INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

CULTURAL RIGHTS: WHY IT IS IMPORTANT FOR WOMEN? BY - MANJARI VERMA & DALLENDRA SHEKHAR

Authors : MANJARI VERMA & DALLENDRA SHEKHAR

Registration ID : 106212 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6212 & IJLRA6213

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : manjariverma88@gmail.com & dallendrashekhar@gmail.com

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-42532318/CULTURAL RIGHTS: WHY IT IS IMPORTANT FOR WOMEN?

OPENING DOORWAYS TO PLACES OF WORSHIP: GENDER EQUALITY AND INDIAN JURISPRUDENCE BY - DR. AASTHA AGNIHOTRI

Authors : DR. AASTHA AGNIHOTRI

Registration ID : 106211 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6211

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : aasthaagnihotri95@gmail.com

Page No : 28 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-76515162/OPENING DOORWAYS TO PLACES OF WORSHIP: GENDER EQUA

ANALYSIS OF GOODS AND TRANSPORT AGENCY SECTOR UNDER GST BY - MS. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

Authors : MS. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

Registration ID : 106210 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6210

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : maarialakdawala811@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-42817143/ANALYSIS OF GOODS AND TRANSPORT AGENCY SECTOR UNDE

ASYLUM CASE (PERU V. COLUMBIA) BY - MS. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

Authors : MS. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

Registration ID : 106209 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6209

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : maarialakdawala811@gmail.com

Page No : 13 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-94723884/ASYLUM CASE (PERU V. COLUMBIA)

LAWS RELATING TO UNORGANISED SECTOR AND IMPLICATIONS IN INDIAN LEGAL PERSPECTIVE BY - Ms. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

Authors : MS. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

Registration ID : 106208 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6208

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : maarialakdawala811@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-56762783/LAWS RELATING TO UNORGANISED SECTOR AND IMPLICATIO

RES JUDICATA: THE BACKBONE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE BY: MS. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

Authors : MS. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

Registration ID : 106207 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6207

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : maarialakdawala811@gmail.com

Page No : 16 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-65953334/RES JUDICATA: THE BACKBONE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE

DECODING THE CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL VICTIMIZATION BY - JOEL JOHN THOMAS, ABHIJITH TOJO & THERES EMMANUEL

Authors : JOEL JOHN THOMAS, ABHIJITH TOJO & THERES EMMANUEL

Registration ID : 106204 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6204, IJLRA6205 & IJLRA6206

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : abhijithtojo@gmail.com

Page No : 18 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-23164688/DECODING THE CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL VICTIMIZATION

CONCEPT OF PROSPECTUS AND ALLOTMENT OF SHARES IN A COMPANY: LEGAL DISCOURSE WITH REFERENCE OT THE COMPANIES ACT 2013 BY - VAIBHAV KARTIKEYA AGRAWAL

Authors : VAIBHAV KARTIKEYA AGRAWAL

Registration ID : 106203 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6203

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : vaibhavkartikeya@gmail.com

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link :

GST ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA BY - T. NAMMEETA

Authors : T. NAMMEETA

Registration ID : 106202 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6202

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : namitz2003@gmail.com

Page No : 09 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-87568996/GST ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA

HUMAN TRAFFICKING: AN ANALYSIS ON HOW HUMAN TRAFFICKING LEADS TO FORCED PROSTITUTION. BY: CHIPPY.P

Authors : CHIPPY.P

Registration ID : 106201 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6201

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : chippy.preetha@gmail.com

Page No : 14 | No of times Downloads: 0065

Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-17976759/HUMAN TRAFFICKING: AN ANALYSIS ON HOW HUMAN TRAFFI

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

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All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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[1]Pew Research Centers, ‘Theories explaining gender differences in religion’ (22 March 2016)

[2]UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 28: Article 3 (The Equality of Rights Between Men and Women), 29 March 2000, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10,) PARA5.

