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A CRITICAL STUDY ON CHALLENGES FACED BY THE DISABLED PERSONS: IN RESPECT TO THE ACT “RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES” OF 2016
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A CRITICAL STUDY ON CHALLENGES FACED BY THE DISABLED PERSONS:
IN RESPECT TO THE ACT “RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES” OF 2016
AUTHORED BY
- YESHWANTH SHARMA P & TRIVENI T
ABSTRACT
One of the most devalued groups in
society is the one that includes people with impairments. People who are physically
disabled encounter several difficulties in making a living. Due to their
limited range of motion, physical limitations, or lack of locomotor skills,
physically handicapped people must cope with a tremendous lot of uncertainty.
For the most part, handicapped people cannot access public buildings, private
workplaces, or other infrastructure. This is a significant difficulty because
there is no appropriate inclusive education system for people with
disabilities. Many impairments, such as those caused by congenital defects,
hunger, and other factors, can be avoided. Disability rates are rising daily as
a result of a lack of cheap access to quality healthcare. Despite the fact that
they are capable of performing useful labour, handicapped people are always
seen negatively. Their rates of employment are not comparable. There are
extremely limited chances for employment for handicapped people in the private
sector. The accessibility of buildings, transportation, bathrooms, etc. is a
constant problem for them. In the workplace, disabled individuals often
encounter hostile attitudes. Due to a lack of work opportunities and/or
education, some handicapped persons are unable to escape poverty. Therefore, in
2016, the Indian government introduced the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, a law for
people with disabilities, to empower people with disabilities and to foster
reliance and virtue in the workplace as well as in the society. According to
the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act of 2016, there is just a 3% to 4%
quantum of reservation for handicapped people in government positions and a 3%
to 5% quantum in higher education institutions. The rights of persons with
disabilities act, 2016, needs to be amended with new reservation rates, the
implementation of appropriate education, healthcare, transportation, and other
services, according to the paper's discussion of the various problems and
difficulties faced by people with disabilities.
KEY WORDS:
Person with disabilities , Challenges of
disabled persons , Educational laws , Health laws and Rights of disabled
persons.
A disability
(Participation restriction) is any physical or mental condition (impairment)
that makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to engage in
specific activities (activity limitation) or interact with the environment
around them.[1]The Indian
Constitution states in Article 15(1) that it is illegal to discriminate against
anyone (including those who are disabled) based on their place of birth, sex,
race, caste, or religion. In a similar vein, Article 15(2) rejects the practice
of imposing any legal requirements or restrictions on the disabled when they
enter when they use tanks, wells, and roadways, as well as public dining
establishments, shops, entertainment centres, and lodging facilities. The
constitution guarantees that individuals with disabilities have the right to
employment in any context without facing discrimination. Article 17 states that
no Indian (including those who are disabled) will be considered as an
untouchable.The right to liberty and lifetime for the disabled is guaranteed by
Article 21.Forced work and the practice of trafficking in people with
disabilities are prohibited by Article 23. Equality and non discrimination are
guaranteed by Article 5 of the constitution. States Parties are required to
outlaw all forms of discrimination against people with disabilities and to
ensure that they have fair and effective legal protection from discrimination
based on any other parameter.[2]
THE INTERPRETATION OF RIGHTS OF
PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ACT,2016
A
medical definition is included in the 1995 Persons with Disabilities (Equal
Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act. Section 2(t)
defines a "person with disability" as someone who has at least 40% of
any handicap, as determined by a medical authority. There are many different
forms of disabilities, including those that affect speech, hearing, locomotion,
mental health, and vision. After the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act
was passed in 2016, the number of distinct impairments expanded from 7 to 21.
The statute included other conditions such as autism, spectrum disorder, acid
attack victims, Parkinson's illness, etc.[3]The above given definition being the only
definition available makes the interpretation of the disabilities harder and
thus narrows the scope of people to whom it is applicable.
INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES / TREATIES
EMPHASISING THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
The third of December is
a notable day for people with disabilities, and the UN has designated it as
"International Day of Persons with Disabilities" since 1992. The main
objectives of this day are to raise awareness of how persons with disabilities
are affected by politics, society, the economy, and culture of the contemporary
world , as well as to support their rights and well-being in all facets of
society.[4] The first
international treaty to emphasise the rights of people with disabilities and
lay out a standard of application was the United Nations Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD, 2008). The UNCRPD aims to advance,
safeguard, and ensure the fair and equitable exercise of all human rights, as
well as the fundamental liberties of PWDs, as well as to promote respect for their
inherent dignity. People who are disabled in India lead exceedingly difficult
lives while making up a sizable fraction of the country's total population.
Employers view their "disability" as their "inability," and
people have developed their own ideas about their capacities. Despite the fact
that studies frequently show that handicapped people outperform non-disabled
people in terms of productivity, there are many instances where businesses have
turned down job applicants with disabilities based on their circumstances
rather than encouraging their morale.[5]
Disability need not be a roadblock to success; rather, it should be an
extra step on the ladder to success. Despite several initiatives and campaigns,
India continues to lag behind other countries in providing infrastructure for
the individuals with impairment. So as to transform negative attitudes about
people with disabilities into positive appreciation of their qualities,
abilities, and unique rights, it is imperative that we cooperate to create a relaxed
atmosphere for them while removing limitations involved. The role of education
in bringing about societal improvements for the disabled is crucial. Therefore,
a revolution in education may take place through which social uplift and the
general course of life would be altered. To create a better society where
disabled people can tackle obstacles in life with courage and conscience, the
educational system needs to be improved.[6]
Disability is often used
as a justification for firing people during recessions, which makes
unemployment one of the main factors. Thus, it is first in line to have these
workers fired from their positions. The other employees frequently treat
disabled people unfairly since they are not provided adequate job-oriented
training.
Sanitation, a stairway, a
restaurant, a recreation area, and separate washrooms are among the essential
environmental facilities that contribute to a sustainable environment. These
amenities are also inappropriate for a working environment. People with disabilities
are subject to restrictions from the moment their physical abilities begin to
deteriorate, and they frequently feel uncomfortable and uneasy. Due to their
inability to complete tasks effectively, disabled people often experience
frustration, worry, and insecurity.[7]
Government funding and
programmes carried out by the NGO are insufficient. A significant barrier to
the long-term development of impaired people is improper financing. In general,
impoverished people are unable to cover their daily expenses and cannot
purchase or access technologies, which ultimately slows down their development.
Giving disabled people instruction from qualified professors who will teach
them how to conduct their work in unique and effective ways to improve the
general welfare of the populace, vocal and linguistic teachers should be hired.
The best way to provide them with training is to organise seminars in
auditoriums. Camps should be set up to give away free bicycles to the
underprivileged and to supply them with the necessities.[8]
If information from the
most recent National Family Health Survey, or NFHS, is taken into consideration
, the count of people with impairments in India has decreased to 1% between
2019 and 2021 from the 2.2% (26.8 million) estimates made by the Indian Census
in 2011 and the 2.2% estimates made by the National Sample Survey Report in
2018.[9]
Article 6 focuses on
women with disabilities,which recognises the different forms of discrimination
that women experience, and holds States Parties accountable for their
empowerment. To sum up those sections of the CRPD that are in close proximity
to this research. Article 9 places a strong emphasis on providing people with
disabilities with equal access to all areas of society, including information
and communication technology. According to Article 24 on Education, States
Parties are required to take the appropriate actions to guarantee
non-discrimination, inclusion, and reasonable accommodations for individuals
with disabilities in the general education system. States Parties must also
ensure that individuals with disabilities have unhindered access to general
tertiary education, vocational training, adult education, and lifelong learning
on an equal basis with others.
The 27th Article on Work
and Employment acknowledges the right to employment for individuals with
impairments, which is freely chosen and accepted on the job market, in a
setting that is accessible, welcoming, and open to all, through the appropriate
laws, labour unions, having access to job placement and training services, the
advancement of enterprise and entrepreneurship, and the avoidance of servitude,
enslavement, and compelled or forced labour. India ratified the UNCRPD in 2007
and is actively revising the 1995 PWD Act to bring disability law into
compliance with UNCRPD principles. Therefore, this is a good time to conduct an
experiment to discover how inclusive procedures are actually used—or not—in the
present socio economic environment.[10]
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES CONCERNING
The disabled persons face
various challenges in everyday life. This paper mainly focuses on: health,
education, employment, standard of living, transportation and other facilities,
stigmatization, negative attitudes.
