Policy 13, no. 6 (2007): 1-32.

[14] Singh, Pradyumna. "Human Rights in India: Problems and Perspectives." Indian Journal of Criminology 26, no. 1-2 (1998): 33-45.

[15] Vinita Andotra & Syed Shahanwajuddin, "To Be or Not to Be: Examining Corporal Punishment in Schools in India", The International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives 18, no.3 (2020): 55, https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/IEJ/article/view/14177 (last visited Dec 12, 2023).

[16] The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, No. 35 of 2009, India Code (2009), sec. 17, https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/1362?locale=en.

[17] Human Rights Watch, India: Failures in Implementing Right to Education Act (2014), https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/04/01/india-failures-implementing-right-education-act (last visited Dec 12, 2023).

[18] Nalini Ravindran, "Why India Needs to Outright Ban Corporal Punishment at Home", The Wire, Nov 20, 2018, https://thewire.in/society/why-india-needs-to-outright-ban-corporal-punishment-at-home (last visited Dec 12, 2023).

[19] National Policy on Education 1986, modified 1992, sec. 5.6, https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/npe.pdf.

[20] The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, sec. 17.

[21] The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, secs. 3, 17.

[22] The Whipping Act of 1909, No. 4 of 1909, India Code (1909), http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1909-04.pdf.

[23] Prem Shankar Shukla v. Delhi Administration, AIR 1980 SC 1535.

[24] The Protection of Children from Corporal Punishment Bill, 2017, http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media//draft/Protection%20of%20Children%20from%20Corporal%20Punishment%20Bill,%202017.pdf.

[25] Gaurav Dhamija, “Law Relating to Corporal Punishment” (2013) 8(10) The Lex-Warrier: Online Law Journal 31.

[27] Vishaka v State of Rajasthan, AIR 1997 SC 3011.

[28] Indian Young Lawyers Association v State of Kerala, (2018) 14 SCC 703.

[29] Rachel Baskerville, “Corporal Punishment of Children: A Nonviolent Approach to Ending Physical Punishment of Children Globally” (2016) 13(1) Journal of Legal Anthroplogy 21.

[30] Prem Shankar Shukla v Delhi Admin, (1980) 3 SCC 526.

[31] Alfred Benddict v State of Maharashtra, (1985) CrLJ 526.

[32] Sunil Batra v Delhi Admin, (1978) 4 SCC 494.

[33] Pt Parmanand Katara v Union of India, (1995) 3 SCC 248.

[34] Citizens for Democracy v State of Assam, (1995) 3 SCC 743.

[35] Kishore Singh Ravinder Dev v State of Rajasthan, AIR 1981 SC 625.

[36] TK Gopal v State of Karnataka, (2000) 6 SCC 168.

[37] DK Basu v State of West Bengal, (2015) 8 SCC 744.

[38] Mohammed Naseem v State of Rajasthan, 2015 CriLJ 2061 (Raj).

[39] Robert Ellis, “On Banishment,” Res Publica 28, no. 4 (2022): 347–66, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-021-09532-5, accessed December 12, 2023.

[40] Amy Maguire and Liz Wall, “The Banishment of Australian Citizens as Punishment: Unconstitutional or a Matter of International Law?,” Melbourne University Law Review 44, no. 2 (2020): 463–514.

[41] Philip G. Dwyer, “Napoleon Bonaparte as Hero and Saviour: Image, Rhetoric and Behaviour in the Construction of a Legend,” French History 18, no. 4 (December 2004): 379–403, https://doi.org/10.1093/fh/18.4.379.

[42] The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Act No. 2 of 1974, s. 144.

[43] The Bombay Police Act, 1951, Act No. XXII of 1951, ss. 56-57.

[44] Majlis Manch and Sujata Gothoskar, “A Critical Evaluation Of Laws And Policies Against Honour Killings And Crimes In India And The Way Forward,” Socio Legal Review 15, no. 1 (2019): 137–65.

[45] Pradeep Ram v. State of Jharkhand, 2011 Cri LJ 3222.

[46] Laxman Naik v. State of Orissa, 1994 Cri LJ 1268.

[47] Sardar Ali v. State of Maharashtra, (1999) 8 SCC 426.

[48] Budhan Choudhary v. State of Bihar, AIR 1955 Patna 111.

[49] Bombay High Court Scraps Law Allowing Banishment of Accused, The Wire, March 12, 2019, https://thewire.in/law/bombay-high-court-scraps-law-allowing-banishment-of-accused, accessed December 12, 2023.

