INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

THE CRIME OF FORTIFICATION AND THE DOGMA OF IMPEDIMENT IN THE INVESTOR STATE DISPUTES (By- Yash Patil)

Authors: Yash Patil

Registration ID: 101011 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA1011

Year : July-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: yashpatilm97@gmail.com

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0045

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2022-62427946/Yash Patil

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6963006164380856320

SHOULD COMMUNITY INTERESTS AGAINST AIRCRAFT NOISE POLLUTION BE GIVEN UP FOR THE GREATER GOOD?: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BRITISH AIRWAYS V. PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY(By-Dhiyaaneswar D T )

Authors: Dhiyaaneswar D T

Registration ID: 101010 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA1010

Year : July-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: dhiyaaneswar.dt@law.christuniversity.in

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0045

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2022-98283436/Dhiyaaneswar D T

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6962710130874298368

PREVALENCE OF HETERONORMITIVITY IN THE CONCEPTION OF FAMILY IN INDIA (By-Ifrah Barge)

Authors: Ifrah Barge

Registration ID: 101009 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA1009

Year : July-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: ifrah.barge2002@gmail.com

Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0029

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2022-87832536/ Ifrah Barge

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6962709834819358720

Fundamental Right To Privacy In Digital Age: An Analysis Of The Impact Of Judgment Of Justice K. S. Puttaswamy In Cyber Crimes (By- Prerana Anand & Dr. Sirish Kulkarni)

Authors: Prerana Anand & Dr. Sirish Kulkarni

Registration ID: 101007 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA1007, IJLRA1008

Year : July-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: Prerana Anand-prerana1973chocopie@gmail.com & Dr. Sirish Kulkarni-sdkulkarni@symlaw.ac.in

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0049

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2022-98364634/Prerana Anand & Dr. Sirish Kulkarni

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6962390838555365376

An Analysis on Domestic Violence Act In India (By-Mahalakshmi Vaishnabi)

Authors: Mahalakshmi Vaishnabi

Registration ID: 101006 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA1006

Year : July-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: mituvaishnabi@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0049

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2022-27754626/Mahalakshmi Vaishnabi

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6962389541936615424

CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRAINTS UNDER ARTICLE 19 (By-Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar)

Authors: Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar

Registration ID: 101005 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA1005

Year : July-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shegaonkarkalyani@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0042

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2022-47727154/Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6962389201854062592

Terrorism And Cyber Crimes (By- Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar)

Authors: Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar

Registration ID: 101004 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA1004

Year : July-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: shegaonkarkalyani@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0042

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2022-73312164/Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6962388873704321024

Administrative Law: A Tool Against Illegal Detention (By: Abhipsa Mohapatra & Naisargika Mishra)

Authors: Abhipsa Mohapatra & Naisargika Mishra

Registration ID: 101001 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA1001

Year : July-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: Abhipsa Mohapatra-abhipsa1504@gmail.com & Naisargika Mishra-naisargika2000@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0044

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2022-41334641/Abhipsa Mohapatra & Naisargika Mishra

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6961580749909053440

Marketing in Metaverse and the accompanying IP issues (By-Krishnadev K)

Authors: Krishnadev K

Registration ID: 101001 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA1001

Year : July-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id: krishnadevkoloth@gmail.com

Page No : 11 | No of times Downloads: 0041

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2022-21589175/Krishnadev K

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6961292363226853376

Building Back Better: Deciphering India’s Post-Pandemic Fiscal Policies For Inclusive Recovery (By-Sulochana Anu)

Authors: Sulochana Anu

Registration ID: 101000 | Published Paper ID: IJLRA1000

Year : July-2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 7
Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Doi Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2022-19632421/Sulochana Anu
Page No : 12 | No of times Downloads: 0045

Paper Linkedin Url : https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6961291484901859328

Email Id: anu.nice@gmail.com

International journal for legal research and analysis

Abbreviation:IJLRA

ISSN:2582-6433

Website:https://www.ijlra.com/

Accessibility:Open Access

License:Creative Commons 4.0

Submit Manuscript:Click here

Licensing:

All research articles published INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS are fully open access. i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

[1] Oneal, J., Oneal, F., Maoz, Z. and Russett, B., 1996. The Liberal Peace: Interdependence, Democracy, and International Conflict, 1950-85. Journal of Peace Research, 33(1), pp.11-28.