[3] Dianne Otto, ‘Women’s Rights’ in Daniel Moeckli, Sangeeta Shah and Sandesh Sivakumaran (eds), International Human RightsLaw (3^rd edn, Oxford University Press 2014) 310.

[4] Shri A.S. Narayana Deekshitulu vs State Of Andhra Pradesh , AIR 1976 SC 1765 para 85.

[10] Rev. Stainislaus vs State Of Madhya Pradesh & Ors, 1977 AIR 908 para 7.

[11] Nar Hari Sastri And Others vs Shri Badrinath Temple Committee, 1952 AIR 245para 17.

[15] Sarkin, Jeremy, and Mark Koenig. 'Ending Caste Discrimination in India: Human Rights and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Individuals and Groups from Discrimination at the Domestic and International Levels', The George Washington International Law Review, vol. 41/no. 3, (2010), pp. 541.

[19] Gautam Bhatia, “Equal Moral Membership: Naz Foundation and the Refashioning of Equality”(2017) 1(2) Indian Law Review 118. < https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2980862> accessed 27 July 2019.

[20] Shayara bano v Union of India,(2017)9 SCC 1 para 63.

[21] Article 17 reads as: “Abolition of Untouchability. “Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of “Untouchability” shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.”

[23] In the social hierarchy of a Hindu society, those placed at the bottom were considered impure and polluted. Due to this reason they were socially excluded and contact with them was forbidden.

[25] State of Kanataka v. Appa Balu Igale, AIR 1993 SC 1126 PARA 36.

[26] People’s Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of India, AIR 1982 SC1473 PARA 6.

[27] S.P. Mittal v. Union of India (1983) 1 SCC 51, para 80.

[28] J.N. Pandey, ‘Constitutional Law of India’ (51^st edn. Central Law Agency 2014)

[29] Saifuddin Saheb v. State of Bombay, AIR1962 SC 62.364.

[32] Satya Prasoon, ‘The Sabarimala case has the potential to be a Constitutional watershed’ (The Wire 7 November 2016) < https://thewire.in/law/sabrimala-temple-case-constitutional-watershed/amp/> accessed on 19 August 2019.

[33] Article 25 (b) of the Constitution of India.

[35] Though the Constitution explicitly mandates opening of Hindu places of worship to all, it is silent on opening of Muslim places of worship. It is pertinent to mention that this sets the judgment on a different footing from the others as in those judgments as Constitutional mandate and legislative mandates were used to open temples to women.

[36] Though the Supreme Court delivered it’s judgment in the case, it is now looking into the Review Petitions for which hearing has been concluded but judgment is yet to be delivered. Over 54 Review Petitions were filed under Article 137 of the Constitution and though the researcher is critical of the review the same falls beyond the scope of the research.

[37]S. Mahendran v. Travancore Devaswom Board, AIR 1993 Ker 42. < https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1915943/>

[38] Para 7.1“The right to move the Supreme Court under Article 32 for violation of Fundamental Rights, must be based on a pleading that the Petitioners’ personal rights to worship in this Temple have been violated.’

[39] Prakhar Singh and Pragya Roy, ‘Questioning the dissenting voice in Sabarimala’ (EPW Engage 5 November 2018) < https://www.epw.in/engage/article/questioning-dissenting-voice-sabarimala> accessed on 7 August 2019.

[42] To quote the Chief Justice, ‘“Let a Muslim woman come and challenge it.”

‘Shamani Joshi, ‘India’s Supreme Court Rejects Plea to Allow Muslim Women Entry Into Mosques’ (The Vice 9 July 2019) < https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/evywwm/indias-supreme-court-rejects-plea-to-allow-muslim-women-entry-into-mosques>

[44] Ronojoy Sen, ‘The Doctrine of Essential Practices: The Judges shape a Rational Hinduism’ in ‘Articles of faith: Religion, Secularism, and the Indian Supreme Court’ (Oxford University Press 2010).