1. EDUCATION
In order to balance
medical and occupational rehabilitation and bring about societal reforms for
the disabled, education is crucial. In India, professional teachers should be
hired to teach sign language in schools and provide specialised programmes for
people with disabilities to promote their overall development. Children must
receive mandatory education in schools about how to respect people with
disabilities .Uneducated individuals whether or not they are disabled do not
easily find employment unless they work as manual labourers, delivery men, etc.
Particularly for those who have eye ailments, problems with posture, etc.,
these tasks are not practical. There is a problem with education for people
with disabilities because none of them choose to skip school. Due to various
factors, such as their parents' desire to spare them the stigma or their
inability to comprehend what was being taught, these people may have been
forced to live their entire lives without acquiring an education.[11] Parents
of disabled children lose their employment to care for the child, falling into
a cycle of poverty where they lack the money to even provide the child the
right food and medication. Due to a lack of funding, parents of disabled
children in this situation are unable to provide for their education.
Therefore, employers do not give suitable jobs to disabled workers because of a
lack of education. Therefore, a critical component of hiring for jobs is
education. Therefore, a lack of knowledge causes communication issues in
interviews, and many people are turned down because of their ineffective
communication skills. Inadequate financial support is the main barrier to
granting children with disabilities equal access to education. There are
several funding sources, but none of them are sufficient to create and deliver the
full range of necessary services. The Indian government enacted the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, which is an important statute of the act
that was implemented to empower individuals with disabilities and to promote
confidence and dignity in society. The amount of accommodations for people with
impairments in higher education institutions has increased thanks to this act
from 3% to 5%. Therefore, because there are more disabled people, the
government should reserve more than 10% of all available seats for them as the
number of reservations is still insufficient. To create a better society where
disabled people can meet life's obstacles with courage and conscience, the
educational system needs to be improved. Despite the UN designating 1992 as the
"International Year of Literacy," Being illiterate puts disabled
people at a twofold disadvantage because it is so prevalent. They are not only
crippled, but also isolated due to illiteracy.[12]
There should be greater
diversity in the educational field by using modern teaching methods, curricular
content, and accessibility standards for classrooms, facilities, and
educational resources. Through the use of cutting-edge techniques that are best
suited to their situation, Access to education is possible for children who
have multiple disabilities or who are severely handicapped and may need a lot
of additional support. To guarantee that people with disabilities, both young
people and adults, have the ability to access training and employment
possibilities at the level of community, collaboration with the employment and
labour sectors is crucial. The social and economic integration of each person
with a handicap depends on having a productive, decent job in a supportive
setting.[13]
The system makes sure
that disabled people can benefit from disability benefits as long as they are
above 18 and have a disability rating of at least 80%. According to the Indira
Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme, this property is appropriate. To
ensure that the disabled receive their disability pension, a large number of
non-governmental organisations have adopted this path.
THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT, 2002
The 86th Amendment Act to
the Indian Constitution was passed in 2004 and gave all children within the
ages of six and fourteen the fundamental right to free and required education.
This was a component of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (Education for All)
programme, which was launched by the Indian government with the goal of
promoting the universalization of basic education.192 million children's needs
are being met by SSA, which was put into place with the assistance of the state
governments. This initiative called for the opening of new schools in areas
that had never had one before, the improvement of the existing infrastructure,
and the addition of teachers to schools that lacked a sufficient number of
teachers. The Ministry of Human Resource Development of the Government of India
stated that the main objective of SSA was to educate girls and children with
special needs. The 2009 RTE Act, which guarantees children's access to free and
compulsory education, was a direct result of this. Every child has the legal
right to "full-time elementary
education of high and equitable quality in a formal institution that respects
certain key norms and criteria." The terms "free and compulsory"
are crucial here since they imply that students accepted into publicly funded
schools won't be required to shell out money or incur expenses that would
otherwise prevent them from finishing elementary school.[14]By
"compulsory education," the central and local government authorities
indicate that the admission, attendance, and completion of the elementary level
of education shall be guaranteed and provided (Department of School Education
& Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development. Government of India).[15]
EDUCATIONAL LAWS UNDER THE INDIAN
CONSTITUTION
The right to receive
education is guaranteed to all individuals, including those with impairments.