[2] Foreign Direct Investment for Development, Maximising benefits, Minimising Costs, OECD, 2002 Oecd.org. 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/investment/investmentfordevelopment/1959815.pdf [Accessed 2^nd May 2022].

[3] Helena Sprenger and Bouke Boersma, The Importance of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) When Investing in Emerging Markets, Americanbar.org. 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.americanbar.org/groups/business_law/publications/blt/2014/03/01_sprenger/ [Accessed 4^th May 2022]. Houthoff.com. 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.houthoff.com/-/media/Houthoff/Publications/bboersma/Investment_treaties.pdf [Accessed 4^th May 2022].

[4] Antonio R. Parra, ICSID and the Rise of Bilateral Investment Treaties: Will ICSID be the Leading Arbitration Institution in the Early 21st Century?, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL MEETING (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW) Vol. 94 (April 5-8, 2000), pp. 41-43, (May. 08, 2022, 10:16 PM) https://www.jstor.org/stable/25659347?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

[5] Christoph Schreuer, Investments, International Protection, Univie.ac.at. 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.univie.ac.at/intlaw/wordpress/pdf/investments_Int_Protection.pdf [Accessed 9th May 2022].

[6] Douglas, Z., n.d. The international law of investment claims. (2012)

[7] Tokios Tokelés v. Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/18, Decision on Jurisdiction (April 29, 2004) ¶74. Icsidfiles.worldbank.org. 2022. [online] Available at: http://icsidfiles.worldbank.org/icsid/icsidblobs/OnlineAwards/C220/DC2232_en.pdf [Accessed 16th May 2022].

[8] Yackee, Jason W., Investment Treaties and Investor Corruption: An Emergent Defense for Host States? (October 19, 2011). Virginia Journal of International Law, Forthcoming, Univ. of Wisconsin Legal Studies Research Paper No. 1181, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1946341

[9] Ferry Ardiyanto, Foreign Direct Investment and Corruption, 2-12 (2012), Mountainscholar.org. 2022. [online] Available at: https://mountainscholar.org/bitstream/handle/10217/71542/Ardiyanto_colostate_0053A_11539.pdf [Accessed 19^th May 2022].

[10] Margareta Habazin, Investor Corruption as a Defence strategy of Host States in International Investment Arbitration: Investors Corrupt acts gives an unfair advantage to Host States in Investment Arbitration, 18 CARDOZO JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION, 805-828 (2017).

[11] Metal-Tech Ltd v The Republic of Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/10/, Award (October 4, 2013).

[12] United Nations, Declaration against Corruption and Bribery in International Commercial Transactions, (December 16, 1996), 36 Int’l Legal Materials 1043 (1997); UN General Assembly, United Nation Convention Against Corruption, (October 31, 2003), A/58/422.

[13] World Duty Free Company Limited v The Republic of Kenya, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/7, award (October 4, 2006) ¶172., Yukos Universal Ltd. V. The Russian Federation, UNCITRAL, PCA Case No. AA 227 (July 18, 2014), ¶1369., Gustav FW Hamster GmbH & Co KG v. Republic of Ghana, ICSID Case no. ARB/07/24, Award (June 18, 2010), ¶123.

[14] Florian Haugeneder, Corruption in Investor-State Arbitration, 10(3) J. WORLD INV. & TRADE 323, 330 (2009).

[15] Florian Haugeneder, Investment Arbitration - Corruption and Investment Arbitration: Substantive Standards and Proof, KLUWER ARBITRATION, 1-31, 2012, Law.yale.edu. 2022. [online] Available at: https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/sela/Haugeneder_Liebscher_Corruption.pdf [Accessed 21st May 2022].

[18] World Duty Free Comp. v. Republic of Kenya, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/7, Award (Oct. 4, 2006) ¶181.

[19] ICC Case No. 7047 (1994); Wena Hotels Ltd v The Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/98/4, Award (December 8, 2000); ICC Case No. 3916(1982).

[20] Nartnirun Junngam, Public Policy in International Investment Law: The Confluence of the Three Unruly Horses, 51 TEXAS INT’L LJ, 67-100 (2016)

[21] Zachary Douglas, The Plea of Illegality in Investment Treaty Arbitration, 29(1) ICSID REV., 180, (2014). World Duty Free Comp. v Republic of Kenya, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/7, Award (Oct. 4, 2006), ¶162 & 179.

