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IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
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[1] Manusmariti VII/143 as Quoted in, M.A. Shewan & Udai Veer: "Corruption on Money Laundering and Law" (New Delhi: Mittal Pubalications, 2011) Part Two, at. 161.

[7] R.K. Gupta & H.D. Bist (eds): Corruption in India, Origin, Causes, and Solutions I^st edn. (New Delhi: Anamika Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2007) at 116

[10] S.K. Agarwal (ed): Towards Improving Governance (New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 2008) at. 30

[13] R.K. Gupta & H.D. Bist; supra note 7 at 155

[17] "India Inc Unhappy with Status Quo" Hindustan Times, Lucknow, 16 February, 2014 at 5, available at www.hindustan times

[19] A.K. Gupta & H.D. Bist, supra note 7 at 155.

[20] Chandan Mitra: The Corrupt Society: The Criminalization of India from Independence to the 1990s (New Delhi : Viking, 1998) at 111.

[22] A. Surya Prakash: "What Ails Indian Parliament: An Exhaustive Diagnosis, (New Delhi: Indus, 1995) at 278

[23] Dr. Prabhas Chandra Singh: "Encyclopedia of Laws against Corruption" Ist Edn. (New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2012) c. 1 at 1

[25] Quoted in N. Vittal, "Corruption, A paber submitted at the 5^th Annual National Conference of NEPASI on" Governance for Development: Issues and Strategies organized by IGNOU between 24-25 August 2011, New Delhi, at 1

[27] Quoted in Human Development in South Asia 199, (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1999) at 98

[29] A.K. Gupta & H.D. Bist, supra note 7 at 157.

[31] Priti Saxena & Sudarshana Verma :"Corruption : A human Right Concern for Development and Good Governance in 21^st Century in Gurdip Singh & V.K. Ahuja : Human Rights in 21^st Century Changing Dimentions" (New Delhi-Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.-2012) at 802.

[32] The Times of India, 26 January, 2011, Lucknow edition

[33] Priti Saxena & Sudarshana Verma, supra not 31

[34] "Corruption and Development", available at http://rbalu.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/ corruption-and-development

[35] Priti Saxena & Sudarshan Verma, supra not 31 at 801

[36] "After 'Roti, Kapda our Makkan", India Requires More" Hindustan Times, Lucknow, 21 November, 2014 at 10

[42] Justice, V.R. Krishna Iyer, Times of India, 7 March, 2006.

[43] Chief Justice of India, Indian Express New Delhi, 12 March, 2006.

[44] Satya Prakash, Faultime in Judicial Appointment Exposed, Hindustan Times, Lucknow, 22 July, 2014 at 11.

[48] Moshe Maor, "Feeling the Heat? Anti- Corruption Mechanisms in Comparative Perspective" 17 Governance 1(2004).

[49] C. Raj Kumar; "Corruption and Human Rights in India (Comparative Perspectives on Transparency and Good Governance)” (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011) at 212.

[58] People's Union for Civil Liberties V. Union of India and Others (2013)2 SCC (Cri) 832

[61] S.S. Gill, Pathology of Corruption (New Delhi, Harpur Collins Publishers India ltd.-1998) at 238.

[64] C. Raj Kumar, Corruption, Development and Good Governance: Challenges for Promoting Access to Justices in Asia. 16 Mich. St. J. Int'l L 475, 519(2008)

[65] H.L. Mansukhani, Corruption and Public Servants 78 (Noida, Vikas Publishing House, 1979)

[73] In the past, the Government has been left reeling by many corruption scandals making the headlines, most notably the 2G scam, and Commonwealth Games scam; Gulzar Natarajan, The Mirage of Corruption Quick Fixes, Live Mint.

[74] Rakesh Kalshain, Corruption Notebook, in Ctr. for Public Integrity (ed.), Global Integrity: An Investigative Report Tracking Corruption, Openness and Accountability in 25 Countries: India 7 (200)

[76] The summary of Lord Committee's first Report on standards in public Life (1995)

[81] Civil Society to Assist Probe against Justice Dinakaram, Rediff.Com (18 May 2011); Corruption Charges Slapped on Justice Dinakaram, Times of India, 19 March, 2011.