[50] Jain M.P., Outlines of Indian Legal and Constitutional History (6th edition), LexisNexis, Gurgaon, 2009 p. 237.

[51] Harris, Jonathan Gil, “The Truth About ‘Trial by Ordeal’”, The Wilson Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1993, p. 83. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40258972, last visited Dec 12, 2023].

[52] Sengupta Padmini, “Oaths, Ordeals and Witchcraft: Tribal Custom as Crime in early 20th century Chotanagpur” in Anand A. Yang (ed) Crime and Criminality in British India, Arizona Press, 1985, p. 264.

[53] Medhi, Konika “Superstitious Justice: A Study of Witch Trials in Assam”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol XLVIII, No. 20, 2013, p. 56. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23527448, last visited Dec 12, 2023].

[54] Hasan S. Nurul, “Ordeal as an Instrument of Proof and Justice in Early Muslim India”, Islamic Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1966, pp. 51-64. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20832725, last visited Dec 12, 2023].

[55] Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354 tr. and selected by H.A.R Gibb, George Routledge and Sons Ltd, London, 1946, p. 212; Bernier F., “Travels in the Mogul Empire A.D. 1656–1668” tr. by A. Constable, 2nd revised edition, Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1916, p. 324.

[56] Stokes E., “Hindu Law Books: Opinions on the Abolition of Ordeal”, Madras Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, 1865-6, p. 26.

[57] Crooke W., Religion and Folklore of Northern India, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1926, p. 9.

[58] Dasgupta Sherna, “Do the Guilty Always Get Away: Measuring Inequities in Traffic Court Sanctions”, Current Sociology, July 2011, Vol. 59(4), p. 476, Sage Journals [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0011392111400853, last visited Dec 12, 2023].

[60] Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide, "Death Penalty Database: Method of Execution", available at https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/method-of-execution.cfm (last visited Dec. 12, 2023).

[62] Isaac Ehrlich, “The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment: A Question of Life and Death”, American Economic Review 65, no. 3 (1975): 397–417.

[63] John J. Donohue & Justin Wolfers, “Uses and Abuses of Empirical Evidence in the Death Penalty Debate”, Stanford Law Review 58, no. 3 (2005): 791–846.

[64] John J. Donohue, “Capital Punishment in Connecticut, 1973-2007: A Comprehensive Evaluation from 4686 Murders to One Execution”, Stanford Law Review 58, no. 5 (2006): 1615–1698.

[65] Jeffrey Reiman, “Justice, Civilization and the Death Penalty: Answering van den Haag”, Philosophy & Public Affairs 14, no. 2 (1985): 115-148.

[66] Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1980) 2 SCC 684.

[67] Shashank Shekhar, "Capital Punishment in Ancient India and Its Rationale", International Journal of Applied Research 2016; 2(3): 740-741, 31 March 2016

[69] Elizabeth Kolsky, "The Colonial Rule of Law and the Legal Regime of Exception: Frontier 'Fanaticism' and State Violence in British India", The American Historical Review, Volume 120, Issue 4, October 2015, Pages 1218–1246

[72] The Indian Penal Code, 1860, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860 (India), ss. 121, 132, 194, 303, 364A, 376A.

[73] Roger Hood and Carolyn Hoyle, “Abolishing the Death Penalty Worldwide: The Impact of a “New Dynamic”,” Crime and Justice 38, no. 1 (2009): pp. 14, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/598633 (last visited Dec 12, 2023).

[74] Law Commission of India, The Death Penalty, Report No. 262 (New Delhi: Law Commission of India, 2015), pp. 207-210, https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/Report262.pdf (last visited Dec 12, 2023).

[75] National Research Council, Deterrence and the Death Penalty (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012), pp. 2, https://doi.org/10.17226/13363 (last visited Dec 12, 2023).

[76] Anup Surendranath, “How Not to Make the Case for the Death Penalty,” Economic and Political Weekly 47, no. 29 (2012), pp. 17-18, https://www.jstor.org/stable/23214052 (last visited Dec 12, 2023).

[77] Shatrughan Chauhan v. Union of India, (2014) 3 SCC 1.

[78] Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 898.

[79] Michael Ignatieff, A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850 (Pantheon Books 1978).