[22] Metal-Tech Ltd. v. Republic of Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/10/3, Award (Oct. 4, 2013) ¶389

[23] Mark W Friedman, Corruption in International Arbitration: Challenges and Consequences, GLO. ARB. REV. (2017)

[24] Andrew Newcombe, The Question of Admissibility of Claims in Investment Treaty Arbitration, KLUWER ARBITRATION BLOG (2010).

[25] Florian Haugeneder, Investment Arbitration - Corruption and Investment Arbitration: Substantive Standards and Proof, KLUWER ARB., 1-31, (2012)

[26] Desert Line Projects LLC v. The Republic of Yemen, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/17, Award (February 6, 2008) ¶120; Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide v Philippines, ICSID Case No ARB/03/25, IIC 299, Award (August 16, 2007) ¶346. Inmaris Perestroika Sailing Maritime Services GmbH v Ukraine, ICSID Case No ARB/08/0, IIC 431, Decision on Jurisdiction (March 8, 2010), ¶140; H & H Enterprises Investments Inc v Arab republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No ARB/09/15, IIC 542, Decision on Jurisdiction (June 5, 2012), ¶52-54; Railroad Development Corp v Guatemala, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/23, Award (June 29, 2012), ¶144-7.

[27] Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide v Philippines, ICSID Case No ARB/03/25.

[28] Greenwald, B. and Greenwald, B., 2022. The Viability of Corruption Defenses in Investment Arbitration When the State Does Not Prosecute. [online] EJIL: Talk!. Available at: https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-viability-of-corruption-defenses-in-investment-arbitration-when-the-state-does-not-prosecute/ [Accessed 23^rd May 2022].

[29] Metal-Tech Ltd. v. The Republic of Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No ARB/10/3, Award (October 4, 2013) ¶110.

[30] Investment Treaty News. 2022. Metal-Tech v. Uzbekistan - Investment Treaty News. [online] Available at: https://www.iisd.org/itn/en/2018/10/18/metal-tech-v-uzbekistan/ [Accessed 26 May 2022].

[31] Metal-Tech Ltd. v. The Republic of Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No ARB/10/3, Award (October 4, 2013) ¶421.

[32] Wena Hotels Ltd. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/98/4, Award (Decembers 8, 2000) ¶116.

[33] Saleh, S., Dehaudt-Delville, Y., Mittal, A. and Scherer, M., 2022. Protection of States' Diplomatic Assets in France - Kluwer Arbitration Blog. [online] Kluwer Arbitration Blog. Available at: http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2018/02/21/protection-states-diplomatic-assets-france/ [Accessed 31^st May 2022].

[34] International Law Commission, Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Art. 7, (2001).

[35] L.C. MacGibbon, Estoppel in International Law, 7, INT'L & CO. L.Q., 512 (1958).

[36] Charles T. Kotuby, General Principles of Law, International Due Process and the Modern Role of Private International Law, 23 DUKE J. OF COMP. AND INT.L.423-428 (2013).

[37] Andreas Kulick, About the Order of Cart and Horse, Among Other Things: Estoppel in the Jurisprudence of International Investment Arbitration Tribunals, 27 EURO. J. OF INT. L, 108-115 (2016).

[38] Derek Bowett, Estoppel before International Tribunals and Its Relation to Acquiescence, 33 BYIL. 176,202 (1958); Pan American Energy LLC v. Argentina, ICSID Case no. ARB/03/13, Award (July 27, 2006) ¶151.

[39] Maziar Jamnejad, World Duty Free v The Republic of Kenya: a Unique Precedent? Chathamhouse.org. 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/International%20Law/il280307.pdf [Accessed 3^rd June 2022].

[40] Government of the Province of East Kalimantan v. PT Kaltim Prima Coal et al., ICSID Case No. ARB/07/3, Award (Dec. 28, 2009), ¶211.

[41] International Law Commission, Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Nov. 2001, Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10), chap. IV.E.1.

[42] Divina Law. 2022., Camille I. Aromas, The Corruption Defence: An Asymmetrical Treatment Between the Investor and the Host State | DivinaLaw. [online] Available at: https://www.divinalaw.com/news-and-updates/the-corruption-defence-an-asymmetrical-treatment-between-the-investor-and-the-host-state/ [Accessed 3^rd June 2022].