Article 29(2) of the Constitution states that no person will be denied
admission to any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving
financial assistance from the State on the grounds of religion, race, caste, or
language. All children (including those who are disabled) are entitled to free
and compulsory education up until the age of 14 in accordance with Article 45
of the Constitution. No child may be denied admission to any educational
institution supported by the State or receiving financial aid from State
resources on the grounds of religion, race, caste, or language.[16]
2. EMPLOYMENT:
Disability is often used
as a scapegoat when people are fired during recessions, with unemployment being
a major contributing reason. When businesses implement cost-cutting measures,
it is they who are let go first because it is believed that their productivity
is lower than that of other employees. Since there is a lot of mistrust and
misinformation about this group, Many owners of enterprises think it
reflects leadership to hire someone with
a disability. People around the disabled person begin to question them when
they are unable to acknowledge their achievement and are only able to judge
them solely on their impairment. No matter how hard they try, many disabled
people find it difficult to fit in at work once they get a job since their
management assigns them minimal duties because they always underestimate.Such
circumstances infuriate people with disabilities, which can result in sadness
and a deterioration in self-esteem.[17]
Radical socioeconomic
changes have been brought about by modernization and urbanisation, while the
shift from an agrarian to an industrial economy also brought about challenges
in the field of employment. People with disabilities experience challenges
using newly developed technologies. People are unable to adapt to newly
developed technology because of a lack of education. Due to discrimination by
other workers, many people decide against finding employment. Poverty results
from people being forced to perform unskilled labour for a slice of bread due
to a lack of employment opportunities.[18]
Despite the fact that
many disabled persons are capable of performing useful labour, their employment
rates are much lower than those of the general population. Since there are many
fewer disabled workers in the private sector, the situation is significantly
worse. For the growth of disabled people's employment, numerous programmes have
been created . In order to provide financial support to disabled entrepreneurs,
the Indian government established the National Handicapped Finance and
Development Corporation (NHFDC) in 1997. To safeguard the rights of the
disabled, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has launched a number of
programmes. The Rehabilitation Council of India Act (1992) and the Persons with
Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation
Act) (1995) both address the issue of disability. The government should
implement these programmes strictly and offer disabled people awareness
programmes so they can use them in their daily lives.
As a result, the Indian
government passed the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act in 2016, which
aims to empower persons with disabilities and promote dignity and
self-assurance in both the workplace and society. The Rights of Persons with
Disabilities Act of 2016 states that the percentage of government jobs reserved
for people with disabilities is only 3% to 4% and that the percentage in higher
education institutions is 3% to 5%.
3. HEALTH
Every person has a
different disability. Disability is the inability to efficiently and actively
engage in the community on an equal basis with rest. It is the result of the
interplay between people who have impairments and environmental and attitude
constraints. People who have disabilities include those who experience
persistent physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that, when
combined with additional challenges, may prohibit them from participating
completely and equally in society.[19]
Disability rates are increasing daily as a result of expensive access to
high-quality healthcare being limited. A vast number of disabilities, including
those brought on by obstetrical circumstances, maternal illnesses,
malnutrition, as well as accidents and injuries, can be avoided. Disability hasn't
been adequately addressed by the health sector, especially in rural India.
Additionally, there is a shortage of inexpensive access to adequate medical
treatment, assistance, and appliances. Another issue is rehabilitation centres'
healthcare infrastructure and under qualified medical staff.
LAWS ON
HEALTH
According to Article 47
of the constitution, the government has a major duty to promote public health,
particularly by passing laws that make it illegal to consume alcoholic
beverages and take drugs that are hazardous to one's health unless they are
absolutely necessary.Indian health regulations include many safeguards for the
disabled. One of the laws that deals with citizen health, especially that of
the disabled, is the Mental Health Act of 1987. various schemes were introduced
for the well being of the persons with disabilities. The Indian government
offers two health insurance plans designed specifically for people with
disabilities.
?
Niramaya Health Insurance. This government has introduced a health
insurance programme that covers people with impairments.
?
Swavlamban Health Insurance.