[80] J.K. Chopra, The Evolution of Prison System in India (Reliance Publishing House 1991), p.6

[81] Suparna Jain & R.K. Verma, Prisons in India, 2(1) Indian Police Journal 36 (2005), p.38

[82] Sangeeta Tyagi, British Prison Policy Changes and Kol Insurrection, Prison History of Early Independent India, Accessed from: https://www.importantindia.com/15948/prison-system-during-british-period/, (last visited Dec. 13, 2023)

[83] Ranabir Samaddar, The Politics of Dialogue: Living Under the Geopolitical Histories of War and Peace (Routledge 2016), p.58

[84] Dipesh Chakrabarty, Rethinking Working-Class History: Bengal, 1890-1940 (Princeton University Press 2015), p.105

[86] PRS Legislative Research, Examining Prisons in India (Institute for Policy Research Studies 2017), p.5

[87] Gopal Das and Ors. v. State of West Bengal, (2021) 10 SCC 161.

[88] Dnyaneshwar Suresh Borkar v. State of Goa, (2020) 19 SCC 771.

[89] Mohd. Akhtar Hussain alias Ibrahim Ahmed Bhatti v. Asst. Collector of Customs (P), Ahmedabad & Anr., (1988) 4 SCC 183.

[90] Amnesty International India, "Prisons in India: Reform not Punishment?," 2015, p.8, https://amnesty.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Prisons-in-India-Reform-Not-Punishment.pdf (last visited Dec. 12, 2023).

[91] Prem Shankar Shukla v Delhi Admn., (1980) 3 SCC 526.

[92] Francis Coralie Mullin v. The Administrator, (1981) 1 SCC 608.

[93] Government of India, “Mulla Committee Report on Prison Reforms," 1983, mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MullaCommitteRpt-06101983.pdf (last visited Dec. 12, 2023).

[94] P. Sahadevan, “Prison Reform in India: A Comparative Study of Indian and Nordic Prison Systems," https://www.unafei.or.jp/publications/pdf/RS_No60/No60_06VE_Sahadevan1.pdf (last visited Dec. 12, 2023).

[95] Prem Shankar Shukla v Delhi Admn., (1980) 3 SCC 526.

[96] Vijay Singh v. State of Uttarakhand, (2014) 3 SCC 353.

[97] Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI), “Feudal Forces: Reform Deferred- Prisoners in India," chri.org.in/feudal-forces-reform-deferred-prisoners-in-india/ (last visited Dec. 12, 2023).

[98] Ministry of Home Affairs, “Model Prison Manual 2016”, Bureau of Police Research and Development, mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/ModelPrisonManual2016_0.pdf (last visited Dec. 12, 2023).

[99] Penal Reform and Justice Association, PRJA White Paper on Prison Reforms, 2017, www.humanrightsinitiative.org/download/PRJA%20White%20Paper%20on%20Prison%20Reforms.pdf (last visited Dec. 12, 2023); Amnesty International India (2015), Ibid.

[1] Department of Consumer Affairs, Handbook on Consumer Protection Act 2019, at 1 (2020).

[2] Reena Sewraz, Unfair Trade Practices: Consumers Still Face Uphill Battle, FIN. EXPRESS (Sept. 13 2020), https://www.financialexpress.com/money/unfair-trade-practices-consumers-still-face-uphill-battle/2087639/ (last visited Dec 8, 2023).

[4] Sonam Chandwani & Yashasvi Rajpara, Consumer awareness: A key to enhance consumer protection in India, IPLEADERS (Feb. 20, 2022), https://blog.ipleaders.in/consumer-awareness-key-enhance-consumer-protection-india/ (last visited Dec 8, 2023).

[5] The Consumer Protection Act, No. 35 of 2019, INDIA CODE (2019), Acts of Parliament, 2019.

[6] Anhad Miglani, More than 50% still falling for misleading ads in India, THE HINDU (Aug 06, 2020), https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/more-than-50-still-falling-for-misleading-ads-in-india/article32286241.ece (last visited Dec 8, 2023).

[7] S. Chandrasekhar, How instant loan apps exhibit predatory tendencies, BUSINESSLINE (Sep. 16, 2022), https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/how-instant-loan-apps-exhibit-predatory-tendencies/article65939541.ece (last visited Dec 8, 2023).

[8] Harshita Tyagi & Mahima Singh, Fintech Lending Apps, Unregulated for Now, Pose Risks says RBI Working Group, BLOOMBERG L. (Sep. 22, 2022), https://www.bloomberglaw.com/product/blaw/bloomberglawnews/bloomberg-law-news/X9MGJH6S000000?bna_news_filter=banking-law (last visited Dec 9, 2023).

