Open Access Research Article

DILEMMA OF OWNERSHIP OVER AI GENERATED ARTWORKS: AN IP OVERVIEW BY – ATUL BHATT, TUSHMI UDYALAK & SUHASINI

Author(s):
ATUL BHATT TUSHMI UDYALAK SUHASINI
Journal IJLRA
ISSN 2582-6433
Published 2023/07/03
Access Open Access
Issue 7
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[1] Jair Ribeiro, ‘Introduction to Inductive Learning in Artificial Intelligence’ (Medium, April 28, 2021)
  accessed December 26, 2022.
[2] AI Data, ‘How do you train artificial intelligence’ (TELUSInternational, May 19, 2021) accessed December 26, 2022.
[3] James Manyika and Jake Silberg, ‘Tackling Bias in Artificial Intelligence (and in Humans)’ accessed November 9, 2022.
[4] Aditya Ramesh, ‘DALL·E: Creating Images from Text’ accessed October 13, 2022.
[5]https://ersj.eu/journal/1245/download/Legal+Status+of+Artificial+Intelligence+Across+Countries%3A+Legislation+on+the+Move.pdf
[6] Boyden B, “Emergent Works”, (2016) 39 COLUM. J.L. & ARTS 377, 384-88.
[7] OpenAI, “Sharing and Publication Policy” accessed November 16, 2022.
[8] OpenAI, “Terms of Use” < https://openai.com/terms/> accessed December 4, 2022.
[9] Guadamuz A, “DALL-E goes commercial, but what about copyright?” < https://www.technollama.co.uk/dall%C2%B7e-goes-commercial-but-what-about-copyright> accessed December 4, 2022.
[10] Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation).
[11] Ibid.
[12] Jorawer Singh Mundy v Union of India and Ors (2021) Del 2306 (SCC Online).
[13] S.M. Dyechem Ltd. v Cadbury (India) Ltd (2000) AIR SCW 2172.
[14] Blog, ‘A Deep Look at Digital Art and Social Media’ (Artwork Archive) accessed December 20, 2022.
[15] A popular online service provider of photographs, videos and related media on subscription or pay-per-click model.
[16] Benj Edwards, ‘Shutterstock partners with OpenAI to sell AI-generated artwork, compensates artists’ (arsTECHNICA, October 25, 2022)  accessed December 19, 2022.
[17] 17 United States Code § 102.
[18] Naruto v Slater 888 F.3d 418 (9th Cir. 2018).
[19] Ibid.
[20] Toliver Z, ‘Settlement Reached: ‘Monkey Selfie’ case broke new grounds for animal rights’
> accessed December 5, 2022.
[21] CoStar Grp Inc. v LoopNet Inc 373 F.3d 544, 546-47 (4th Cir. 2004).
[22] Infopaq International A/S v Danske Dagblades Forening (2009) ECLI:EU:C:2009:465 Case C-5/08.
[23] Edward Elgar (ed), The governance of IP in EU and China (Edward Elgar Publishing: 2016).
[24] Janne Ihalainen, ‘Computer creativity: Artificial Intelligence and Copyright’ (2018) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice Vol 13 Issue 9.
[25] Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988.
[26] J.C. Ginsburg, ‘The concept of authorship in comparative copyright law’ (2002) DePaul L. Rev., 52, p.1063.
[27] Directive 2006/116/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights.
[28] WIPO Copyright Treaty, Article 1; TRIPs, art 2(2).
[29] Rehan, ‘Who Owns Computer Generated Works’ (Learn and Digest Blog, June 2014) accessed December 2, 2022.
[30] Edmond De Belamy (Obvious Art) <https://obvious-art.com/edmond-de-belamy.html> accessed December 23, 2022.
[31] A J Dellinger, ‘AI-generated painting sells for $432,000 at auction’ (End Gadget, October 25, 2018) < https://www.engadget.com/2018-10-25-ai-generated-painting-sells-for-432-000-at-auction.html#:~:text=It%20was%20expected%20to%20fetch,based%20art%20collective%20called%20Obvious> accessed December 20, 2022.
[32] Blog (Deep Mind) < https://www.deepmind.com/blog> accessed December 24, 2022.
[33] D. Kehoe, ‘Designing Artificial Intelligence for Games’ (2009) Intel Developer Zone Papers, accessed December 20, 2022.
[34] Publications (Deep Mind) accessed December 20, 2022.  
[35] Ryan Abbott, ‘I Think, Therefore I Invent: Creative Computers and the Future of Patent Law’, 57 B.C. L. Rev. 1079 (2016).
[36] P Kapoor, ‘Approaches to measuring the intelligence of machines by quantifying them’ (2015) International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 10(4), pp. 81-83.
[37] EC Council: Ethical Hackers accessed December 18, 2022.

Article Information

DILEMMA OF OWNERSHIP OVER AI GENERATED ARTWORKS: AN IP OVERVIEW BY – ATUL BHATT, TUSHMI UDYALAK & SUHASINI

Authors: ATUL BHATT, TUSHMI UDYALAK, SUHASINI

  • Journal IJLRA
  • ISSN 2582-6433
  • Published 2023/07/03
  • Issue 7
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International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis

  • Abbreviation IJLRA
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