[46] S.P. Gupta v. Union of India, AIR 1982 SC 149

[48] Raghav Pandey, ‘Dissecting the Triple Takaq judgment’ (Daily Pioneer 7 September 2017) < https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/columnists/dissecting-the triple-talaq-judgmnent.html>

[50] Murali Krishan, ‘Question of Law: Essential Religious Practices Test a “problem with our jurisprudence”, DY Chandrachud J.’ (Bar and Bench 26 July 2019) <https://barandbench.com/question-of-law-essential-religious-practices-test-a-problem-in-our-jurisprudence-dy-chandrachud-j/> accessed on 7 August 2019.

[51] Elizabeth Seshadari, ‘The Sabarimala judgment; Reformative and disruptive’(The Hindu Centre for politics and public policy 5 October 2019).

[52] Binoo K John, ‘When the first women climb the 18 steps to the sanctum sanctorum, it will be a climb out of medievalism.’ (News 18 , 30 September 2018)

[53] Nigam Nuggehalli, ‘Pragmatism bows to Justice: In Sabarimala as in Brown v. Board of Education’ ( The Wire 6 Novemeber 2018) < https://thewire.in/rights/sabarimala-row-judicial-rulings-cannot-consider-pragmatism-or-community-interests> accessed online 1 August 2019.

[54] Sowmya Sivkumar, ‘Sabarimala: Deities will cannot trump the Constituiton on the Right to equality’ (The Wire 30 July 2018) < https://thewire.in/law/sabarimala-is-temple-entry-a-destination> accessed on 8 July 2019.

[55] Aneesha Mathur, ‘Sabarimala stand on women and untouchability not the same, Supreme Court told’ (India Today 6 February 2019).

[59] Amy Kazim, ‘India’s temple battle epitomises the struggle between faith and law’ (Financial Times 3 December 2018).

[60] Dianne Otto, ‘Women’s Rights’ in Daniel Moeckli, Sangeeta Shah and Sandesh Sivakumaran (eds), International Human RightsLaw (3^rd edn, Oxford University Press 2014) 310.

[61] Smita Prakash, ‘Triple talaq is a matter of gender equality, Sabarimala is tradition: Narendra Modi’ (The Hindu 1 January 2019) < https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/triple-talaq-is-a-matter-of-gender-equality-sabarimala-is-tradition-narendra-modi/article25881596.ece> accessed on 9 August 2019.

[62] A Member of Parliament from Kerala even introduced a private member bill titled ‘Sabarimala Sreedharma Sastha Temple (Special Provisions) Bill’ to revert back the status quo of the ban and safeguard the Sabarimala customs and rituals. Press trust of India, ‘UDF MP introduces bill to preserve Sabarimala rituals’(India Today 21 June 2019) < https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/udf-mp-introduces-bill-preserve-sabarimala-rituals-1553886-2019-06-21>

Special Correspondent, ‘Only a law to undo SC verdict will pacify the protesters’ (The Hindu 6 February 2019) < https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/only-a-law-to-undo-sc-verdict-on-sabarimala-will-pacify-protesters/article26187579.ece> accessed on 5 June 2019.

[63] Sati, slavery, devdasi, dowry, triple talaq, child marriage were all justified in the name of religion.

[66] Swami Venkatraman, ‘If Supreme Court has to intervene at Sabarimala, it must do so for all religions’ (The Print 4 February 2019) < https://theprint.in/opinion/if-supreme-court-has-to-intervene-at-sabarimala-it-must-do-so-for-all-religions/152330/> accessed on June 15 2019.

[67] The bans on the other two places though of course violative of women’s rights but they are also a lot more complex as compared to the situation in India. For example Greece has reservations to Treaties explicitly protecting the practices at Mount Athos which has a special status within Greece.

[68] Even now the dalits are forbidden entry to many temples and instances where disobedience is punshed with torture, beationgs and ven death are common.