[9] The Consumer Protection Act, 2019: An Overview, PRS Legislative Research. https://prsindia.org/billtrack/consumer-protection-bill-2019 (last visited Dec 9, 2023)

[10] The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, Section 2(r).

[12] Preventing Unfair Trading Practices: Analysis of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, NUJS Law Review. http://nujslawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Protected-Siddharth-S.pdf (last visited Dec 9, 2023)

[13] Rights of Consumers, National Consumer Helpline. https://consumerhelpline.gov.in/rights_consumers.aspx (last visited Dec 9, 2023)

[14] C Salvadurai v. State of Maharashtra, (2013) 20 SCC 659

[15] Unfair Trade Practices under Consumer Protection Act 2019, IPleaders. https://blog.ipleaders.in/unfair-trade-practices/ (last visited Dec 9, 2023)

[16] The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, No. 35, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India), § 2.

[21] Federal Trade Commission, “Advertising FAQ's: A Guide for Small Business”, https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/advertising-faqs-guide-small-business, (last visited Dec. 9, 2023).

[22] R. Garg, "The Law on Advertising & Endorsements in India”, https://www.mondaq.com/india/advertising-marketing-branding/715834/the-law-on-advertising-endorsements-in-india, (last visited Dec. 9, 2023).

[23] The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, Act No. 35, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India), § 2(28).

[24] The Legal Metrology Act, 2009, Act No. 1, Acts of Parliament, 2010 (India), § 52.

[25] European Commission. Unfair commercial practices directive - Protection of consumers' economic interests. https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/consumers/unfair-commercial-practices-law/unfair-commercial-practices-directive_en (last visited Dec 9, 2023).

[26] Federal Trade Commission. Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/media-resources/truth-advertising/unfair-deceptive-acts-or-practices (last visited Dec 9, 2023).

[27] 15 U.S. Code § 45 - Unfair methods of competition unlawful; prevention by Commission. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/45 (last visited Dec 9, 2023).

[28] The Consumer Protection Act, 2019. http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210422.pdf (last visited Dec 9, 2023).

[29] The Indian Contract Act, 1872; The Sale of Goods Act, 1930.

[30] The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, Statement of Objects and Reasons.

[32] The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, Chapter II.

[35] The Indian Contract Act, 1872, Sections 1-75.

[36] The Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Sections 12-16.

[37] The Consumer Protection Act 2019, No. 35, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India), § 2(47).

[39] Dee Pridgen, Consumer Protection and the Law § 9:23, at 9-126 (2008).

[40] Charles of the Ritz Distributors Corporation v. F.T.C., 143 F.2d 676 (2d Cir. 1944).

[41] The Consumer Protection Act 2019, No. 35, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India), § 38 (India).

[42] About ASCI, Advertising Standards Council of India, https://ascionline.org/index.php/about-asci/introduction.html (last visited Dec. 9, 2023).

[43] The Consumer Protection Act 2019, No. 35, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India), §§ 21, 89-91 (India).

[44] The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, No. 35, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India), http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210422.pdf (last visited Dec 10, 2023).

[46] Ghoshray, S., Mapping the Contours of India's Unfair Contract Terms Law, XV. NUJS L. Rev. 4 (2022).

[47] Consumer Protection Group Model Framework, 2021, https://www.cpgroups.org (last visited Dec 10, 2023).

[48] CUTS, “Understanding Price Manipulation as an Unfair Trade Practice” (2020) https://cuts-ccier.org/pdf/Understanding_Price_Manipulation_as_an_Unfair_Trade_Practice.pdf (last visited Dec 10, 2023)

[49] Rahul Singh, "Predatory Pricing: A Proposed Framework for India" (2021) https://www.epw.in/engage/article/predatory-pricing-proposed-framework-india (last visited Dec 10, 2023)

[50] The Competition Act 2002, No. 12, Acts of Parliament, 2003 (India), s 4.

[51] MCX Stock Exchange Ltd v National Stock Exchange of India Ltd (2009) COMPAT 7.

[52] The Competition Act 2002, No. 12, Acts of Parliament, 2003 (India), s 3(3).

[53] Udai S Mehta, “Curbing price gouging in times of crisis” (2020) https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/curbing-price-gouging-in-times-of-crisis/1892553/ (last visited Dec 10, 2023).