[82] V. Eshwar Anand, op-ed. Law, Corruption in Judiciary: The Time for Action, The Tribune 3 December, 2010.

[84] V.S. Achuthanandan V.R. Balakrishna Pillai, (2011) (2) SCALE 346.

[85] Alam Doig and Stephanie Mclvor, Corruption and its control in the Development Context, An Analysis and Selective Review of the Literature, 20 Third World Q. 657 (1999).

[87] Upendra Baxi Liberty and Corruption, (Lucknow, Eastern Book Company, 1989)

[89] Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 Section 19.

[90] Upendra Baxi, Liberty and Corruption, supra note 87 at 53.

[94] Nat'l Comm'n to Review the Working of the Constitution, 'Probity in Governance, 2.1 (2001)

[95] Harsh Mander and Abha Joshi, The Movement for Right to Information in India: People's power for the Control of Corruption.

[97] Abid. Hussain, Nat'l Comm'n to Review the Working of the Constitution, “Some Ideas on Governance”.

[99] India's Weak Democracy: Study, Times of India, 23 March, 2004.

[102] Ashok H. Desai and S, Muralidhar, Public Interest Litigation: Potential and Problems, in B.N. Kripal (ed.) Supreme but not Infallible: Essays in Honour of the supreme Court of India 159-92 (2000) (New Delhi: Oxford University Press)

[105] Moshe Maor, 'Feeling the Heat? Anti Corruption Mechanisms in Comparative Perspective, 12 Governance 1 (2004)

[108] R.K. Gupta & H.D. Bist, (eds.) Corruption in India, Origin, Causes and Solutions Ist edn. (New Delhi

[1] Covid-19| no individual can be forced to be vaccinated; holds supreme ..., , https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2022/05/04/covid-19-forced-vaccination-immunisation-privacy-right-bodily-integrity-supreme-court-judgments-legal-news-research-updates-law/ (last visited Oct 4, 2022).

[2] The Leaflet, https://theleaflet.in/right-to-self-determine-what-may-be-injected-into-our-bodies-is-fundamental-says-petitioner-in-the-vaccination-case-in-the-supreme-court/ (Last Visited On October 4,2022)

[4] K.S. Puttaswamy v Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1

^{^[2]} Rashmi Bagri, OFFICE OF PROFIT: IT'S TIME TO LAY DOWN THE SPECIFICS, LiveLaw, (Nov. 21, 2021, 11:48 a.m.). https://www.livelaw.in/columns/office-of-profit-doctrine-of-separation-of-power-governance-legislations-supreme-court-decisions-185994

^{^[3]} Debabrata Mohanty, ODISHA: EC ACQUITS 22 BJD MLAS OVER OFFICE-OF-PROFIT CHARGES, Hindustan Times, (Nov. 10, 2021, 10:48 a.m.) https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-ec-acquits-22-bjd-mlas-over-office-of-profit-charges-101636521498746.html

^{^[4]} Odisha Offices of Profit (Removal of Disqualifications) Amendment Act, 2016.

^{^[8]} Government of India Act 1935, 26 Geo. 5 c. 2, § 26(1)(a).

^{^[9]} The Representation of the People Act, 1951, § 10.

^{^[10]} Gulab Chand Chordia v. Thakur Narain Singh and ors., (1953) 6 ELR 399.

^{^[11]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959, § 3.

^{^[13]} Rajesh Ranjan & Naina Bhargava, Office of Profit in India, Legal Service India, https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-1153-office-of-profit-in-india.html

^{^[16]} Gae R, Office of Profit under the Government,48 JSTOR L. J. 1, 400 (2006).

^{^[17]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959.

^{^[19]} Sruthi Radhakrishnan, The Hindu explains: Office of Profit, The Hindu, (Jan. 20, 2018, 04:32 p.m,) https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-hindu-explains-office-of-profit/article22480152.ece

^{^[20]} Kanta Kathuria v. Manak Chand Surana, 1970 SCR (2) 835.