RIGHTS GRANTED TO PEOPLE WITH
IMPAIRMENTS UNDER THE MENTAL HEALTH ACT OF 1987
? Psychiatric hospitals, convalescent homes, and
other facilities under the control of the government should admit and treat
patients with mental illnesses.
? The right to allow mentally retarded inmates
or minors to receive care in a government-run nursing home or psychiatric
facility.
? Anyone who has been convicted of a crime,
individuals below the age of 16, addicts to alcohol or drugs substances, and
addicts to both have the right to admission and treatment in a psychiatric
hospital that is owned by the government.
? Constitutional protections for
mentally retarded people include the right to controlled, regulated, and
coordinated medical care from government-owned facilities. The Act established
regulatory agencies to licence these institutions at the state and federal
levels.
? The right to obtain treatment and
care both as an inpatient and an outpatient at the aforementioned hospitals.
? The government is responsible for paying the
medical bills for those with mental disabilities, unless the relatives consent
to do so.
? People with mental impairment have the right
to obtain their government pension, payment, or gratuity. The contribution can
be accepted on behalf of disabled people by a guardian who has been approved by
the magistrate.
? This Act grants the right to receive free
legal representation in the event that the person is unable to speak with a
lawyer.[20]
PROVISIONS UNDER THE REHABILITATION
COUNCIL OF INDIA ACT, 1992
? This Act provides guarantees for the
high calibre of services offered by different rehabilitation professionals. The
following is a list of these assurances:
? The right to choose rehabilitation
professionals who are qualified and the names of whom are on the Council's
Register when seeking their services.
? To obtain confirmation that the basic
educational standards required for the recognition of rehabilitation
credentials by Indian colleges as well as institutions will be upheld.
? To be shielded from sanctions and
expulsion from the Council's Register by rehabilitation specialists who are
obligated to adhere to professional behaviour
and ethics.
? To know that a statutory body that is overseen
by the union government will be in charge of overseeing rehabilitation
specialists will act under the restrictions set forth in the statute.[21]
4. STANDARD
OF LIVING:
Sometimes, people with
disabilities are born into poverty or their family has spent all of their
wealth on their care, trapping them there for the rest of their lives. Other
times, disabled persons grow up in care centres after their parents abandon
them. No matter how qualified a person is, they would not be able to attend the
interview if they were unable to afford transportation or attire suitable for
the situation. In addition, there is no assurance that they will be chosen for
the position; hence, Due to a lack of resources to prepare for the
opportunities, the majority decide to stay at home. To benefit PWD's
beneficiaries by providing social assistance to the disadvantaged household: In
order to qualify for the pension, a person must be living below the poverty
line, be between the ages of 18 and 79, and have at least 80% of their body
functioning impaired. The recipients of this government-funded programme earn
Rs. 300 per month as part of it. All funding is being provided by the central
government. All IGNDP claimants are above 80% disabled or multiple disabled,
hence in addition to this, the State Government gives each beneficiary Rs. 200
per month under the programme.[22]The only
way to escape poverty is through employment; therefore, the employment
reservation rate needs to be changed, and the government should implement
additional programmes like the IGMDP. The education of disabled people is a
significant deciding element in job selection in large corporations or certain
reputable businesses. Government should implement education-related laws and
policies, and it should also change the margin of reserve for higher education.
So that employees can work freely and stress-free, discrimination in society
and the workplace should be outlawed. They ought to be treated similarly to
other people who are not impaired so that they can become more normal. People
with disabilities should receive special care and motivation to work.
5. PROBLEMS
CONCERNING TRANSPORTATION AND OTHER FACILITIES
As was already noted, a
lot of organisations lack the necessary amenities for those with impairments.
Disability makes it almost impossible for people to manage their jobs and other
responsibilities. People who need wheelchairs, for example, need room to move
around. If employees are located upstairs, the business must install an
escalator or lift so that the staff members may get around more conveniently.
Even though these adjustments may be costly for many firms, it is necessary
that persons with disabilities work in environments that are pleasant and
sympathetic to their nature. If there is no room for movement, how would
someone using a wheelchair get around the place or even carry out commonplace
tasks like using the lavatory.[23] An older
person (18 years or older) with a disability who lives in a rural region must
have access to transportation. The accessibility of the services, education,
and social contact they require to lead healthy lives is impacted by this
access.