[43] Howard Whitton, Implementing effective ethics standards in Government and the Civil Service, Oecd.org. 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/mena/governance/35521740.pdf [Accessed 3^rd June 2022].

[44] Public Policy - General Principles: As to the first, in 1 CHITTY ON CONTRACTS at ¶17-007 (7 ed.).

[45] World Duty Free Comp. v. Republic of Kenya, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/7, Award (Oct. 4, 2006) ¶181.

[46] Plama Consortium Ltd. v. Republic of Bulgaria, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/24, Award (Aug. 27, 2008), ¶141.

[47] ALOYSIUS P. LLAMZON, CORRUPTION IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT ARBITRATION (2014).

[48] Carolyn B. Lamm, Fundamental Rules of Procedure: Who’s Due Process, is it? (2014), 2022. [online] Available at: https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/media_document/lamm_fundamental_rules_of_procedure_whose_due_process_is_it.pdf [Accessed 5^th June 2022].

[50] Jason Summerfield, The Corruption Defence in Investment Disputes: A Discussion of the Imbalance Between International Discourse and Arbitral Decisions, 7 TDM 1 (2009).

[51] Metal-Tech Ltd v The Republic of Uzbekistan (ICSID Case No. ARB/10/3)

[52] Norton Rose Fulbright - Ruth Cowley, Investor corruption: Bribery at centre of failed investor claim, Lexology. 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=7b77aafd-36bb-4092-8b02-bd0a4f31b8de [Accessed 6^th June 2022].

[53] Jason Yackee, Investment Treaty News. 2022. Investment Treaties and Investor Corruption: An Emerging Defense for Host States? - Investment Treaty News. [online] Available at: https://www.iisd.org/itn/en/2012/10/19/investment-treaties-and-investor-corruption-an-emerging-defense-for-host-states/ [Accessed 6^th June 2022].

[54] Michaela Halpern, Corruption as a complete Defence in Investment Arbitration or part of a balance? 23 WILL. J. OF INT. L. & DIS. RES., 297-318 (2016)

[55] Zachary Douglas, The Plea of Illegality in Investment Treaty Arbitration, 29 ICSID REV.,180, (2014). World Duty Free Comp. v Republic of Kenya, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/7, Award (Oct. 4, 2006), ¶162 & 179.

[56] Cisarbitration.com. 2022. Metal-Tech v Uzbekistan: No Jurisdiction Because of Corruption: CIS Arbitration Forum – Online Journal about Dispute Resolution in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus and the Region. [online] Available at: http://www.cisarbitration.com/2013/12/16/metal-tech-v-uzbekistan-no-jurisdiction-because-of-corruption/ [Accessed 6^th June 2022].

[1] I.H. Diederiks-Verschoor, An Introduction to Air Law (8^th ed. 2006).

[2] Basner, M., Clark, C., Hansell, A., Hileman, J., Janssen, S., Shepherd, K. and Sparrow, V., Aviation Noise Impacts: State of the Science, PubMed Central, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5437751/ (Accessed 1 August 2022).

[3] Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), art. 33, 61 Stat. 1180, T.I.A.S.

No. 1591 (1946)

[4] Ricarda L. Bennett, Airport Noise Litigation: Case Law Review, 47 J. Air L. & Com. 449 (1982); Supra note 1.

[6] Robert B. Donin, British Airways V. Port Authority: Its Impact on Aircraft Noise Regulation, 43 J. Air L. & Com. 691 (1977).

[7] Michael W. Pearson & Daniel S Riley, Foundations of Aviation Law 35 (2015)

[13] ICAO, Aircraft Noise, https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/pages/noise.aspx (last visited Aug 3, 2022).

[14] O. Zaporozhets, Aviation Noise Impact Management 29 (Springer, 2022).

[15] United Nations (General Assembly), International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. U.N.T.S. 999 (December, 1966)

[16] Timothy F. Burr, Local Regulation of SST Flights in the United States: British Airways Board v. Port Authority of New York, 10 University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 234-235 (1978).

[19] Office of Sustainability, Top-Down versus Bottom-Up: Two Approaches to Sustainability https://sustainability.wisc.edu/top-down-bottom-up-sustainability/ (Accessed 02 August 2022)

[3] Naaz Foundation v Government of NCT of New Delhi and Others, WP[C] No. 7455/2001.