[54] Press Information Bureau, “Government takes steps to ensure availability of mask, hand sanitizers and gloves at affordable rates” (Mar 19, 2020) https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1607345 (last visited Dec 10, 2023).

[55] The Consumer Protection Act 2019, Section 2(4)

[56] The Consumer Protection Act 2019, Section 2(6)

[57] The Consumer Protection Act 2019, Section 2(1)(f), 14 and 21

[58] Packed Spices Case, Ernakulam District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum, decided on 22-11-2021

[59] iPhone Case, SCDRC Karnataka at Bangalore decided on 05-10-2022

[60] The Consumer Protection Act 2019, Sections 21(b) and 38

[62] Central Inland Water Transport Corporation V Brojo Nath Ganguly, AIR 1986 SC 1571

[63] Abraham v. Johns and Wales Enterprises Ltd., (1987) Q.B. 267; (1987) 3 All E.R. 289

[64] Indian Council For Envirolegal Action v. UOI, (2011) 8 SCC 161

[65] Motilal Padampat Sugar Mills v. State of Uttar Pradesh, (1979) 2 SCC 409

[66] The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, No. 35, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India), https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A2019-35.pdf.

[67] About the Department of Consumer Affairs, Department of Consumer Affairs, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Last Updated On: 27 Apr 2022. https://consumeraffairs.nic.in/about-us.

[68] Pradeep S Mehta, Secretary, CCPA, India’s New Consumer Protection Law in Action, CUTS International, https://cuts-international.org/indias-new-consumer-protection-law-action/, last visited Dec 12, 2022.

[69] CCPA in 2022: Key highlights of the year and the road ahead, Business Standard, Dec 26, 2022. https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/ccpa-in-2022-key-highlights-of-the-year-and-the-road-ahead-112122600408_1.html, last visited Dec 30, 2022.

[70] Reforming Consumer Dispute Redressal Agencies, Economic Survey 2020-2021, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/doc/echapter/echap11.pdf, last visited Dec 30, 2022.

[71] Role of Voluntary Consumer Organisations in Consumer Protection, Indian Institute of Public Administration, http://consumeraffairs.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/Role%20of%20Voluntary%20Consumer%20Organisation%20in%20Consumer%20Protection.pdf, last visited Dec 28, 2022.

[72] Key Highlights of the Decisions taken in the meeting of Advisory Committee on Consumer Affairs, PIB Delhi, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1773088, last visited Dec 29, 2022.

[73] Tanushree Banerjee, How self-regulation impacts credibility, LiveMint, Jan 28, 2022. https://www.livemint.com/companies/how-selfregulation-impacts-credibility-11643321606186.html, last visited Dec 29, 2022.

[74] Indian e-commerce market size 2013-2027. (2021, August 9). Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/717805/india-ecommerce-market-size/

[75] Menon, S. (2021, December 1). Fake reviews to substandard products: E-commerce giants face the heat. The Week. https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2021/12/01/fake-reviews-to-substandard-products-e-commerce-giants-face-the-heat.html

[76] Standing Committee on Finance. (2021). E-commerce in India - Key Policy Issues & Areas of Intervention (Report No. 95). Lok Sabha Secretariat. https://prsindia.org/files/policy/committee-reports/scr2021/SCR%20-%20Ecommerce%20in%20India.pdf

[77] Draft National E-Commerce Policy. (2019). Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade. https://dipp.gov.in/sites/default/files/DraftNational_e-commerce_Policy_23February2019.pdf

[78] Menon, N. (2022, August 30). Time has come to regulate online purchases, streamline dispute resolution process. The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/business/time-has-come-to-regulate-online-purchases-streamline-dispute-resolution-process/article65849640.ece

[79] Challenges in enforcement of consumer laws in India, Livemint (Dec 10, 2023) https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/ZqeTeIlBbwbYVbLEmtVBaJ/Challenges-in-enforcement-of-consumer-laws-in-India.html

[80] Analysis of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, Legal Services India (Dec 10, 2023) https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-4558-analysis-of-the-consumer-protection-act-2019.html

[81] The Consumer Protection Act, 2019: A Boon or a Bane for E-Commerce in India?, LiveLaw (Dec 10, 2023) https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/pdf_upload-378707.pdf

[1] Emanuel, E. J., Wendler, D., & Grady, C. (2000). What makes clinical research ethical? JAMA, 283(20), 2701-2711.