MC Rajan, ‘80 years since Travancore's temple entry, Dalits forced to fight for right to pray’ ( The New Indian Express 6 September 2016) ,S Senthalir, ‘Dalit woman denied temple entry, incident goes viral on social media’( The Hindu 1 May 2018) < https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dalit-woman-denied-temple-entry-incident-goes-viral-on-social-media/article23740714.ece> accessed on 1 JULY 2019.,

[1] clause (ze) in para 2 of Notification No.12/2017-Central Tax (Rate) dated 28.06.2017.

[2] clause (u) in para 2 of Notification No.12/2017-Central Tax (Rate) dated 28.06.2017.

[3] "Notification 12-2017 dated 28 June 2017 Paragraph 2 Clause (ze)

[6] clause (ze) in para 2 of Notification No.12/2017-Central Tax (Rate) dated 28.06.2017.

[8] CGST Notification (Rate) No. 11/2017 dated 28.06.2017.

[9] CGST Notification (Rate) No. 11/2017 dated 28.06.2017.

[11] Notification No-32/2017(CGST Rate), dated 13.10.17

[12] [Proviso to Sr. No. 1 of Notification Nos. 13/2017-CT(Rates)

[4] Notes of the Minister for foreign affairs of Peru of March 19^th, 1949; of the ambassador of Columbia of March 28^th 1949.

[5] Nicaragua v. United States, ICJ GL No 70, 1984.

[6] Germany v. Denmark, ICGJ 149 (ICJ 1986).

[2] The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986

[3] ILO Convention No. 111 on Discrimination (Employment and Occupation)

[13] State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr. v. Jagdish Sharan Agrawal & Ors., (2009) 1 SCC 689.

[16] (Vide Union of India v. Pramod Gupta (Dead) by L.Rs. & Ors., (2005) 12 SCC 1).

[4] Paranjape, Dr. N.V., The New Company Law, 2013 167 (Central Law Agency, Allahabad , 2014 6^th edn,)

[1] Constitution of India: It is the supreme law of India.

[2] Modern Slavery: severe exploitation of others for commercial purposes.

[3] Prostitution: the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment

[4] www.unodc.org, The United Nations Trafficking Protocol’s definition

[7] NCRB was set up in 1986 to function as repository of information in crime and criminals. It is entrusted to maintain national database of sexual offenders.

[8] The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 prevents the exploitation against humans and provides aids and punishments against the offenders.

[10] Prostitution is defined in Prevention of Immoral Trafficking,1956

[15] Indian Penal Code, 1980 defines and provides crimes and punishments for the wrong actions done.

[16] Vishal Jeet vs. Union of India and Ors (1990 AIR 1412)

[17] Again in the Bachpan Bachao Andolan vs. Union of India

(2011) 5 SCC

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

CULTURAL RIGHTS: WHY IT IS IMPORTANT FOR WOMEN? BY - MANJARI VERMA & DALLENDRA SHEKHAR

OPENING DOORWAYS TO PLACES OF WORSHIP: GENDER EQUALITY AND INDIAN JURISPRUDENCE BY - DR. AASTHA AGNIHOTRI

ANALYSIS OF GOODS AND TRANSPORT AGENCY SECTOR UNDER GST BY - MS. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

ASYLUM CASE (PERU V. COLUMBIA) BY - MS. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

LAWS RELATING TO UNORGANISED SECTOR AND IMPLICATIONS IN INDIAN LEGAL PERSPECTIVE BY - Ms. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

RES JUDICATA: THE BACKBONE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE BY: MS. MAARIA LAKDAWALA

DECODING THE CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL VICTIMIZATION BY - JOEL JOHN THOMAS, ABHIJITH TOJO & THERES EMMANUEL

CONCEPT OF PROSPECTUS AND ALLOTMENT OF SHARES IN A COMPANY: LEGAL DISCOURSE WITH REFERENCE OT THE COMPANIES ACT 2013 BY - VAIBHAV KARTIKEYA AGRAWAL

GST ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA BY - T. NAMMEETA

HUMAN TRAFFICKING: AN ANALYSIS ON HOW HUMAN TRAFFICKING LEADS TO FORCED PROSTITUTION. BY: CHIPPY.P

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