[4] Suresh Kumar Koushal v. Naz Foundation Civil Appeal No. 10972 OF 2013.

[5] Abhijeet Iyer Mitra v. Union of India, WP [C] No. 6371/2020 & CM Appl. No. 22554/2020.

[6] Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India AIR 2018 SC 4321.

[7] Akshita Saxena, ‘Marriage Permissible Only Between Biological Man & Woman; Navtej Johar Case Doesn’t Recognize Same-Sex Marriage: Centre Tells Delhi High Court’,Live Law (India, 25 October 2021) last accessed 31^st October,2021.

https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/same-sex-marriage-delhi-high-court-centre-says-marriage-between-biological-man-and-woman-only-184235

[8] Nayantara Ravichandran, ‘Legal Recognition Of Same-Sex Relationships In India’,Manupatra https://docs.manupatra.in/newsline/articles/Upload/B07BDF52-0AA4-4881-96AC-C742B9DB217D.pdf last accessed 31^st October,2021.

[9] Yashika, and Sarita, ‘A Light on the Socio-Economic Status of the Transgenders’ (2020),https://www.ijlmh.com/a-light-on-the-socio-economic-status-of-the-transgenders/ last accessed 31^st October,2021.

[10] Malavika Rajkumar, ‘The Challenges faced by Transpersons in India’ (2018),https://medium.com/one-future/the-challenges-faced-by-transpersons-in-india-fa46575ca14d last accessed 31^st October,2021.

[14] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019, s2(c).

[15] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019, s3.

[16] Arijeet Ghosh, Diksha Sannal, ‘How Can Families be Imagined Beyond Kinship and Marriage?’ (2019),https://www.epw.in/engage/article/how-can-families-be-imagined-beyond-kinship-and-marriage last accessed 31^st October,2021.

[17].Grace Banu Ganeshan & Ors. v. Union of India & Anr vs. Union of India &Anr. (2020).

[18] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019, s12(3).

[21] Indra Sarma. Vs. VKV Sarma. 2014 [1] RCR [Crl]; 179. [SC].

[22] Lata Singh v. the State of U.P [2006] 5 SCC 475.

[24] Badri Prasad Vs. Dy. Director of Consolidation & Ors., AIR 1978 SC.

[25] Balasubramanyam v/s Suruttayan Alias Andali Padayachi and Others. Civil Appeal No. 1188 of 1982.

[26] Chanmuniya v. Virendra Kumar Singh Kushwaha, (2011) 1 SCC 141.

[27] Priya Sepaha, ‘Live-in Relationships in India: Laws and Challenges’ (2021), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351358748_Live-in_Relationship_in_India_Laws_and_Challenge last accessed 31^st October,2021.

[28] Anthony Giddens and Philip.W.Sutton, Sociology(7^th edn, John Wiley &Sons).

[1] Silicon is a semiconductor. It is a substance whose electrical conductivity can be manipulated. Computer chips are in essence tiny assault courses for electrons. The first integrated circuit - as computer chips were originally created by an engineer named Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments on 12 September 1958. Kilby's chip was made of germanium that is another semiconducting element. But within months a team led by Robert Noyce at a rival company, Fairchild Electronics, created a chip based on silicon. The entire modern computing industry can trace its lineage back to this one chip, though modern chips are millions of times more complex. Indeed, the miracle of the modern microprocessor is the vast number of transistors the industry has learned to pack on to a tiny wafer of silicon. Retrieved from:<http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28600802> visited on 3 October, 2017.

[2]Database, Law Journal Library, 60 Vand. L. Rev. 1 (2007) p. 196.

[4]The Second Treatise of Government remains a cornerstone of Western Political Philosophy. Locke's theory of government based on the Sovereignty of the people has been extraordinarily influential since its publication in 1690--the concept of the modern liberal-democratic state is rooted in Locke's writings. Locke's Second Treatise starts with a liberal premise of a community of free, equal individuals, all possessed of natural rights. Retrieved from:<http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/locke/section1.rhtml> visited on 1^st October 2017.