[2] International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). (2016). ICH guideline for good clinical practice E6(R2). https://www.ich.org/page/efficacy-guidelines

[3] “Bothwell, L. E., Greene, J. A., Podolsky, S. H., & Jones, D. S. (2016). Assessing the Gold Standard--Lessons from the History of RCTs. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(22), 2175-2181.”

[4] Thiers, “F. A., Sinskey, A. J., & Berndt, E. R. (2008). Trends in the globalization of clinical trials. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,” 7(1), 13-14.

[5] World Health Organization. (2020). Clinical trials. https://www.who.int/health-topics/clinical-trials#tab=tab_1

[6] Emanuel, “E. J., Wendler, D., & Grady, C. (2000). What makes clinical research ethical?. JAMA,” 283(20), 2701-2711.

[7] Thiers, F. A., Sinskey, A. J., & Berndt, E. R. (2008). Trends in the globalization of clinical trials. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 7(1), 13-14.

[8] Bothwell, “L. E., Greene, J. A., Podolsky, S. H., & Jones, D. S. (2016). Assessing the Gold Standard--Lessons from the History of RCTs. New England Journal of Medicine,” 374(22), 2175-2181.

[9] Emanuel, E. J., Wendler, D., & Grady, C. (2000). What makes clinical research ethical?. JAMA, 283(20), 2701-2711.

[10] Emanuel, E. J., Wendler, D., & Grady, C. (2000). What makes clinical research ethical?. JAMA, 283(20), 2701-2711.

[11] London, “A. J. (2000). The ambiguity and the exigency: Clarifying ‘standard of care’ arguments in international research. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy,” 25(4), 379-397.

[12] Emanuel, “E. J., Wendler, D., Killen, J., & Grady, C. (2004). What makes clinical research in developing countries ethical? The benchmarks of ethical research. The Journal of infectious diseases,” 189(5), 930-937.

[13] Ghooi, R. B. (2011). The Nuremberg code–a critique. Perspectives in clinical research, 2(2), 72.

[14] 1979: The Belmont Beecher, H. K. (1966). Ethics and clinical research. New England journal of medicine, 274(24), 1354-1360.

[15] Laugharn, P. (2007). The evolution of international regulations for clinical research. Pharmaceutical Medicine, 21(3), 145-159.

[16] World Medical Association. (2013). Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191-2194.

[17] Goodyear, M. D. E., Krleža-Jeri?, K., & Lemmens, T. (2009). The Declaration of Helsinki. In The Oxford textbook of clinical research ethics (pp. 137-148). Oxford University Press, USA.

[18] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019, March). “Institutional Review Boards Frequently Asked Questions. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/institutional-review-boards-frequently-asked-questions”.

[19] Emanuel, E. J., “Wendler, D., & Grady, C. (2000). What makes clinical research ethical?. JAMA,” 283(20), 2701-2711.

[20] Ghooi, R. B. (2011). The Nuremberg Code—a critique. Perspectives in clinical research, 2(2), 72.

[21] Beauchamp, “T. L. (2011). Informed consent: its history, meaning, and present challenges. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics,” 20(4), 515-523.

[22] Emanuel, “E. J., Wendler, D., & Grady, C. (2000). What makes clinical research ethical? JAMA,” 283(20), 2701-2711.

[23] Thompson, D. F. (1993). Understanding financial conflicts of interest. New England journal of medicine, 329(8), 573-576.

[24] Levine, C., “Faden, R., Grady, C., Hammerschmidt, D., Eckenwiler, L., & Sugarman, J. (2004). The limitations of vulnerability as a protection for human research participants. The American Journal of Bioethics,” 4(3), 44-49.

[25] Schellenberg, J. R., Maokola, W., Shirima, K., Manongi, R. N., Mushi, A. K., Mshinda, H., ... & Armstrong-Schellenberg, J. R. (2007). “Cluster-randomized study of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants (IPTi) in southern Tanzania: evaluation of impact on survival.” Malaria journal, 6(1), 1-12.

[26] Kelley, M., James, C., Kearns, P., Lydon, S., Mulhall, A., & Sheikh, A. (2015). A qualitative study exploring learning from community representatives on research ethics committees. Primary health care research & development, 16(4), 406-417.

[27] Ioannidis, J. P., & Lau, J. (2001). Improving safety reporting from randomised trials. Drug safety, 24(2), 77-84.

[28] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2015). Adverse Event Reporting to IRBs - Improving Human Subject Protection. Retrieved February 21, 2023, from https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/adverse-event-reporting-irbs-improving-human-subject-protection.