6. STIGMATIZATION
A person with a
disability could have trouble working in an office environment, especially if
they get along poorly with their coworkers. Stigmatisation of people with
disabilities is common, especially if their impairments are evident, like an
inability to walk. Some of the workers are being isolated by their coworkers,
who fear that the disability may spread. This displays a high level of
ignorance because, unless someone was fighting and the other person became
handicapped, no one would purposely inflict a disability on another person. Due
to the negative attitudes held by the families of the disabled and frequently
the disabled themselves are prohibited from actively engaging in the family,
community, or workforce. Discrimination against those with varying capabilities
is an everyday occurrence. People who have mental illnesses or mental
retardation experience the highest stigma and face extreme social
marginalisation.[24]
7. SOCIAL EXCLUSION:
Some people are merely
enraged by people with disabilities. Since they don't want to keep working
together, they try to make life as challenging for themselves as possible.
People like that harm disabled people's sense of self-worth by leaving them the
perception that they are not welcome in the organisation. Many firms are
hesitant to hire people with disabilities because of unfavourable stereotypes
about them, and when they do, they closely monitor them to make sure they don't
make any errors. Their life may be significantly impacted by the executives'
attitudes towards the impaired person.[25]
SUGGESTIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS
According to the paper's
consideration of the different issues and challenges encountered by people with
disabilities, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, has to be
revised with new reservation rates, the implementation of suitable education,
healthcare, transportation, and other services. The few suggestions to lessen
obstacles for people with disabilities at work are to increase the count of disabled workers in the public
and private sectors, internal policies should be established that give priority
to recruiting people with disabilities , to create documented policies for
handling matters related to disabilities, including requests for accommodations
, to establish a formal business non-discrimination policy that addresses
disability in order to prevent mishandling by other inexperienced workers , to
appoint a diversity specialist who deals with disability concerns and to teach
organisation non-disabled employees on how to prevent stereotypes and
discrimination by providing knowledge on Disability employees, their
advantages, and how to understand them.
CONCLUSION
The disability rate in India is
continuing its upward trend as ever. The number of disabled workers are also on
the rise. Despite the mammoth efforts of the government by implementing schemes
and policies, the lack of awareness of the same has hit hard and led to the
failure of the efforts. The government along with taking such huge steps also
has to make strides when it comes to spreading awareness of the steps they have
taken. Any benefits for disabled people are not beneficial if the people to
whom the benefit is to be endorsed are unaware of such benefits for them. In
order to achieve a harmonious society where the disabled workers are treated
equally and accepted as they are, the government not only has to implement more
steps but also has to make sure that awareness about such steps is spread
adequately.
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Normal and Handicapped Children: A Comparative Approach, Ashish Publishing
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[2]Convention on the
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[3]Issues Related to
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[4]International Day of
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[5]Kumar SG,
Roy G, Kar SS. Disability and rehabilitation services in India: issues and
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[6] Barbara C. Gartin, Tina T.Dyches,
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[7] Job wasonga and Florah bukania,
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[11] Kumar
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[12] Legislative
Department | Legislative Department | India. (n.d.). Legislative Department |
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[13] Ritika Gulyani,
Educational Policies in India with Special Reference to Children with
Disabilities
[14] Prajapati, N. L.
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[15]Gulyani, Ritika.
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[16]Legislative Department
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[17] Rashmi Khazanchi,
Current Scenario of Employment of Person with Disabilities in India
[18] Ranjita Dawn, Issues
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[19] Gudlavalleti, M.V.S.,
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[20]The Mental health
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[21] THE REHABILITATION
COUNCIL OF INDIA ACT, 1992. (n.d.). Indiacode.
[22]Indira Gandhi National
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[23] Sandra Rosenbloom,
Transportation Patterns and Problems of People with Disabilities
[24] Gudlavalleti,
M.V.S., John, N., Allagh, K. et al. Access to health care and employment status
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Article Information
A CRITICAL STUDY ON CHALLENGES FACED BY THE DISABLED PERSONS: IN RESPECT TO THE ACT “RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES” OF 2016
Authors: YESHWANTH SHARMA P, TRIVENI T
- Journal IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
- Published 2023/06/05
- Volume 2
- Issue 7
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International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis
- Abbreviation IJLRA
- ISSN 2582-6433
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