[7] Inalienable means: Something that is not subject to alienation (separation); the characteristic of those things which cannot be bought or sold or transferred from one person to another, such as rivers and public highways, and certain personal rights; e. g., liberty. Inalienable; incapable of being aliened, that is, sold and transferred. Retrieved from:<https://www.nationallibertyalliance.org/files/footnotes/Rights.pdf>visited on 2 October 2017.

[8]Justice K S Puttaswamy (retd.), and anr. versus Union of India and ors. Delivered on 24 August, 2017 by Supreme Court of India.

[9]JOHN STUART MILL, ON LIBERTY13 (Batoche Books 1859).

[11] James Madison, “Essay on Property”, in Gaillard Hunt ed., The Writings of James Madison (1906), Vol. 6, at pages 101-103.

[12] Will Thomas DeVries, Protecting Privacy in the Digital Age, Berkeley Technology Law Journal, Volume 18 Issue 1, 19 January 2003

[13] Samuel D. Warren & Louis D. Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, 4 HARV. L. REV. 205 (1890).

[14] Though many contemporary accounts attribute the modern conception of the ‘right to privacy’ to the Warren and Brandeis article, historical material indicates that it was Thomas Cooley who adopted the phrase “the right to be let alone”, in his Treatise on the Law of Torts. Thomas Cooley, Treatise on the Law of Torts (1888), 2nd edition, p. 28. Discussing personal immunity, Cooley stated: “the right of one’s person may be said to be a right of complete immunity; the right to be alone.

[15] Warren and Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, Harvard Law Review (1890), Vol.4, No. 5, 195-196.

[16] Jerry Berman & Deirdre Mulligan, The Internet and the Law: Privacy in the Digital Age: A Work in Progress, 23 NOVA L. REV. 554- 556 (1999).

[17] Joseph S. Fulda, Data Mining and Privacy, 11 ALB. L.J. SCI. & TECH. 105 (2000).

[19] K. Pandey, “Low security makes natives vulnerable to cybercrimes”, 2012. Available at: http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ indore/31863717_1_cyber-crimes-cyber-cellcyber-criminals.

[20] Nicholas Cowdery AM QC, “EMERGING TRENDS IN CYBER CRIME”, International Association of Prosecutors 13th Annual Conference New Technologies in Crime and Prosecution: Challenges and Opportunities, Singapore, 27-31 August 2008, http://www.odpp.nsw.gov.au/docs/default-source/speeches-by-nicholas-cowdery/emerging-trends-in-cyber-crime.pdf?sfvrsn=2.

[21] Sean M. Zadigand Gurvirender Tejay, “Emerging Cybercrime Trends: Legal, Ethical, and Practical Issues”, Retrieved from:http://www.irma-international.org/viewtitle/59936/> visited on 1 October, 2017.

[22] Louise Ellison and YamanAkdeniz, “Cyber-stalking: the Regulation of Harassment on the Internet”, http://www.cyber-rights.org/documents/stalking_article.pdf, visited on 2 October 2017.

[23]Retrieved from:http://www.informaticsjournals.com/index.php/gjeis/article/viewFile/3059/2143 visited on 4 October 2017.

[24] Retrieved from:https://www.cnet.com/news/protecting-yourself-from-vishing-attacks/, visited on 4 October, 2017.

[25] The Copyright Act, 1957 has been amended four times so far in 1983, 1984, 1992 and 1999. http://vle.du.ac.in/file.php/697/Cyber_Crimes_Cyber_Security_and_Legal_Aspects/Introduction_to_Cyber_Crimes_Cyber_Security.pdf.

[26]Justice K S Puttaswamy (Retd.) versus the Union of India, 2017 SC.

[27]The Information Technology Act, 2000 as amended in 2008: Section 66-C deals with the Punishment for identity theft and Section 66-D deals with the Punishment for cheating by impersonation by using computer resource

[28]Dalal P. Awareness of Cyber Law in India. 2010. Available at: http:// cyberlawsinindia.blogspot.in/2010/05/awareness-of-cyber-law-in- india.html, visited on 5 October, 2017.

[29] William L. Prosser, Privacy, 48 CAL. L. REV. 383 (1960), quoted in Justice K S Puttaswamy (Retd.) versus the Union of India, 2017 SC.

[30]Michael L. Rustad and SannaKulevska, Conceptualizing the right to be forgotten to Enable Transatlantic Data Flow, 28 Harv.J.L. & Tech. 349.