[29] Lux, A. L., Edwards, S. W., Osborne, J. P., Spicer, J., Fox, D., Kinsey, S. E., ... & Purkiss, J. (2000). Responses of local authorities to government guidance on whistleblowing. BMJ, 320(7248), 1482-1483.

[30] “Rothman, D. J. (1991). Strangers at the bedside: A history of how law and bioethics transformed medical decision making. Basic Books.”

[31] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee. https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/index.html

[32] Steinbrook, R. (2002). “Protecting research subjects — the crisis at Johns Hopkins. New England Journal of Medicine,” 346(9), 716-720.

[33] Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). “The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence,” 1(9), 389-399.

[34] Mittelstadt, B. (2017). Ethics of the health-related internet of things: a narrative review. Ethics and Information Technology, 19(3), 157-175.

[35] Barocas, S., & Selbst, A. D. (2016). Big data's disparate impact. Calif. L. Rev., 104, 671.

[36] Baum, S. D. (2018). On the promotion of safe and socially beneficial artificial intelligence. AI & SOCIETY, 33(4), 543-551.

[1] Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act 2012, s 2(1) (d).

[2] AGNES, FLAVIA. “Controversy over Age of Consent.” Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 48, no. 29, 2013, pp. 10–13. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23528498. Accessed 18 May 2023.

[3] National Crime Records Bureau, Crime in India 2021 Chapter 4A.9.

[4] Implementation of the POCSO Act, 2012 by the Special Courts: Challenges and Issues Centre for Child and the Law-NLSIU’s Studies on the Working of Special Courts in Five States (2018).

[6] Independent Thought v. Union of India (2017)10 SCC 800

[7] Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act 2012, s 2(1) (d).

[8] Implementation of the POCSO Act, 2012 by Special Courts: Challenges and Issues, CCL-NLSIU, with support from Tata Trusts (CCL-NLSIU Report).

[9] child-rights-convention (UNICEF, )<https://www.unicef.org/ /convention-text.

[12] Spl. C. No. 165 of 2015 decided on 28.01.2016 (Thane) in Maharashtra Report, p.82.

[14] Arushi G, “Navigating Through 'Age' and 'Agency' in Eera v. State ?” 14 Socio Legal Review <https://www.sociolegalreview.com/archives> accessed April 29, 2023.

[15] Khadgawat, R., Marwaha, R., Mehan, N. et al. Age of onset of puberty in apparently healthy school girls from northern India. Indian Pediatr 53, 383–387 (2016).

[16] Matthew Waites, The Age of Consent: Young People, Sexuality and Citizenship (1st edn, PALGRAVE MACMILLAN 2005).

[17] Committee on the Rights of the Child general comment No. 7 on Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood (2005), para.17, , http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/ AdvanceVersions/GeneralComment7Rev1.pdf

[20] UNICEF, 20 Years of the Convention on the Rights of the Child- Are You Old Enough? https://www.

unicef.org/rightsite/433_457.htm (Last visited on May 1, 2017).

[21] Steven Bellemare, MD, Age of consent for sexual activity in Canada, Paediatrics & Child Health, Volume 13, Issue 6, July/August 2008, Page 475.

[22] Victoria Simpson Beck & Stephanie Boys, 'Romeo & Juliet: Star-Crossed Lovers or Sex Offenders' (2013) 24 Crim Just Pol'y Rev 648.

[23] Peter Tatchell, ‘The Current Age of Consent of 16 Doesn't Protect Young People, It Criminalises Them’ huffingtonpost, 25 January 2009)< https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/peter-g-tatchell/age-of consent_b_4314619.html> accessed 03 May 2023.

[24] “Romantic” Cases under the POCSO Act An Analysis of Judgments of Special Courts in Assam, Maharashtra & West Bengal, Enfold Trust, in collaboration with UNICEF.

[26] CCL-NLSIU, Study on the Working of Special Courts under the POCSO Act, 2012 in Andhra Pradesh (2017), p.64, https://www.nls.ac.in/ccl/POSCOAP2017study.pdf

[31] POCSO Case No. 12/2018 decided on 23/09/18 by the Special Court in Karbi Anglong (Assam).

^{^[34]} Prachi Sharma and Dr. Nisha Sharma ‘What Contributes To Teenage Pregnancies In India?’(Feminism in India, 19 January 2021) <https://feminisminindia.com/2021/01/19/what-contributes-to-teenage-pregnancies-in-india/> accessed 02 May 2023

[35] Kanbur, Nuray. "Close-in-age exemption laws: focusing on the best interests of children and adolescents" International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, vol. 33, no. 2, 2021, pp. 20180143.