^{^[21]} Ananya Jha, Office of Profit- Definition under the Indian Constitution, Ipleaders, Nov. 16 2018, https://blog.ipleaders.in/office-of-profit/#_ftnref2

^{^[22]} Jaya Bachchan v. Union of India and Ors., (2006) 5 SCC 266.

^{^[25]} Umrao Singh v. Darbara Singh & Ors., AIR 1969 SC 262.

^{^[27]} Our Political Bureau, Political pot on boil over Jaya disqualification, Business Standard (Feb. 6, 2013, 06:31 a.m.)

https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/political-pot-on-boil-over-jaya-disqualification-106031801049_1.html

^{^[29]} Vakasha Sachdev, , AAP MLAs’ Disqualification: Decoding the Office of Profit Case, The Quint ( Jan. 19, 2018, 10:24 p.m.) https://www.thequint.com/news/india/decoding-aap-mla-disqualification-office-of-profit-case#read-more

^{^[30]} Gurugobinda Basu v. Sankari Prasad Ghosal and ors., 1964 (4) SCR 311

^{^[34]} News, Narada sting operation: CBI files FIR against 12 Trinamool leaders for 'criminal conspiracy' , The Times of India(Apr.17, 2017) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/narada-sting-operation-cbi-files-fir-against-12-trinamool-leaders-for-criminal-conspiracy/articleshow/58227792.cms

^{^[35]} India Const. art. 102 &191.

32 India Const. Art. 102

^{^[36]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959, § 3.

^{^[37]} The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959, § 5.

^{^[38]} Faizan Mustafa, Grab This Opportunity To Abolish Disqualification Due to 'Office of Profit', The Wire (Jan. 22, 2018), https://thewire.in/government/grab-opportunity-abolish-disqualification-due-office-profit .

^{^[39]} Consumer Education and Research Society v. Union of India, MANU/SC/1499/2009.

^{^[42]} The Bihar Legislature (Removal of Disqualifications) Act, 1950.

^{^[43]} The West Bengal Legislature (Removal of Disqualifications) Act, 1952 § 2(i)(a) and 2(i)(d).

^{^[44]} Chowdhury M.J.A., Judiciary and the Dilemma of ‘Office of profit, Vol.XI CUJ.L. 1, 58-82 (2010).

^{^[45]} Brian Duignan, What is the Emoluments clause, Britannica (Oct. 21, 2001), https://www.britannica.com/story/what-is-the-emoluments-clause.

^{^[47]} Edward Hicks, Resignation from the House of Commons, UK Parliament (Sep. 11, 2019), https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06395/SN06395.pdf.

^{^[50]} Succession to the Crown Act 1707, 6 Ann. c. 41, §26.

^{^[51]} House of Commons Disqualification Act 1741, 15 Geo. 2 c. 22.

^{^[52]} House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975, c. 24 (UK), https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1975/24/body.

^{^[54]} Ashok Kumar Bhattacharyya Vs. Ajoy Biswas and Ors. (1985) 1 SCC 151.

^{^[58]} Jaya Bachchan Vs. Union of India (UOI) and Ors. AIR 2006 SC 2119.

^{^[59]} Biharilal Dobrav v. Roshanlal Dobrav [1984] 1 SCR 877.

^{^[60]} Divya Prakash Vs. Kultar Chand Rana and Ors. AIR 1975 SC 1067.

^{^[61]} Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education Act, 1968, § 18.

^{^[62]} Gurugobinda Basu Vs. Sankari Prasad Ghosal and Ors. AIR 1964 SC 254.

^{^[63]} Indian Companies Act, 1956, § 2(18) & 617.

^{^[68]} Satya Ranjan Swain, The Concept of 'Office of Profit' in India, SSRN (Dec. 10, 2011), https://ssrn.com/abstract=2181796 .

^{^[70]} Pradyut Bordoloi Vs. Swapan Roy, AIR 2001 SC 296.

[1] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 16.