[1] https://www.who.int/, World Health Organisation, (5^th August 2022, 7:00pm)

[2] THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005

[3] Code of Criminal Procedure 1973. ACT NO. 2 OF 1974. [25th January, 1974.]

[9] Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, No. 43 OF 2005

[10] Indian Penal Code, ACT NO. 45 OF 1860. 1. [6th October, 1860].

[13] 1993 ACT NO. 10 OF 1994 [8th January, 1994.]

[15] Punishment For Domestic Violence In India, LawCorner, (November 4, 2021) https://lawcorner.in/punishment-for-domestic-violence-in-india/ (last visited on 3^rd August , 2022, 8:00pm)

[23] THE CRIMINAL LAW (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2013. No. 13 OF 2013. [2nd April, 2013].

[1] UN doc. E/CN.4/1999/63, Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention

[2] Janet Portman, What Is an Arrest?, NOLO, (Sept 13,2021, 6:50 AM) https://www.nolo.com/legalencyclopedia/justifies-arrest-probable-cause.html

[3]Habeas Corpus, Merriam-Webster, (Sept 14, 2021, 6:30 PM) https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/habeas corpus.

[4] Ummu Sabeena v. State of Kerala, (2011) 10 SCC 781, 15-16.

[8] IP MESSEY, EBC’s Administrative Law, 415(9^TH edition Reprint 2021)

[10] AIR 1986 SC 494, 1986 CriLJ 192, 1985 (2) SCALE 1117, (1985) 4 SCC 677, 1986 (1) UJ 458 SC ¹¹ Article 21

[13] The Sikh Coalition, Custodial Deaths in Punjab; (20th Sept 2021, 6:14 PM)1997-2001, http://www.sikhcoalition. org/HumanRights4.asp

[15] Dr. Swati Zalpuri, Training package on administrative law, J&K IMPA(Jammu)

[16] Anukul Chandra Pradhan v. Union of India AIR 1997, SC 2814

[17] Jasir Aftab, Preventive Detention Laws in India: A tool for executive tyranny?, ( Sept 30, 2021, 1:20 AM) https://www.theleaflet.in/preventive-detention-laws-in-india-a-tool-for-executive-tyranny/

[19] Dissent and Detention: On Dr. Kafeel Khan (Oct 1,2021, 11:30 PM)

[7] https://blog.alleninteractions.com/the-foundation-of-the-metaverse-centralization-versus-decentralization

[8] https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/feature/Examples-of-the-metaverse-for-business-and-IT-leaders

[9] https://www.techdirt.com/2011/01/06/second-life-dragged-into-legal-dispute-over-copyright-virtual-horses-virtual-bunnies/

[10] https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/protecting-intellectual-property-in-metaverse/article65408301.ece

[12] https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=5dbc81b1-4e40-4365-b232-eb611e907e66

THE CRIME OF FORTIFICATION AND THE DOGMA OF IMPEDIMENT IN THE INVESTOR STATE DISPUTES (By- Yash Patil)

SHOULD COMMUNITY INTERESTS AGAINST AIRCRAFT NOISE POLLUTION BE GIVEN UP FOR THE GREATER GOOD?: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BRITISH AIRWAYS V. PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY(By-Dhiyaaneswar D T )

PREVALENCE OF HETERONORMITIVITY IN THE CONCEPTION OF FAMILY IN INDIA (By-Ifrah Barge)

Fundamental Right To Privacy In Digital Age: An Analysis Of The Impact Of Judgment Of Justice K. S. Puttaswamy In Cyber Crimes (By- Prerana Anand & Dr. Sirish Kulkarni)

An Analysis on Domestic Violence Act In India (By-Mahalakshmi Vaishnabi)

CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRAINTS UNDER ARTICLE 19 (By-Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar)

Terrorism And Cyber Crimes (By- Kalyani Ravindra Shegaonkar)

Administrative Law: A Tool Against Illegal Detention (By: Abhipsa Mohapatra & Naisargika Mishra)

Marketing in Metaverse and the accompanying IP issues (By-Krishnadev K)

Building Back Better: Deciphering India’s Post-Pandemic Fiscal Policies For Inclusive Recovery (By-Sulochana Anu)

LAW JOURNAL

IMPORTANT LINKS

ETHICS & POLICY

Citation 2

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation

Citation