[38] Pallavi Polanki, Time to Lower Age of Consent for Sex? National Child Rights Body Thinks So’(FIRSTPOST (March 6, 2013)http://www.firstpost.com/india/time-to-lower-age-of-consentfor-sex-national-child-rights-body-thinks-so-650471.htmlaccessed April 30, 2023).

[39] NCPCR, Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Bill, 2010, exceptions to Clause 3.

[40] Michelle Oberman, 'Regulating Consensual Sex with Minors: Defining a Role for

Statutory Rape' (2000) 48 Buff L Rev 703.

[1] S R Myneni, Family Laws in India (1^st edn, Asia Law House 2009) 9

[2] Collector of Madurai v Mootoo Ramalinga Sethupathy (1868) 12 MIA 397

[3] Lindesay Robertson, 'Judicial Recognition of Customs' (1922) 4 Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law, http://www.jstor.org/stable/753149 accessed 18 December 2023

[7] M Katju, ‘Ancient Indian Jurisprudence’ (Bharat Hindu University 2010) 14 https://www.academia.edu/16833641/Ancient_Indian_Jurisprudence_by_Justice_Markanday_Katju accessed 18 December 2023

[8] Autar Krishen Koul, A Textbook of Jurisprudence (1^st edn Satyam Law International 2009) 84

[10] F P Walton, ‘The Historical School of Jurisprudence and Transplantations of Law’ (1927) 9

Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law <

http://www.jstor.org/stable/753569> accessed 18 December 2023

[17] Mayne, Hindu Law and Usage (16^th edn, Bharat Law House 2008) 46

[18] S R Myneni, Family Laws in India (1^st edn, Asia Law House 2009) 10

[20] Soorendranath Roy v Heeramonee Burmoneah (1868) 12 MIA 91

[26] Lindesay Robertson, 'Judicial Recognition of Customs' (1922) 4 Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law, http://www.jstor.org/stable/753149 accessed 18 December 2023

[28] Chandra Mallampalli, ‘Escaping the Grip of Personal Law in Colonial India: Proving Custom, Negotiating Hindu-ness’ (2010) Law and History Review < http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/lawhst28&collection=journals&id=1075&startid=1075&endid=1098> accessed 18 December 2023

[31] Werner Menski, Hindu Law: Beyond Tradition and Modernity (Oxford University Press 2003) 39-40

[33] Charlotte deposed 101 witnesses while Francis (Matthew’s brother) produced 150 witnesses. These commented extensively on issues of dress, rules of association, caste, and cultural dimensions of Christian identity.

[35] Halsbury, Laws of England (vol 10, Lexis Nexis Butterworths) 250

[39] Madhu Kishwar, ‘Hindu law: myth and reality’ (1994) 29 Economic and Political Weekly 4 <

http://www.jstor.org/stable/4401625> accessed 18 December 2023

[51] Flavia Agnes, Law, Justice, and Gender: Family Law and Constitutional Provisions in India (OUP India 2011)

[53] Surajmani Stella Kujar v Durga Charan (2001)3SC C 13

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

ETHICAL AND MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS BY - KALYANI RAVINDRA YADAV

ROLLING THE DICE ON LEGAL BOUNDARIES: A CASE COMMENATRY ON GHERULAL PAREKH V MAHADEODAS MAIYA BY - SUMEDHA PRADHAN & SANCHITA SINGH

INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAWS GOVERNING INDIA BY - RESHMA RT

AGENCY COST THEORY BY - BHAVYA PATHANIA & SPARSH SAXENA

HUMAN RIGHTS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE BY - AKSHAT DEV & HIMANSHU SINGH

PUNISHMENT AND ITS KINDS BY - JANHAVI SHISODE

UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES CONSUMER LAW BY - JANHAVI SHISODE

CLINICAL TRIALS WITH RESPECT TO ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY BY - JANHAVI SHISODE

POCSO ACT 2012: AGE OF CONSENT AND THE CRIMINALISATION OF ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS. BY - BASANAGOUDA M PATIL

A CRITICAL STUDY OF CUSTOMS AND USAGES IN HINDU LAW: ITS COLONIAL TREATMENT AND CONSEQUENCES BY - ALIND GUPTA

LAW JOURNAL

IMPORTANT LINKS

ETHICS & POLICY

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation 2