[2] Law Commission of India, “242^nd Report on Prevention of Interference with the Freedom of Matrimonial Alliances (in the name of Honour and Tradition)” (August, 2012), available at: https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/report242.pdf (last accessed on October 13, 2021)

[3] Arvind Chauhan (2016) “Highest number of honour killings, relationship murders in UP” Times of India, 31st August, 2016, available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/highest-number-of-honour-killings-relationship-murders-in-up/articleshow/53949053.cms (last accessed October 14, 2021)

[4] US Department of State, 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: India, https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/india/ (last visited on October 12, 2021).

[5] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/Crime%20in%20India%20-%202016%20Complete%20PDF%20291117.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[6] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/Crime%20in%20India%202017%20-%20Volume%201_0_0.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[7] Ministry of Home Affairs, Honour Killings, available at: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1540824 (last visited on October 15, 2021)

[8] NCRB report leaves out lynching, honour killing data for being ‘vague’, available at: https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/ncrb-report-leaves-out-lynching-honour-killing-data-for-being-vague/cid/1713552 (last visited on October 15, 2021)

[9] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/CII%202019%20Volume%201.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[11] India: Honour-based violence, including prevalence in rural and urban areas; legislation; state protection and support services available (2016-May 2020), available at: https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1290791/download#:~:text=Sources%20note%20that%20honour%2Dbased,%2Dreported%20(Reuters%2029%20Dec.&text=According%20to%20a%20report%20on,%5B2019%5D%2C%20162) (last visited on October 14, 2021).

[12] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, ‘Crime in India 2020’, Statistics Volume-1, available at: https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/CII%202020%20Volume%201.pdf, last visited on September 28, 2022.

[14] Tanya D’Lima, Jennifer L. Solotaroff, Rohini Prabha Pande, ‘For the sake of Family and Tradition: Honour Killings in India and Pakistan’, Sage Journals (2020), available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2455632719880852 (last visited on October 13, 2021).

[15] Manusmriti: The Laws of Manu (ca. 1500 BC – or later-) (translated by G. Buhler), available at http://eweb.furman.edu/~ateipen/ReligionA45/protected/manusmriti.htm (last visited on October 10, 2021).

[18] Lata Singh v State of U.P., 2006 (5) SCC 475.

[20] Rahul Rajput’s murder: Family says woman was present at spot and even tried to save him, available at: https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/delhi-rahul-rajput-murder-woman-tried-to-save-was-present-at-spot-655996 (last visited on October 12, 2021)

[21] Navtej Singh Johar v U.O.I., (2018) 10 SCC 1.

[22] Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (No. 10 of 2017), available at: https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/175248.pdf (last visited on October 14, 2021).

[23] Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (No. 10 of 2017), s. 2(1)(s) read with ss. 3 and 21(1)(a).

[2] Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, No. 32, Acts of Parliament, 2012 (India).

[3] Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, No. 6, Acts of Parliament, 2006 (India).

[4] Independent Thought v. Union of India, [2017] 10 SCC 800.

[5] Law Commission of India, https://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/ (last visited Mar. 30, 2022).

[7] The Indian Penal Code, 1860, § 377, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860 (India).

[8] Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty, 1996 AIR 922.

[10] Hrishikesh Sahoo v. The State of Karnataka, 2022 LiveLaw (Kar) 89.

[14] K.S Puttaswamy v. Union of India, (2008) 1 SCC 234.

[18] Mukesh & Anr v. State of NCT of Delhi & Ors, (2017) 6 SCC 1.

[1] The author is currently studying Masters of Law (LL.M.) in Constitutional Law from Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad.

[2] W.E. Peel, J. Goudkamp, Winfield & Jolowicz on Tort 360 (Sweet & Maxwell, 19th edn., 2014).

[5] Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, The Law of Torts 279 (LexisNexis, New Delhi, 26th Edn., 2013).

[7] Khushwant Singh v. Maneka Gandhi AIR 2002 Delhi 58.

[8] Subramanian Swamy v. Union of India AIR 2016 SC 2728

[11] Shreya Singhal v. Union of India AIR 2005 SC 1523; Writ petition (Criminal) No. 167 of 2012.

[1] Chapter XX, Uttar Pradesh Police Regulations and Police Act 1861

[5] Justice KS Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2019) 1 SCC 1

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